دانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301The Analysis of the effects of contemporary urban development plans on the spatial structure of the north of Isfahan’s historical coreبررسی تاثیر طرح های توسعه شهری معاصر بر ساختار فضایی هسته تاریخی شمال شهر اصفهان3125061FAJournal Article20120831One of the fundamental problems in the historical areas of Iranian cities is related with their incompatibility with contemporary urban projects and new developments. Owning to inattention to the old city structure in the historical core of the north of Isfahan, the new developments have imposed a new one that is in discordance with the old part of the city. This problem has led to progressive deterioration and obliteration of the historical areas including all architectural and urban elements like Atiq Square and Jāmeh mosque. This research aims at identifying the effect of contemporary urban developments- particularly the Haussmanniannet work imposed on the city, that is, on the spatial structure of historical area of the city. To achieve the mentioned goal, the structure of the city has been analyzed over four critical historical periods: the first period, Seljuqs; the second period: Safavids ; the third period: Pahlavi dynasty and fourth period: contemporary development and reconstruction of Atiq Square and surrounding area. In this study the Jāmeh mosque and Atiq square have been considered as integral components of the old city which have important role in the evolution of the city structure. As principal notions of this research, the relationship between “Spatial cohesion” and “integration” constitutes the main body of paper. Being a new approach, this method surveys the urban structure and spatial configuration in the old city. Considering the importance of the variations of “integration value” and its correlation with the concept of “structural cohesion”, this variable (integration value) has been taken into account as the main notion to evaluate the modification of the new development projects with old city structure. The “Space Syntax” technique has been used to measure the “integration value” in different scales. The integration value has also been calculated and compared on five principal axes surrounding Atiq Square including Jamaleh, Bazar, Joubareh, Dardash and Harounieh. Therefore, the concept of “spatial integration” of historical core of Isfahan has been analyzed through the above-mentioned approach in collaboration with Space Syntax. The results showed that contemporary development, recent urban projects and other interventions have not been successfully adapted due to neglecting the historical and socio-spatial contexts of the city. Concerning the “integration value”, the average value of integration on all axes has considerably increased. Moreover, the findings showed that (in the city scale), the recent project of reconstruction of Atiq square has led to a better integration value of surrounding axes in comparison with Pahlavi development projects. In the local scale, the demolition of Atiq square because of haussmannian development of Pahlavi period has significant impact on deterioration of spatial cohesion. In spite of better integration on urban scale, the local integration of historical axes has decreased. The lack of integration has intensified the disintegration of local network and ,thus, the urban area. The immediate consequence was the isolation of main architectural and urban elements such as Jāmeh mosque or Ali mosque which are both, for the time being, close to the rehabilitated Atiq square. Another result of this isolation was the considerable and growing social problems such as insecurity, poverty and social segregation.یکی از مشکلات اساسی در مناطق تاریخی شهرهای ایران عدم انطباق با طرح های توسعه شهری معاصر می باشد. این مشکل در هسته تاریخی شمال شهر اصفهان به دلیل عدم شناخت ساختار و شکل شهر منجر به حذف تدریجی ساختار قدیمی شهر و تحمیل ساختار شبکه ای جدید در پی احداث خیابان های صلیبی شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر طرح های توسعه شهری معاصر بر ساختار فضایی هسته تاریخی شمال شهر اصفهان، به بررسی و تحلیل ساختار شهر اصفهان در چهار دوره مهم تحولات کالبدی به روش چیدمان فضا پرداخته است. این روش به عنوان یک رویکرد جدید، ساختار و پیکره بندی فضایی را در شهرها به صورتی روشمند مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. از آنجاییکه تغییرات ارزش همپیوندی با مفهوم انسجام ساختاری در ارتباط است، این متغیر (ارزش همپیوندی) به عنوان مهمترین مفهوم در این روش به منظور بررسی انسجام و هماهنگی ساختار منطقه تاریخی شهر اصفهان و ارزیابی ارزش و اهمیت راسته های تاریخی بافت قدیم مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش روشن شد که مداخلات شهرسازانه در دوره اخیر در نبود رویکردی زمینه گرا و بدون شناخت زمینه