Motaleate Shahri

Urban Design

1. Tourist wayfinding tools with different levels of familiarity with the environment

toktam hanaee; Sanaz saeedi; shima abedi

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 3-12

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.636

Abstract

Familiarity with the destination environment plays an important role in tourism, and the more frequent tourists’ visits to the area, the greater their knowledge of the environment and, consequently, the easier for them to navigate around the place. Those unfamiliar with the environment should make ... Read More Familiarity with the destination environment plays an important role in tourism, and the more frequent tourists’ visits to the area, the greater their knowledge of the environment and, consequently, the easier for them to navigate around the place. Those unfamiliar with the environment should make sure that there are sufficient wayfinding aids, and that it will be clear for them how to reach their target sights by following the aids without getting lost. Use of various wayfinding tools can allow visitors to realize the overall spatial layout of the environment and the relationships between them. It is dependent on the user’s characteristics what types of tools are utilized in wayfinding. If tourists are confused at a part of a destination about how to find their way, they will lose incentives to visit it. The easier for tourists to identify the ways to their target sights in the environment, the more attractive the place to them, motivating them to be there in the environment. This study aimed to identify tourists’ specific wayfinding tools in the Paeen Khiaban neighborhood in the city of Mashhad, Iran. Tourists could have different levels of familiarity with the destination addressed in the case study, which could be categorized as an applied survey. The data were collected through field observations, questionnaires, and site visits. The sample size appropriate for a population of 359 people was calculated using Cochran’s formula. The statistical analyses were made using methods including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), dependent t-test, and the K2 test, used to prioritize the variables, and the significance levels of the indicators were analyzed using Duncan’s test. The results demonstrated that tourists more familiar with the destination used spatial orientation and representation, whereas those who were less familiar with the environment utilized the landmark strategy through recognition of the elements and identification of the location for wayfinding via points. The former group identified their direction through coordinates in a more general situation, while the latter group identified landmark points and followed them to the target place in smaller areas and through the points and the connections between the landmark and the situation. The tourists were interested in using visual guidelines for wayfinding, analyzing, learning, encoding, and processing them in their minds, and then selected the optimal route. Familiarity was effective in the selection of the type of wayfinding strategy and the use of a variety of wayfinding guidelines. Furthermore, the tourists considered the attractions in their choice of destinations, the walls and familiarity with the environment were the next most significant factors, and the signs and patterns on the route were also effective in the selection. The signs were very important to the tourists because the number of signs, locations, distances, designs, fonts and backgrounds, sizes, and heights affected readability. The guidelines and distinctive signs or visual cues at decision points along routes can help improve wayfinding.

Urban Planning

2. Typology of Foreign Tourists in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar Using Two-step Cluster Analysis: an Approach to Urban Planning

mohammad ghaffari; mohammad nematpour

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 13-26

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.880

Abstract

Market segmentation is a prerequisite of tourism planning success. Tourist segmentation based on psychological variables is in turn one of the most important, most operational methods in tourism market segmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical applied study was to segment the ... Read More Market segmentation is a prerequisite of tourism planning success. Tourist segmentation based on psychological variables is in turn one of the most important, most operational methods in tourism market segmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical applied study was to segment the tourism market of Tehran, Iran through identification of the travel incentives and lifestyle characteristics of inbound tourists visiting the ancient Grand Bazaar of the city. The research population consisted of inbound tourists who visited Tehran Grand Bazaar from March 2017 to May 2018. A sample of 394 tourists was selected from the population through convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire composed of 67 questions. To assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, content validity and Cronbach’s alpha were used. Data analysis was made in SPSS using factor analysis, cluster analysis, and K-square. To specify the number of samples required for factor analysis, the model presented by Everrit was used. In this study, fifteen incentive and lifestyle factors were identified, and four segments of inbound visitors were demonstrated. Based on the results of the analysis, the four clusters appeared to be appropriate, significant, and interpretational. To interpret and name the clusters, mean values were used. In accordance with the employed five-point Likert scale, mean values above or below 3.00 indicated the significance and insignificance of tourist incentive and lifestyle. The results demonstrated that the 394 respondents could be classified into four clusters: ideal seekers, behavioral fundamentalists, moderators, and special seekers. The cluster analysis indicated that the mean values for the factors relationship orientation, accessibility, special-seeking, self-valuation, conservativeness, cultural heritage, and occupational attachment were higher than 3.00 in all the clusters. This demonstrated that visitors in all the four segments were highly interested in interaction with other people, exploration of the local culture and the way of life therein, and visit to sights that their friends had never seen when traveling abroad. Specifically, ideal seekers would like to visit cultural and historic sites, to socialize with people, to do interesting activities, or to go the movies, the theater, an amusement park, a common party, or a festival or to a restaurant to have local cuisines. Behavioral fundamentalists included sociable, optimistic people interested in healthy, safe routines when traveling. Moderators exhibited moderate tendency to everything, but were unmotivated, careless buyers in their selection of products and services and their shopping behavior. Special seekers, who made up the second largest cluster in this study, were highly motivated and interested in exploration of different culture-nations, exposing themselves to different situations and interacting with other people. The results also indicated a significant positive relationship between demographic variables and clusters.