های کالبدی موجود، منجر به انزوای ساختاری فضایی بافت های تاریخی شده اند. از طرفی طرح های نوسازی، بهسازی در حال اجرا، به دلیل عدم توجه به ساختار فضایی بافت تاریخی و با رویکردی صرفا پوسته ای و کمی، نتوانسته اند در رفع مشکلات ساختاری کالبدی این منطقه تاریخی و ارزشمند تاثیر بسزایی داشته باشند.https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5061_a64dba133d2d2484cec437cacce7f6b5.pdfدانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301An Evaluation of the Satisfaction Level of the Residents of Maskan-e-Mehr Complexesو Case Study:The Case of Fatemieh Site in Yazdارزیابی میزان رضایت مندی ساکنان از مجتمع های مسکن مهر (مطالعه موردی: سایت مسکن مهر فاطمیه شهر یزد)13265063FAJournal Article20120523The post-industrial revolution era is characterized by increasingly global urbanization with the resulting problem of the shortage of housing. In fact, housing has become not only one of the desperate needs but also an ever-growing concern of human being who has always been preoccupied with finding a solution to this issue. Maskan-e-Mehr is deemed to be the greatest national project in housing. Due to the wide scope and newness of the project, an evaluation of the results is necessary. Generally, housing satisfaction as one of the widely studied issues along with housing environments proves to be a part of the life satisfaction. As a matter of fact, satisfaction means the amount of individuals’ accessibil -ity to the intended objectives. The identification of the effective factors responsible for the satisfaction and dissatisfaction rate of the residents can be helpful both in the analysis of the existing living conditions and in the future decisions to improve the quality of the housing environments and to avoid the same defects in the future locations. This study can assist the policy-makers and planners in designing an effective architecture for Maskane-Mehr projects to meet the needs of the residents. The present article undertakes to evalu-ate the satisfaction level of the residents in Fatemieh site of Maskan-e-Mehr in Yazd city. Although the adopted methodology in this study is largely descriptive, the data collection includes documentary and survey carried out via distributing questionnaires and inter -viewing the residents. A formula-based sampling of 367 subjects residing in kokran was taken as the statistical sample which was, for the sake of more accuracy, raised to 400 sub -jects. To assess the extent of satisfaction of the Maskan-e-Mehr project, the questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part dealt with the independent variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, income, occupation and a medium designed to investigate the variables on the level of perception of the satisfaction of residents. The second part was devoted to the dependent variable pertinent to the satisfaction of the Maskan-e-Mehr project. These variables include integrated facilities management and maintenance, light-ing, ventilation, landscape and views, arrangement, neighborhood relations, economic, environmental dimensions, transportation, accessibility and security. The analysis of the data has been done via the SPSS20 software. According to the descriptive results obtained from applying the Chi-Square test, there is a meaningful relation between independent variants such as gender, occupation, marital status on the one hand and the satisfaction level on the other hand. Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the results show that there is a meaningful and direct relation between the age variable and that of satisfaction, whereas the education and the average income variables have a meaningful but indirect relation. The evaluative results of this research indicate that the overall satisfaction level of the residents of Fatemieh Condo is average. The residents of Fatemieh Condo are dis-satisfied with the economic condition of the condo while the neighboring residents are satisfied with criteria such as security, lighting, ventilation and the physical status of the complex. They, however, expressed an average satisfaction about the other study criteria. Taking into account the complex of Maskan-e-Mehr Fatemieh city of Yazd, it is possible to raise the level of satisfaction of the residents through provision of a range of facilities and reduction of the problems in their residential location. Finally, some solutions have been proposed for the improvement of the project, the facilities and the services for our case study.