Urban GIS

3. Flood hazard mapping in Sanandaj using combined models of statistical index and evidential belief function

Mahnaz Azadtalab; Himan Shahabi; Ataollah Shirzadi; Kamran Chapi

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 27-40

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.801

Abstract

The flood is the second natural disaster in terms of the damage that it causes to human societies every year. At the same time, cities and population centers are exposed to the highest risk and potential for physical damage caused by flood events. The growing trend of floods in Iran in recent years indicates ... Read More The flood is the second natural disaster in terms of the damage that it causes to human societies every year. At the same time, cities and population centers are exposed to the highest risk and potential for physical damage caused by flood events. The growing trend of floods in Iran in recent years indicates that most parts of the country are at risk. According to the conducted studies, about forty large and small floods occur annually in different parts of the country. Since the flood is the most devastating disaster in the world and a serious threat to life, preparation of flood hazard maps is essential in identification of flood-sensitive areas, and is one of the first steps taken to reduce damage. It should be noted that researchers can easily identify areas with high risk using flood hazard maps to prevent damage. In the modeling of research on natural and environmental hazards such as floods, the complexity of natural systems makes it difficult to use physical models, highlighting the use of hybrid models as a suitable alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate methods and suggestions for estimation of runoff and flood in areas with high risk in order to prevent their occurrence. In recent years, a large number of statistical and probabilistic models have been used for flood hazard mapping, and GIS has been used as a basic analysis tool for spatial management and data manipulation due to its capability of managing large amounts of spatial data. Furthermore, it is possible using GIS prediction models to partition urban areas in terms of flood hazard. The obtained hazard maps can be used for identification of areas with high flood hazard. Today, the accuracy of flood susceptibility maps in urban areas can be increased using hybrid GIS models rather than single ones. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to predict the risk of flood in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran using hybrid models in the GIS environment. The factors considered in this study as influencing the occurrence of flood included inclination, slope, elevation, distance from the river, river density, flow accumulation, land use, gradient curvature, lithology, distance from the passage, road density, distance from the building, building density, and rainfall. After collecting the required data and layers, we used two algorithms, including the definitive statistical index (SI) and the evidential belief function (EBF), both in isolation and in combination. The locations of flood susceptibility in Sanandaj were predicted. In order to assess the performance of the model, the AUC curve obtained from the ROC curve was used. According to the adopted assessment criteria (ROC) and the validation data, the EBF model (0.840) exhibited better performance than the SI model (0.827) in flood hazard mapping in the area under investigation. The accuracy rate of the hybrid SI-EBF model was 0.849 based on the ROC results, which demonstrated that the hybrid model performed better in prediction of the spatial hazard of flood than the single models. Finally, the results of the study showed that Sanandaj flood spurts resulted from various environmental and human factors, which can be handled using flood hazard maps and appropriate management measures to reduce flood damage.

Urban Planning

4. Modeling Urban Land Use Allocation using Spatial Justice Approach Based on the Multi-Objective Optimization Methods

parvaneh jalerajabi; reza ahmadian; Zahra sadat saiedeh Zarabadi

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 41-54

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.998

Abstract

This research was conducted mainly to provide a method based on artificial intelligence algorithms in order to obtain optimal urban land use allocation, subjected to mathematical modeling from the perspective of spatial justice using multi-criteria decision analysis concepts, both parcel-based and floor-based. ... Read More This research was conducted mainly to provide a method based on artificial intelligence algorithms in order to obtain optimal urban land use allocation, subjected to mathematical modeling from the perspective of spatial justice using multi-criteria decision analysis concepts, both parcel-based and floor-based. For that purpose, objective functions were considered for land use allocation, including mixed use, suitability, dependency, compatibility, and access to services, in terms of both floors and neighbors. For achievement of the main purpose, parameters effective on urban land use planning were examined to optimize urban land use allocation from the spatial justice perspective. This led to a presentation and classification of the spatial parameters effective on land use allocation based on sustainability and, more specifically, spatial justice concerns. The main part of the research, named “land use allocation modeling with NSGA-II” focused on development of a land use allocation model and its optimization. The main stage in the modeling procedure was to adapt multi-objective optimization algorithms to land use allocation and, then, to define it as desired. The adaptation of the multi-objective optimization algorithm involved the definition of the solution structure, objective functions, and problem constraints and their calculation for use in the second version of the Non-dominant Genetic Ranking Algorithm (NSGA-II). The objective functions were defined based on criteria and indexes extracted in the second part of the research, including maximization of accessibility to the facilities, of service efficiency (compatibility), of mixed uses, of land suitability, and of spatial dependency. Moreover, seven constraints were introduced for land use allocation, including avoidance of allocating wasteland to the first floor of the parcel, allocation of a land use to the third floor provided that the second one already has a defined land use, possibility of land use allocation to various floors of the same parcel, consideration of maximum and minimum land parceling, avoidance of exceeding the per capita standards in neighborhoods and districts, and, finally, allocation of the necessary land uses to each of the neighborhoods. The models were then implemented, where the main purpose was to optimize urban land use allocation according to all the criteria and constraints. In other words, these criteria had to be defined in terms of the model objectives and with an extensive search space (many of the possible land use allocations) at the same time. Therefore, a set of solutions, which included Pareto front, i.e. optimal, solutions, was obtained rather than a single solution to the problem. As decision-makers prefer to examine the corresponding scenarios after introducing their own decision priorities, the AHP method was used finally after the optimal Pareto solutions were obtained for selection of one of the four possible land use allocations and its presentation in a land use plan given spatial justice concerns. For that purpose, weights were assigned to the objective functions based on spatial justice. Once the objective function values were normalized, the desired weights were multiplied by the normal values. After the calculation of total weight, the solutions corresponding to the objective functions being addressed were converted to land use plans in ArcGIS. The results of land use allocation in floors were compared to the actual conditions. It could be stated in general that the most important achievement of the study involved the introduction and presentation of an efficient model that was appropriate for addressing multi-criteria decision-making problems for allocation of urban land use. The presented model performs simultaneous optimization, and helps decision makers to select one desired solution from among multiple optimized ones according to their priorities, although it is in contradiction with some of the objective functions. The results of the model designed for land use allocation given spatial justice concerns improved the spatial distribution of facilities at the level of the area under study. Moreover, a quantitative evaluation of the allocation results demonstrated that the commercial, academic, health, sport, and cultural land uses were allocated properly per capita, increasing the level of enjoyment in neighborhoods across the area under investigation. Land use allocation, Spatial justice, Multi-objective optimization method, NSGA-II.

Urban Management

5. Evaluating the effects of health components on Choosing the Optimal rental Housing among Citizens of Shiraz

Malihe Taghipour; aliakbar heidari; maryam haghayegh

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 55-68

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.299

Abstract

The rapid population growth and transformation of apartments into the dominant form of urban residence have created new health issues in human life. The consequences, threatening residents’ health, include increase in vitamin D deficiency, overweight, decrease in physical health, social isolation ... Read More The rapid population growth and transformation of apartments into the dominant form of urban residence have created new health issues in human life. The consequences, threatening residents’ health, include increase in vitamin D deficiency, overweight, decrease in physical health, social isolation and a variety of social injuries, decrease in personal space, and decrease in mental health. From the World Health Organization’s point of view, health involves provision of three dimensions thereof at the same time: physical, mental, and social. In addition to the above, however, it seems that the economic index has a direct, immediate impact on individuals’ quality of life and health. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the three aspects of health in terms of the achievement of cooperation with the fields of architecture, medical science, psychology, and social sciences in the preferences of people with different economic conditions upon selection of apartments as housing and the priorities of the components from the three areas that influenced their selections. In this descriptive survey, SPSS 22 and AMOS 23 were used for data analysis, and Friedman test and ANOVA were employed to examine the hypotheses. The results indicated that individuals’ economic and livelihood conditions affected their preferences and concern for the three dimensions (physical, mental, and social) of health in the area of housing. It is noteworthy that economic conditions are considered today as a health-threatening factor, hence their great significance in health policies and disease prevention and intervention measures. Furthermore, the results obtained from the paper emphasized the need to consider the effects of the physical components of buildings on residents’ health, where a building could prevent the occurrence of disease in the residents and prevent an excessive amount of money from being spent for treatment. These findings can provide useful guidelines for policy-makers in the field of construction and social institutions influencing the promotion of modern urban living patterns. What is clear is that the current pattern of modern urban living and housing common in Iran is an obsolete model imported from other countries regardless of the psychological, physical, and social aspects of individuals’ lives. It therefore fails to meet the current requirements of the society, and can have harmful physical, psychological, and social effects in the long run. Modification of this model requires cooperation from medical and social scientists, psychologists, and architects and designers, development of regulations and construction standards, and cooperation from the relevant bodies (the municipality and engineering system) and medical, humanities, and social scientists. Based on the results of studies that have critically scrutinized the details of living in apartments, the organizations in charge of construction can also take important steps in establishment of laws and regulations that affect residents’ health to improve their quality of life. Based on the comprehensive dimensions of health, further achievements will hopefully be made in the construction industry and the design of residential units, so that people’s health will not be threatened by buildings, which can even have therapeutic properties.