پروژه مسکن مهر بزرگترین طرح ملی مسکن می باشد که به علت گستردگی طرح و نو بودن آن نیاز به بررسی نتایج حاصل از این تجربه احساس می شود. از این رو هدف اصلی این مقاله ارزیابی میزان رضایتمندی ساکنان از مجتمع های مسکن مهر فاطمیه شهر یزد می باشد. روش این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی و ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات شامل مطالعات اسنادی و پیمایشی از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با ساکنان می باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش ساکنان مسکن مهر فاطمیه و حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران 363 نفر برآورده شد که برای دقت بیشتر به 400 نفر افزایش یافت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS20 انجام شد. براساس یافته های توصیفی حاصل از آزمون کای اسکوئر بین متغیرهای مستقل از قبیل: جنسیت، اشتغال و وضعیت تأهل افراد با رضایتمندی از واحدهای مسکونی رابطه معنی داری وجود دارد و همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون نشان می دهد که رابطه متغیر سن با رضایت از مجتمع مسکونی معنی دار و مثبت و رابطه متغیرهای تحصیلات و متوسط درآمد ماهیانه معنی دار و منفی می باشد. نتایج تحلیلی تحقیق حاکی از آن است که میزان رضایت مندی ساکنان از مجتمع مسکن مهر فاطمیه در حد متوسط (3.22 با میانه نظری 3) می باشد و ساکنان از شرایط اقتصادی (هزینه خرید و تسهیلات وام مسکن) مجتمع اظهار نارضایتی کردند. ساکنان محدوده مورد مطالعه، از معیارهای امنیت، روشنایی و تهویه و ویژگی های کالبدی مجتمع اظهار رضایت داشته و از سایر معیارهای پژوهش در حد متوسط رضایت داشته اند و در نهایت راهکارهایی برای بهبود طرح مسکن مهر و ارتقای تسهیلات و خدمات در محدوده مورد مطالعه ارائه شده است.https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5063_83026980ccdc2136413bd617a79d4f81.pdfدانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301The Role of the Built Environment Attributes in Residents’ Walking Behavior, Case Study: Tehran city/ Iranبررسی نقش عوامل مصنوع در افزایش پیاده روی شهروندان در شهر (نمونه مورد مطالعه: تهران)27345064FAJournal Article20130310Nowadays, a special attention is given to the role of urban planning and the built environment and their impacts on neighborhood walkability and residents’ walking behavior. A large number of studies have been conducted about this issue in developed countries, but little has been done in this regard in the context of a developing country such as Iran. These researches emphasized the strong relation between accessibility to parks, recreational and sport services. They applied two main approaches of objective and subjective. The objective criterion has some advantages like lesser measurement error, standardization and easy quantification and transferability into policy making. Some researchers believe that subjective approaches have more affinities with real perceptions especially in behavioral sciences. Thus, a considerable number of researchers recommend the use of both objective and subjective approaches. Evidence showed that the dimension of physical problems is more sophisticated in larger urban centers. Tehran mega-polis as capital center of Iran experiences a wide range of socio-economic problems due to the rising level of air pollution. According to the official records of heath organizations, obesity and heart diseases are on the increase among the population of large urban centers. Therefore, it seems that physical activity can partly help reduce the pressure of different physical and mental disorders. Obviously, urban planners play a significant role in carrying out the arrangement of urban land use on different scales from city to neighborhood. The present study examined the relationship between neighborhood walkability and adults’ walking behavior in Metropolitan Tehran. Three built environment measures of net residential density, land-use mix, street connectivity, and socio-economic status (SES) were calculated using geographic information systems (GIS) on a census block scale across Metropolitan Tehran. As participants, 657 subjects were recruited from neighboring areas in terms of both neighborhood walkability and SES scores. The amount of weekly walking was obtained using a self-reported method and, then, it was compared with the neighborhood walkability. The data were processed and classified using SPSS and anylsed via different statistical models. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the neighborhood walkability and residents’ walking behavior. People who lived in high walkable neighborhoods reported more weekly walking than those who lived in low walkable neighborhoods. These results highlighted the role of urban planning and the built environment in enhancing residents’ physical activity which, in turn, leads to the improvement of residents’ physical and mental health. The main conclusion of this research was that the method and measurement of physical activities in urban areas has definite connection with the socio-economic conditions of people. Thus, urban researchers need to employ social and economic indexes to identify the real requirements of urban neighborhoods and facilities to help members of society, especially the older people, to take part in physical activities. This research, however, recommended further studies in this regard to deepen our understanding about the relation between the features of built environment and the tendency of residents towards more physical activity.