Urban Management

6. Analysis of Institutional resilience structure for transition from crisis management to urban management resilience against earthquake (Case Study: Qazvin City)

Daryoush Ardalan; zohreh davoudpour; Keramatollah Ziari

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 69-84

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.349

Abstract

The high rates of financial and human loss in natural disasters (particularly in recent decades) have led various countries and organizations to seek effective theories in that regard. Since 2005 (the Hugo Summit), the issue of resilience has been pursued seriously, addressing the idea of empowering ... Read More The high rates of financial and human loss in natural disasters (particularly in recent decades) have led various countries and organizations to seek effective theories in that regard. Since 2005 (the Hugo Summit), the issue of resilience has been pursued seriously, addressing the idea of empowering cities to perform better in the event of an accident. Iran is a country where a large number of natural disasters occur, and the city of Qazvin is at constant risk of severe earthquakes, as indicated by research, due to the crossing of dangerous pressure faults in its northern part. In Iran, particularly in Qazvin, urban management has delegated responsibility for addressing disasters to a "crisis management headquarters." Given that the structure of the headquarters in Qazvin is similar to those of similar entities in cities with unsuccessful backgrounds of performance in addressing earthquakes in recent years, the main issue in this regard is how to change the structure of the headquarters so that it can perform more favorably upon earthquakes. This descriptive-analytical research considered the proposed headquarters structures and models as described in the UN documentations and those of countries having addressed such events successfully. Moreover, the variables and indicators examined in investigation of institutional resilience were identified. Qazvin’s crisis management headquarters was regarded as a dependent variable influenced by a number of independent variables, and its success depended on the conditions of those variables. In the analysis of the findings, the required factors were first identified according to the conditions of Qazvin through assessment of the variables and indicators using CVR (the content validity ratio). A survey was conducted of 30 urban planning experts, in which a total of 9 variables and 9 indicators were selected to obtain institutional resilience. A questionnaire was then prepared in the format of the Likert scale, where the questions were based on the tasks specified by the law for the different working groups at the headquarters and categorized on that basis, with the variable and the target index for each question specified. After a survey of 110 urban planning experts, the data were analyzed using SPSS. Using a Student’s t-test, the variables were assessed with different indicators for the headquarters under investigation. The results indicated a lack of concern for the 9 effective variables. Furthermore, a comparison of the structure of the headquarters to the models in use around the world demonstrated that it consisted of only two parts, including operating and administrative forces, unlike the successful models, which are composed of four main parts. It was also found that the above two departments of course need organizational reform. Thus, the headquarters needed to consider three measures to achieve institutional resilience. Firstly, the structure needed to be reformed to address the existing drawbacks. Secondly, the attitudes toward management needed to be changed from government to governance. Thirdly, equipment with new hardware and software technologies was needed for preparedness and prevention. The required measures in the above three areas should be taken simultaneously to exhibit the necessary effectiveness.

Urban Economy

7. Assessing the behavioral pattern of tourism supply and demand Based on the Changes of the Capitalist System (Case: Karaj City and Surrounding Villages)

mehdi Mododi Arkhudi; sajad ferdowsi

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 85-100

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.869

Abstract

Planning for development of tourism always requires concern for supply and demand. At the same time, tourism marketing relies particularly on knowledge of the characteristics of supply and demand. The significance of the present study could be explained by the issue of the changing world and its effects ... Read More Planning for development of tourism always requires concern for supply and demand. At the same time, tourism marketing relies particularly on knowledge of the characteristics of supply and demand. The significance of the present study could be explained by the issue of the changing world and its effects on tourism, where important changes have long been observed in tourism form the aspects of supply and demand, which accounts for the need to review the parallel management and marketing practices. Unlike studies that have been conducted so far, this research considered the results of the developments made in capitalism to assess the supply and demand behavior in tourism. This provided a useful theoretical framework for establishment of marketing activities for tourism development. For that purpose, the supply and demand behavior patterns in tourism were assessed based on the changes made in capitalism in the city of Karaj, Iran and the surrounding villages. The tourism demand dimension was defined using three components: planning, products, and characteristics. The dimension of tourism supply was defined as a combination of four economic components: planning, products, structure, and function. In addition, criteria were considered for each of the components of tourism supply and demand. The population of this quantitative research included experts in the field, also including the local community, who were surveyed as two categories: that of residents of Karaj and surrounding villages, as travel demanders, and that of travel companies in Karaj, as travel suppliers. The experts were sampled using the targeted and convenience sampling methods, the residents were sampled using the simple random sampling method, and the travel companies were sampled using the complete enumeration method. The findings of the study were presented in two broad phases. In the first phase, the method of analytic hierarchy process was used to specify the importance and priority of the factors based on the expert opinions. In the second phase, the scale of measurement and the formulation of the items were introduced for assessment of the criteria identified in tourism destinations, and two proposed maps were then used for description and analysis of the coefficients obtained from the assessment of the criteria. The results demonstrated that the behavior patterns of travel demanders were different from the residents of Karaj to those of the surrounding villages. Accordingly, the behavior of the latter group of residents was inclined to the characteristics of Fordism- post-Fordism tourism, with a weighted mean of 0.521, while the behavior pattern of the residents of Karaj exhibited inclination to the characteristics of post-Fordism tourism, with a weighted mean of 0.711. On the other hand, the behavior pattern of travel companies in Karaj was inclined to the characteristics of post-Fordism tourism, with a weighted mean of 0.751. Overall, the behavior pattern of tourism supply and demand in Karaj was assessed as post-Fordism. According to the above findings, marketing activities can be more effective, and tourism development planning can be directed as desired through identification and analysis of the characteristics of tourism supply and demand in the study areas.