در سالهای اخیر بر نقش برنامه ریزی شهری و طراحی محیط ساخته شده (مصنوع) بر میزان قابلیت پیاده روی و میزان فعالیت بدنی شهروندان تاکید فراوانی شده است. با وجود اینکه مطالعات گسترده ای بر روی شهرهای جوامع توسعه یافته بر روی این موضوع انجام شده است، کماکان مطالعات اندکی برای شهرهای کشورهای در حال توسعه از جمله ایران وجود دارد. پژوهش حاضر رابطه ی میان قابلیت پیاده روی محلات و میزان پیاده روی در بزرگسالان را در کلانشهر تهران مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. سه متغیر قابلیت پیاده روی در محلات شامل تراکم مسکونی خالص، اختلاط کاربری ها و پیوستگی خیابان ها با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در مقیاس بلوک های آماری در کلانشهر تهران مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. همچنین متغیر میزان وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی شهروندان هم در مقیاس بلوک های آماری مورد محاسبه قرار گرفته و بر اساس میزان قابلیت پیاده روی محلات و میزان وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی در مقیاس بلوک های آماری، 657 نفر بعنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات مربوط به میزان پیاده روی این افراد با استفاده از روش خود اظهاری بدست آمده و با میزان قابلیت پیاده روی محلات مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می دهد که رابطه ی معنی داری بین میزان قابلیت پیاده روی محلات و میزان پیاده روی شهروندان وجود دارد بطوریکه افرادیکه در محلات با میزان قابلیت پیاده روی بالایی زندگی می کنند، میزان پیاده روی بیشتری نسبت به افرادی دارند که در محلاتی با قابلیت پیاده روی کمتر زندگی می کنند. این نتایج بر نقش برنامه ریزی شهری و طراحی محیط ساخته شده بر بالابردن میزان فعالیت بدنی شهروندان و درنهایت ارتقای سلامت فیزیکی و روانی شهروندان تاکید می کند. توسعه ی طرح هایی با میزان تراکم مسکونی خالص بیشتر و تشویق اختلاط کاربری های مختلف بخصوص کاربری های تجاری خرد می تواند نقش مهمی در ترغیب شهروندان در پیاده روی داشته باشند. توسعه های شهری کم تراکم مسکونی بدون دربرداشتن کاربری های تجاری و اداری همراه با شبکه خیابان های گسسته (از جمله طرح های سلسله مراتبی) می تواند استفاده از ماشین شخصی را ترغیب و پیاده روی شهروندان را محدود سازد. البته باید اشاره شودکه در این پژوهش داده های مرتبط با تصورات ذهنی (ادراکات) شهروندان از محل زندگی شان مورد استفاده قرار نگرفت که خود می تواند موضوع تحقیقات بعدی باشد.https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5064_f4aa1da58a5ec2e16384f62aa10ab518.pdfدانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301The Analysis of the relationship between capability of Neighborhoods Walkability and Air Pollutionو Case study: Areas around air quality monitoring stations in Tehranتحلیل ارتباط بین قابلیت پیاده مداری محلات و آلودگی هوا، مطالعه موردی: نواحی پیرامون ایستگاه های سنجش کیفیت هوا در شهر تهران35465065FAJournal Article20121120The relationship between public health and urban planning is an innovative and important issue which enjoys a prominent position in the future urban planning. In this regard, ad -verse air quality condition and air pollutant concentrations higher than the permitted limit set by the World Health Organization are considered as a threat to the health of citizens in big cities. According to result of air pollution monitoring (conducted in the Tehran Air Quality Control Company), Tehran air quality has deteriorated in recent years. Likewise, according to the World Bank estimates, the annual economic value of losses of life and damage caused by air pollution in Iran is totaled $ 1.8 billion and Tehran residents’ life-time has on average become shorter by 5 years. Owing to the special geographical condi -tion (topography and meteorology), social (population distribution and traffic), culture (level of culture and related education) and urban development, Tehran metropolitan is faced with the dilemma of air pollution. It is necessary to mention that motor-vehicle emissions are the primary source of most fine and ultra- fine particles in Tehran (More than 70 percent of Tehran’s air pollution is related to motor-vehicle emissions). Both urban air quality as an influential factor in public health and neighborhoods walkability as another important feature of urban built environment are considered in this paper. It should be noted that a large part of the current metropolitan air pollution is caused by emissions from the urban transport sector; thus representing the importance of public and sustainable urban transport. Having this in mind, this study focuses on capability of neighborhoods walkability as a long-term and effective strategy to promote walking trips and improve ur-ban air quality. In this research, the average annual concentrations (in years 2010-2011) of Ozone (O3), Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO), Particulate matter (PM10), and capability of neighborhoods walkability in fourteen areas around air quality monitoring stations are studied. To estimate the capability of walkability, the 2009 model proposed by Marshal and his colleagues is utilized with slight modification. Measures that are used in the equation include net residential density, intersection density, land-use mix, retail units density and average distance from public transport stations. In the next step, cor-relations between them are calculated using correlation and regression models along with spatial analysis in relation to distance from city centers. These data were analyzed and calculated in ArcMap software. In addition, city centers were determined based on Tehran master plan approved in 2007. Research pinpoint the concentration of primary pollutants, capabilities of neighborhoods walkability increase in adjacent areas of city center and the concentration of secondary pollutant O3 increase with distance from city center. Capabil -ity of neighborhoods walkability and concentration of Ozone (O3) and PM10 were also correlated with each other. In addition, the highest walkability area was observed in sur -rounding area of Golbarg, region 4 and 7 stations and surrounding areas of Pasdaran and Ostandari stations were the most polluted among the others areas.<span>ارتباط سلامت عمومی و برنامه‌ریزی شهری موضوعی نوین و در عین حال پراهمیت است و توجه به این مسئله در برنامه¬ریزی آینده شهرها از جایگاهی ویژه برخوردار است. در این مقاله، کیفیت هوای شهری به عنوان عاملی تأثیر گذار در سلامت شهروندان و پیاده مداری محلات از مشخصه های مهم و نوین محیط انسان ساخت شهری موردنظر قراردارند. امروزه بخش عظیمی از آلودگی هوای کلانشهرها به سبب انتشارات آلاینده ها در بخش حمل ونقل شهری است و این امر لزوم توجه به گونه های حمل ونقل پایدار نظیر حمل و نقل عمومی را بیش از پیش آشکار می سازد. بدین منظور این مطالعه به بررسی قابلیت پیاده مداری محلات به عنوان راهبردی تأثیر گذار و بلند مدت در راستای ارتقاء سفرهای پیاده شهری و کاهش آلودگی هوا می‌پردازد. در این پژوهش، از میانگین غلظت سالیانه (در سال 1389) برای آلاینده¬های O3، NO، CO، PM10 و تخمین قابلیت پیاده مداری در چهارده محدوده پیرامون ایستگاه های سنجش کیفیت هوا، استفاده شد و در ادامه تغییرات میزان آلاینده ها و قابلیت پیاده مداری محلات با فاصله از مرکز شهر و همچنین میزان همبستگی غلظت آلاینده ها و قابلیت پیاده مداری محلات با استفاده از تحلیل رگرسیونی و همبستگی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. </span><span>یافته های پژوهش حاکی از افزایش غلظت آلاینده های اولیه و قابلیت پیاده مداری محلات در نواحی پیرامون مرکز شهر و افزایش غلظت آلاینده ثانویه O3 با فاصله از مرکز شهر است. همچنین قابلیت پیاده مداری محلات و غلظت آلاینده های O3 و PM10 دارای همبستگی معناداری با یکدیگر می باشند.</span>https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5065_6919ee9cc063152e00fccd0f6dc89a86.pdfدانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301Integrated Transportation Approach: Achieving Sustainable Transportationو Case study: Metropolitan Shirazیکپارچه سازی سیستم حمل و نقل راهکاری در جهت دستیابی به حمل و نقل پایدار، مطالعه موردی کلانشهر شیراز47605066FAJournal Article20130404In comparison with the past, the public awareness and public sensitivity have notably increased through sustainability. In this regard, different departments have discussed their problems via the approach of sustainability. Sustainable development considers economic, social and environmental dimensions simultaneously. The same is true with sustainable transportation whose sustainable development policies in transportation area seek ways to provide all groups of society with appropriate access, to adjust economic costs and ,more importantly, to reduce the negative environmental impacts. However, almost all indicators show that the current experience of the transportation in our country and the consistent trend in the world are not only in the wrong direction but are also unstable in the longer term. One of the most efficient approaches to achieve sustainability is the strategy of integrating transportation system. "Integrated transportation strategy" is suggested to provide a more sustainable model of transportation to achieve sustainability and address major concerns. This research will study the case study of metropolitan Shiraz which is located in the southwest of Iran, with a population of almost 1.5 million. Facing numerous problems in the domain of urban transportation, Metropolitan Shiraz's current trend is not stable due to the city's struggling