Urban Sustainability

8. Dimensions and Indicators of the Happy City in Mashhad’s Neighborhoods (Case Studies: Tabarsee Fareq Altahsilan Neighborhoods)

Farshad Noorian; reza ghazi; seyed sajad abdullahpur

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 101-116

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.919

Abstract

Concern for happiness and its strategic dimensions plays a key role in provision of desirable environment quality in urban neighborhoods, ignorance of which is an issue with which cities, metropolises such as Mashhad, Iran in particular, are faced as a requirement for man to achieve sustainable urban ... Read More Concern for happiness and its strategic dimensions plays a key role in provision of desirable environment quality in urban neighborhoods, ignorance of which is an issue with which cities, metropolises such as Mashhad, Iran in particular, are faced as a requirement for man to achieve sustainable urban life. In recent decades, new and old developments have been made in Mashhad, and neighborhoods have been created that do not meet the desired level of quality, and suffer many problems such as lack of public areas, insecurity, lack of visual beauty, lack of local facilities, poor sense of belonging, environmental pollution, and inappropriate conditions for neighborhood relations. This has actually lowered the level of happiness and vitality as a missing, neglected factor in the citizens’ lives, highlighting the need for proper, happy environmental design. Among the newly-developed neighborhoods is the Fareghottahsilan neighborhood, and Tabarsi is one that has been developed long ago. The purpose of this study was to assess the dimensions and indicators of happiness in old and new areas of Mashhad with different characteristics, to identify the dimensions and indicators of a happy city to solve the problems in urban neighborhoods fundamentally and efficiently towards achievement of greater sustainability in local communities. The present applied-developmental, quantitative, descriptive-analytical research was based on library studies. 320 citizens were randomly selected from among the residents of the Tabarsi and Fareghottahsilan neighborhoods to fill out the questionnaires. Data analysis was made in SPSS using statistical tests including Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Spearman, Chi-square and Cramér’s coefficient. According to the results of the analysis, it was only the physical dimension among those of happiness that exhibited relatively favorable conditions only in the Fareghottahsilan neighborhood (3.22), and both neighborhoods had unfavorable conditions in the other dimensions. Moreover, a significant difference was found between the indicators of happiness in the old and new neighborhoods. Another finding was that the average rate of happiness in the Fareghottahsilan neighborhood (167.90) was higher than that in Tabarsi (135.45), which demonstrated that the residents of the new neighborhood were happier than those of the old neighborhood, but the difference between the two in terms of happiness was not big. Happiness was positively related to income, residence ownership, ethnicity, employment, marital status, and family size, and it was negatively related to age. Finally, the greatest correlations with happiness and vitality were observed for job security in both neighborhoods from an economic perspective, level of safety and quality of lighting in the old neighborhood and access to green spaces and quality of water spaces in the new neighborhood from a physical perspective, level of security in the old neighborhood and participation in local celebrations and participation in solving the problems in the new neighborhood from a social perspective.

Urban Planning

9. Assessing the adaptation of urban spaces for persons with disabilities in Ardabil

Arastoo Yari hesar; samira saeidi zarangi; zhila Farzane sadat zaranji; Hadi eskandarieynadin

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 117-132

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.746

Abstract

Individuals’ characteristics and those of age, sex, and social groups should help provide a safe, healthy, sustainable, and attractive environment that can properly respond to the different needs of all groups in the community. The population of the disabled, including people with physical and ... Read More Individuals’ characteristics and those of age, sex, and social groups should help provide a safe, healthy, sustainable, and attractive environment that can properly respond to the different needs of all groups in the community. The population of the disabled, including people with physical and mobility disabilities, is among those who are deprived of ordinary lives, and the social planning system has led them to physical and social seclusion. All around the world, people with physical and mobility disabilities constitute a significant part of the population who, like other people, should be able to move around the city to satisfy their needs, strive, and not be deprived of their right to live a social life. It is a necessity for the development of the society to adapt urban spaces in order to provide all individuals and segments of the society with equal opportunities to move around the city and access all urban spaces. According to Article 5 of the Charter of Civil Rights of the Iranian Government, all the disabled and the elderly hold the right to benefit from medical and rehabilitation facilities for recovery or empowerment to be able to live independently and participate in different aspects of life. The research population included 4430 disabled people (physically disabled, blind, or partially sighted) in the city of Ardabil, Iran. Sample size was estimated to be 354 using Cochran’s formula, and a questionnaire was distributed among as many disabled participants and filled out. Interview methods were used for the blind and visually impaired who were not able to fill out the questionnaire. The sampling method employed in the study was simple random sampling, and data analysis was performed in SPSS using one-sample t-test and analysis of variance. As members of the society, the disabled have rights and entitlements that must be taken into account. One such issue concerns the design and adaptation of urban spaces for this group. If a disabled citizen is unable to access the places he needs to visit due to inappropriate urban spaces, he will be faced with many problems and barriers. The results of this study demonstrated that the physical zone of Ardabil, sidewalks, and construction equipment could not be used by the disabled. Urban administrators and officials have tried to adapt urban spaces by observing relevant principles in the central part of the city. On average, the status of the indicators was better in the group with physical and mobility impairment than in the blind. For example, the physical and socio-economic indicators exhibited higher averages in the group with physical and mobility impairment than in the blind. Although there were employment restrictions in both groups, they were more common among the blind and visually impaired. Furthermore, higher transportation costs were imposed on the blind and visually impaired than on those with physical and mobility disabilities. Despite the measures taken to adapt the environment for the active presence of the physically disabled and the blind, it is still impossible in the current socio-economic and physical conditions to adequately meet the needs of the disabled. Moreover, the urban management authorities in Ardabil have not formulated a clear plan for adaptation of urban spaces, and have therefore failed to exhibit acceptable performance in the field.