with some specific problems such as low share of public transport usage and dependency on car, high level of car ownership, growing population and density in central districts, high level of fuel usage, and increasing pollution. Several actions and plans including some action plans , special and technical programs and software have been carried out to address the aforementioned urban problems in the hope of reducing these problems , but they had not achieved enough efficiency. This study investigates the current situation of the transportation system in Shiraz using information collected via an expert opinion survey, questionnaires and interviewing some managers and experts in public or private organizations, companies, and consulting offices using special method called Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate the system and define the priorities for future considerations. The results confirm that current set of policies undertaken by urban management and urban governance system in Shiraz almost fails to conform to the desirable criteria of Integrated Transport Approach. Although certain models have been recommended to achieve integration of transportation system, this article opted for a more comprehensive model by Potter and Skinner ( 2000 ). The finding of this research shows that, according to experts’ viewpoints, integration policies should be oriented to improving the public transport system. These policies include basic policies which will be presented as follows: the increase of the accessibility and efficiency of public bus system for potential demand areas; allocation of part of Municipality incomes to public transport sector; and establishment of separated bus lanes especially throughout the central district of the city.سیاست های حمل و نقل پایدار در صدد جستجوی روش هایی است که امکان دسترسی مناسب را برای همه اقشار جامعه فراهم کرده، هزینه های اقتصادی را تعدیل نموده و زمینه آلودگی های زیست محیطی را کاهش دهد. از طرفی دیگر، تجارب کنونی حمل و نقل درون شهری در کشور ما و ادامه روند موجود، قرابت اندکی با چشم انداز حمل و نقل پایدار دارد. "راهبرد حمل و نقل یکپارچه" (Integrated Transportation Approach) با هدف یکپارچه سازی و هماهنگ نمودن خدمات جابجایی در راستای دستیابی به آرمان حمل و نقل پایدار پیشنهاد شده است. کلانشهر شیراز امروزه با مشکلات عمده ای در حوزۀ حمل و نقل درون شهری همچون سهم پایین استفاده از حمل و نقل عمومی، ازدحام ترافیکی روزافزون در بخش مرکزی شهر، مصرف بالای سوخت و بروز انواع آلودگی مواجه بوده و به منظور کاهش مشکلات مذکور، طرح ها و اقدامات عملی و نرم افزاری متعددی را تجربه نموده است. پژوهش حاضر به بیان یافته های یک تحقیق مبتنی بر نظرسنجی کارشناسی (Expert Opinion) می پردازد که در آن وضعیت جاری شیراز در حوزۀ حمل و نقل درون شهری و سیاست های اعمال شده را با رویکرد یکپارچه سازی بررسی شده است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با مدیران و کارشناسان بخش دولتی و خصوصی (مشاورین) جمع آوری شده و با روش تحلیل چند معیاری سلسله مراتبی (AHP) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که سیاست های جاری مدیریت شهری شیراز از نظر معیارهای "راهبرد حمل و نقل یکپارچه"، وضعیت مطلوبی ندارد. از دیدگاه کارشناسی، اولویت بندی سیاست های یکپارچه سازی با محوریت توسعه حمل و نقل عمومی و به ترتیب شامل افزایش دسترسی و کارایی اتوبوسرانی در مناطق شهریِ دارای پتانسیل تقاضا، تخصیص بخشی از عواید ناشی از دریافت عوارض شهرداری در بخش حمل و نقل عمومی و ایجاد مسیرهای ویژۀ اتوبوس در کرویدورهای پر تردد و بخش مرکزی شهر می¬باشند.https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5066_bcf875f680dfffb0148e3be530d98310.pdfدانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301The Assessment of Land Ecological Capability for obtainment of Suitable land use in Yasouj urban area using Ecologic modelارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی محیط جهت تعیین مناطق مناسب کاربری ها در حوزه شهری یاسوج با مدل اکولوژیک61725067FAJournal Article20120617Over the past two decades, several models have been used to calculate environmental vul-nerability with Approach collective decisions to mitigate the effects of the natural hazards. Location of cities and villages, and site selection of residential units, services, and indus-tries and recreation should be harmonized with expansion of geology, geomorphology, soil and climatology sciences. Therefore, without understanding their natural features, the construction of urban and rural areas and related activities associated with their spatial substrate is not reasonable. Yasuj urban area is located in narrow plains in the western foothills of the Zagros Mountains. The area of this place is about 12776 hectares and its average topographic height is about 1850 mASL. The area consists of 42 villages whose population is over 150 thousand and its city center is Yasouj. The main purpose of this study is to put