Urban Planning

10. Evaluating the Quality of Urban Development Plans in Mid-sized and Large Cities in Iran

Mohammad Mahdi Ghajar Khosravi; Gholam Reza Haghighat Naeeni

Volume 9, Issue 36 , Autumn 2020, Pages 133-145

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.589

Abstract

The position and importance of urban development plans and their evaluation through various methods remains a significant issue in theoretical and practical areas. Plan quality evaluation is known as an emerging methodology for examination of whether a plan holds certain desirable features, and is aimed ... Read More The position and importance of urban development plans and their evaluation through various methods remains a significant issue in theoretical and practical areas. Plan quality evaluation is known as an emerging methodology for examination of whether a plan holds certain desirable features, and is aimed at answering questions about the suitability of plans and application of methods and theories of planning and their strengths and weaknesses with respect to the ideal conditions in different fields. During the past two decades, researchers have successfully formulated a conceptual consensus based on the preliminary principles of plan quality. The purpose of this study was to introduce concepts and methods for plan quality evaluation and to present an appropriate systematic conceptual model for quality evaluation of urban development plans in Iran. For specification of the theoretical framework of this explanatory-analytical research, a range of methods and studies related to the subject were comprehensively examined and analyzed, and the consequent appropriate model for evaluation of the quality of urban development plans in Iran was clearly established and adapted to the entire country. A conceptual model for evaluating the quality of comprehensive plans consists of seven basic components (factual basis, analysis and inference, plans and programs, implementation, inter-organizational coordination, presentation, and planning methods) and three progressive components (participation, sustainable development, and monitoring and evaluation). This study evaluated 29 plans from medium-sized Iranian cities and 5 from large ones. The results demonstrated that the overall quality score of the comprehensive plans in both groups was moderate (The average score was 4.95 out of 10). Among the seven basic components of plan quality, factual basis, analysis and inference, organization, and presentation exhibited proper conditions, and the components of plans and programs, inter-organizational coordination, implementation, and planning methods were found to be inappropriate. The progressive component of sustainable development exhibited potentials for advancement despite the low score, while participation and monitoring and evaluation were generally disregarded in the plans. The findings also indicated the incapability of the plans (at least in the present conditions) of correctly completing the planning process. The most important drawbacks of the plans included the reduction of the capability of presenting and implementing the plans and the lack of a mechanism for monitoring and evaluating them. Among all the evaluated plans, the plan from the city of Rasht was identified as the best, followed by those of Mahabad, Bojnord, Amol, Sabzevar, Kerman, and Birjand, all of which could be regarded as plans with potentials for advancement. In a study of the internal consistency of the plan components, plans and programs was found to be the most important, most influential component of plan quality, which could be considered as the main indicator of comprehensive plan quality. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the plan quality of the large and medium-sized cities. However, the quality of the plans has increased over the past two decades, and the dates of their approval were found to be effective on their quality. The future conditions of plan quality in the country seem to be promising, and better quality is expected to be provided by the urban development plans. Future plans are likely to be capable of addressing issues such as justice in urban development, environmental quality, transportation, and sustainability. This study sought to provide incentives for reconsideration of how plans are developed and to prevent discouragement of planners and unnecessary underestimation of their ability to inject creativity, new methods, and new planning challenges into their plans, so that they can present better plans to which they are committed. The value of the capacity to assess the quality of plans in order to highlight their strengths and weaknesses in analysis of the controversial or innovative effects of urban development plans and land use planning in various fields was demonstrated in this research, requiring those in charge of development and implementation of plans to have greater concern for to their quality indicators.

Urban Design

1. The evaluation of environmental quality factors on the Behavioral patterns in urban parks- Case study: Mardom park of Hamadan City

a l; ا س

Volume 3, Issue 11 , Summer 2014, , Pages 3-18

Abstract

Nowadays, a faster pace of changes and transformations in different phenomena such people's lifestyles has meant changes in their thinking and needs also. Since people’s lifestyles are more oriented toward isolation, it is more important to reflect at their lives collectively. People's need for ... Read More Nowadays, a faster pace of changes and transformations in different phenomena such people's lifestyles has meant changes in their thinking and needs also. Since people’s lifestyles are more oriented toward isolation, it is more important to reflect at their lives collectively. People's need for places of social interaction and meeting psychological needs have become one of the requirements of urban life. Public spaces are the only spaces where all citizens of every class, age, race, and association have the right to use without any limitation. Environmental quality of urban public spaces is one of the focuses of recent urbanism research and attempting to create an urban public space that meets users desires behavior has always been considered as one of the main strategies of urban projects. Urban parks as a part of public spaces in cities have a fundamental role in resolving human needs. Most urban theorists believe that urban parks are one of the main components of an urban system because in addition to their functional role they increase socialization in urban spaces. Thus, in order to make these spaces more dynamic and to meet the needs of the people, the behaviors shaping the spaces should be noted and examined. Since most parks’ compliance with the needs of users and environmental qualities is, there is a need for a systematic program based on the behavior of users. Furthermore, issues such as neglect of social values, cultural - identity values, and the neglect of physical and structural values have lead to the formation of public spaces that do not meet people’s needs in urban areas. In addition, neglecting to improve the environmental quality of urban public spaces such as urban parks, not taking into account the effective qualities of urban transportation and connections, and the exclusive emphasis on the subjective perception by urban planners and designers has resulted in the formation of urban areas which does not have the capacity to be responsive and flexible in the accordance with people’s expectations and behaviours. For the purposes of this research, Mardom Park in the city of Hamadan was selected as a case study. This study aims to identify and assess the stimulants and patterns of user behavior in terms of their needs and the environmental quality of urban parks. This study was based on fieldwork with a cross-sectional approach and seeks to answer the following question: “what effects do behavioral patterns and domains have on improving the environmental quality of urban parks?” In this study, in order to provide a conceptual framework document-based research was carried out, theoretical issues explored in detail and then analyzed using existing approaches. For this purpose, in addition to the qualitative analysis of urban spaces and behaviors formed in space because of spatial characteristics, quantitative analysis of indicators using questionnaires was used. The quantitative indicators was analyzed by SPSS. The results show that the quality and amount of the influence of environmental quality factors on the quality of activities, which are primarily behaviors or behavioral patterns, are not the same. In addition, the analyses outcomes show direct influence of behavior on environmental quality and environmental quality on behavior. The results indicate on the one hand, human needs are the outcome of behaviorial influences on space and environment and the ability of underlying environment. On the other hand, enhancement of environmental quality and influence of environmental factors on areas and behaviorial patterns in urban parks are not only a quantitative and technical concepts.

Urban Planning

2. Social Capital and Urban Sustainability

غ خ; ظ ظ; ش ی

Volume 2, Issue 8 , Autumn 2013, , Pages 31-46

Abstract

Urban Design

3. Analysis of Factors Affecting the Improvement of Pedestrian Walkway Spatial Quality and Pedestrian-oriented Spaces, in order to Increase the Social Interactions Level of People (The case study: Tarbiat & Valiasr axis, Tabriz metropolitan)

Volume 1, Issue 4 , Winter 2012, , Pages 95-104

Abstract

With the onset of industry revolution, automobile invention and development of cities, the pedestrian and pedestrian-oriented spaces and urban spaces role priority gradually faded and the quality of urban public spaces, urban open spaces, and the pedestrian walkways decreased. Lack of pedestrian-oriented ... Read More With the onset of industry revolution, automobile invention and development of cities, the pedestrian and pedestrian-oriented spaces and urban spaces role priority gradually faded and the quality of urban public spaces, urban open spaces, and the pedestrian walkways decreased. Lack of pedestrian-oriented spaces and current low quality pedestrian spaces affect citizens' social interactions in contemporary metropolitans. Pedestrianism is a part of daily journey and activity of citizens in metropolitans, however, pedestrians' need and security is ignored in current cities. In doing so, majority of current urban spaces in our cities are defined as road way, where the presence of automobile is preferred on designs of high-quality and appropriate pedestrian-oriented spaces. Nevertheless, these spaces play an essential role in increasing contacts and citizens’ social interaction level. In this regard, ignoring human scale and the pedestrians' needs are the problems ahead. Lack of quality in pedestrian-oriented open spaces has led to poor citizens’ presence and social interactions. Hence, identifying factors affecting the quality of mentioned spaces for meeting citizens’ needs and increasing the presence and social interaction level is more important than before. Tabriz metropolitan is not an exception either. Having more roadway spaces compared with pedestrian-oriented way has made the life difficult for the citizens. By conducting rigorous literature review, the study derived influential factors forming theoretical framework of the research (including factors affecting urban pedestrian-oriented spatial quality: vitality, legibility, security, and permeability factors). Research utilized mixed-method approach, where aforementioned influential factors extracted from literature review, formed the qualitative part of the study. In the quantitative part used as the validity of the research, Tarbiat & Valiasr axes in Tabriz metropolitan were studied and evaluated. In other words, the study examined the verification of extracted theoretical framework from literature review, through conducting a survey in quantitative part. In this regard, a questionnaire was used to gather the data about pedestrian-oriented spatial quality and citizens’ satisfaction of the mentioned spaces. G*POWER software and Cochran sampling technique were used to calculate the sample size of the study. Ultimately, using SPSS software the data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods. This study indicated that vitality, legibility, and permeability factors, the main factors of urban spaces qualities, play an important role in Tabrizian citizens’ satisfaction of pedestrian-oriented spaces. The finding of this research can be utilized for designing more sociable and friendly atmosphere pedestrian-oriented spaces, where citizens' social interactions are concentrated.