stress on the theory of sustainable development in Yasuj urban areas. The study of natural vulnerability of Yasuj urban areas was performed with an emphasis on the natural and environmental structure. Methods used to analyze the vulnerability include Fuzzy logic, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and environmental indicators that were used by Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on the criteria and sub criteria of the study, the study area affected by natural features and special characteristics are threatened with some environmental restrictions and natural hazards. Due to young and active faults, the urban area shows great potential for earthquake. The probability of flood in the area increases as a result of the features of the mountain, sharp slopes, existence of several torrent rivers, relatively high amounts of rainfall, especially during the cold season. Structure and texture of alluvial plains and foothills are almost weak. In addition, the steep foothills can increase probability of hillside movements and phenomena such as the downfall of soil and rock, landslides and avalanche at snowy periods. According to the results obtained from combining various layers of environmental data layers car -ried out on the basis of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, it became clear that ,in Yasuj urban area, central parts of the plain have the lowest environmental vulnerability with the rise of the risk level towards the mountainous area. The study not only reveals that proximity to faults has the highest fuzzy membership degree, but also suggests that collaboration with other environmental hazards such flood risk (distance from the river), slope and land use, shows the highest vulnerability. The surrounding mountainous areas (Zagros) in Yasuj urban area which are tectonically active parts of the area have higher risk in comparison with those in the plain. Considering the results, growth and develop -ment of the city toward the mountains will encounter high vulnerability. These results corresponded with the capability of the forest parts of the mountainous areas. Therefore, the development of the city construction toward the mountain would cause sever damage to mountain ecosystems, plant and animal life. Thus, areas characterized by high vulner -ability should be protected since they have not only high potential for being risky but also are vulnerable to the development of human activities (regions of oak forests and rivers protection area). The results of this research lead the policy of regional development to decrease the possibility of environmental vulnerability. The assessment and combination of the results of the information layers studies signal the high environmental vulnerabilityin peripheral parts of urban area due to the overlapping of different natural hazards that tend toward the center of the plain. Finally, the salient point of studying the area shows that in the absence of any planning and measurement of the ecological capability of the land, development inflicts serious environmental damage, which , in turn, may harm hu -man societies in the future.ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک سرزمین به عنوان یکی از ابزارهای حرکت در راستای توسعه پایدار، به دنبال سنجش موجودی و توان نهفته سرزمین با ملاک‌ها و معیارهای مشخص و از پیش طرح‌ریزی شده است. ضرورت این پیمایش و کنترل پیامدهای توسعه و سنجش قابلیت‌های زمین در شرایطی که ایران یکی از کشورهای در حال توسعه و مواجه با روندهای شهرنشینی شتابان است، بیشتر مطرح می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف کلان حفظ قابلیت‌های زیست‌محیطی، آزمون و ارزیابی قابلیت‌سنجی را در حوزه شهر یاسوج، به عنوان یکی از مراکز استانی با آهنگ فزآینده گسترش شهری دنبال نموده است. بنابراین تعیین توان اکولوژیک حوزه شهری یاسوج برای گسترش سکونتگاهی و همچنین مشخص نمودن امکانات، توانمندی‌ها و محدودیت‌های منابع سرزمینی ناحیه به عنوان بستر مناسب هر گونه برنامه‌ریزی ، هدف مشخص این پژوهش است. روش مطالعه در تحلیل قابلیت‌سنجی زمین محدوده پژوهش مبتنی بر یک مدل اکولوژیکی است که بر مبنای روش آمایش سرزمین مخدوم طراحی شد. از بین معیارها و گزینه‌های مختلف مؤثر در قابلیت زمین، سه گزینه اصلی قابلیت زراعی، جنگلداری و توسعه شهری، سکونتی و فعالیت‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج کاربست مدل حکایت از پتانسیل‌های وسیع محیطی و اکولوژیک در محدوده مورد مطالعه دارد که عوامل محدود کننده‌ای برای توسعه شهری به شمار می‌روند. 82درصد از مجموع سطح محدوده را اراضی با قابلیت کشاورزی، مرتعداری و جنگل تشکیل می‌دهند. بنابراین حساسیت و آسیب‌پذیری محیط طبیعی در این حوزه در اولویت اول، توصیه را به سمت اتخاذ سیاست‌های محدوده کننده گسترش شهری، هم در محدوده شهر یاسوج و هم در حوزه اطراف آن، استفاده از توان گردشگری ناحیه و در اولویت دوم، سوق دادن گسترش شهری یاسوج به سمت شمال‌غربی و شهرک مادوان و مهریان است. https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5067_0d6dcd01048f11927c1abfd0a160b01b.pdfدانشگاه کردستانفصلنامه مطالعات شهری2322-28752520130301The Comparison between Sohrab Sepehri's Poetry and Famous Environmentalists: Substantial Themes of City and Natureانطباق ماهوی میان مضامین شهر و طبیعت در اشعارسهراب سپهری با اندیشمندان حوزه طراحی محیطی73795068FAJournal Article20120906Concepts such as space, place and nature are important concerns to which poets frequently refer. Sohrab Sepehri, Nima Youshij and Shamlou are cases in point. Among contemporary poets who not only speak of nature and city aversion but also probe into city naturally and ecologically each in their own ways, Sohrab Sepehri is a prominent figure. His natural and ecological approach to the Iranian cities and villages conveys a different mode of thought. Mainly aiming at investigating Sepehri's perspective on city, this paper sets itself the task of exploring the similarities between his approach with environmental artists and designers. Far from the conflicts and struggles of the first and second decades of the contemporary era, the urban middle class has fully immersed itself in pastoralism, introversion, nostalgia, individualism, naturism, and social aversion to find a calm and relaxed refuge; hence, it looks for a poet that strikes a chord with their internal potentials and, in their longing for such as voice, they inevitably come to Sohrab Sepehri. Sohrab Sepehri's nostalgia for nature and city reminds us of the unknown environmental designers such as Macharg and Spirn in the 20 th century. Their positions on the importance of nature in the city and urban spaces introduce a new paradigm which is poetically and emotionally stated by Sohrab, too. His different attitude towards the urban nostalgia parallels the urban ecology and greenery. Sohrab's attention to the ecosystems and living structures in city and village reveals his different understanding and sentiment of nature. This main object of this paper is to investigate Sepehri's resemblances with contemporary unknown environmental artists and designers such as Macharg, Spirn and Turner regarding city and nature. The method used in this paper draws on content analysis to analyse Sohrab Sepehri’s works and poetry. Afterwards, Sohrab's poetry is, first, investigated and, then, the extracted main concepts and themes are classified into four categories. According to this method and due to his affinity with environmental designers', Sohrab's central standpoint towards the city and nature indicates a naturalist viewpoint. This paper show that Sohrab tries to stand aloof from his identity and the society around him, seeking not only a nostalgic utopia that is the symbol of peace, composure but also returning to nature and becoming intimate with it. Sepehri looks for both a utopia in which the windows are opened to expression and a city that all its elements are in essence acceptable. In addition, Sohrab’s writings are pervaded by hidden natural and ecological values whose basics are immanent principles settled by God in universe and nature. Eventually, Sepehri senses homesickness and regret stemming from city and the country conditions in his society. In his solitude and calmness of terrestrial natural beauties, he esteems identity and ecological values and talks about the connection between mankind and the environment. Moreover, another finding of this paper substantiates the relationship between literary domains and environmental areas as an interdisciplinary researches. Thus, doing researches that properly emphasize this connection can help this area.شاعران معاصر هر یک از زاویه دیدی خاص و نیز با دغدغه‌های بعضاً متفاوتی نسبت به وضعیت محیط‌های شهری محل زندگی خود، سخن رانده‌اند. مقولاتی همچون شهر، طبیعت، انسان ، محیط‌زیست، بوم، اجتماع و نظایر آن از جمله مهمترین مباحثی است که شاعران در لابلای اشعار خود بدان‌ها پرداخته‌اند. از میان شاعران معاصری که از طبیعت می‌گویند، از شهرگریزی دم می‌زنند و هر یک به نحوی از منظر طبیعت و اکولوژی به شهر می‌پردازند، سهراب سپهری چهره‌ای برجسته دارد. این مقاله با هدف واکاوی و تبیین نگاه سهراب سپهری به موضوعات شهر و طبیعت، تلاش دارد تا توجه ویژه وی را به مسائل و مشکلات زیست‌محیطی و بوم‌شناسانه جامعه ایرانی، نمایان سازد. بر این مبنا، این مقاله با روشی تفسیری _ تاریخی به تحلیل محتوای کیفی مضمون مبنا در متون و دیوان‌های اشعار سهراب سپهری می‌پردازد. یافته‌های این نوشتار نشان می‌دهد که در سروده‌های سهراب، ارزش‌های طبیعی و اکولوژی نهفته است. پارادایم‌ها و یا مضامین "ارتباط میان طبیعت وشهر"، "اکولوژی شهری و منظر"و " رویکرد روستا شهری" ، مهمترین مواردی‌اند که شاعر به بیان آنها می پردازد. https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_5068_3da346c2bf98b9865d0b244b8258aeaf.pdf