4. Identification of factors influencing urban facade's design with an emphasis on aesthetics and ecological dimensions Case study: Valiasr (a.s.) Street –Free Region of Qeshm

m kh; m m; f j; k a

Volume 3, Issue 10 , Spring 2014, , Pages 15-26

Abstract

Outward-oriented architecture has a short history in Iran and the history of establishment of outward-oriented buildings placed next to one another in the margin of a phenomenon called street is even shorter. Urban facades are considered as the most influential elements affecting the quality of urban ... Read More Outward-oriented architecture has a short history in Iran and the history of establishment of outward-oriented buildings placed next to one another in the margin of a phenomenon called street is even shorter. Urban facades are considered as the most influential elements affecting the quality of urban spaces, the modification of which can enhance the aesthetic qualities of the city. In recent decades, developments whether in materials, variety of styles or acceleration in construction have resulted in addressing the issue of façade and reorganization of urban facades. A review into the objectives of the study shows that the urban landscape aesthetic and environmental goals are essential in realizing the desired landscape. Therefore, urban facades as an example of urban micro perspective are not an exception to this rule. The goal of the present research is to address special characteristics of Qeshm city with an emphasis on aesthetical and ecological dimensions and identifying effective factors in the design of urban facades in Vali-e Asr Street in Qeshm as the most prominent street of that city. Looking at the landscape and urban facades of Qeshm Island as well as other cities and metropolises which meet the functional characteristics at national and international levels, it is evident that these urban facades are not in good aesthetical and ecological conditions. This emphasizes the importance and necessity of the present research. It should be noted that method used in the aforesaid research is an analytical-applied one. A surveying method was used in field studies. Data collection was based on field observations and a questionnaire survey of experts and users examining data dispersion indices of the data under study. The questionnaires were randomly (with an in-depth interview) distributed among different segments of the island at different hours. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed using SPSS-20 software. Findings regarding the the viewpoints of people and experts of the aesthetical dimension are presented. The index includes the following criteria as evaluation priorities in aesthetic (façade) beauty: proportions, cleanliness, balance and order in aesthetical dimension and attachment to place, meaningfulness, serenity, legibility and mental attraction in subjective dimension. From an ecological view, indices such as material resistance against moisture, green space to provide heat comfort, resistant materials against heat and green and oxygen generator walls are priorities in the design of urban facades according to experts. In conclusion, understanding priorities in the aesthetical and ecological points of view, a desirable urban perspective can be created. It can be stated in a general survey that it is important to address ecological and aesthetical dimensions in the design of urban facades.

Urban Planning

5. Physical–EnviromentalRehabilitaion Of The Central Core Of City Textures ,Toward Urban Sustainable Development (Case Study: Centeral Texture Of The Khorramabad City)

z m; h sh; a r

Volume 2, Issue 7 , Summer 2013, , Pages 73-88

Abstract

Abstract: The history of the old city centers , due to the geographical center , easy access , and feature historic center of economic gravity - the cultural potentials are high , despite the positive features of downtown , the texture of physical problems ( exhaustion ),environmental problems , in the ... Read More Abstract: The history of the old city centers , due to the geographical center , easy access , and feature historic center of economic gravity - the cultural potentials are high , despite the positive features of downtown , the texture of physical problems ( exhaustion ),environmental problems , in the context of complexity and poor infrastructure suffer. With such a central feature of the city center is the city of Khorramabad The core fabric of the city is mostly worn and in need of restructuring andRehabilitation. The main objective of this research is to broaden the scope of the problem in this context the following objectives of sustainable development is the development of these tissues . In this regard, research on how to achieve physical and environmental dimensions of sustainable development in the context of Rehabilitation core has Khorramabad. The purpose of this study applied descriptive - survey is to introduce the basic concepts and methods of data collection in the library and in the documentation gathered through field studies (questionnaires, interviews and observation's). Methods This study was a descriptive - survey and data collection documents two studies and field) Interview questionnaires and observation's (Population of residents part of the fabric core with a population of over 2797 people in Khorramabad are. According to consider the characteristics of the economical, social , physical and environmental scope of the case study and data analysis of the combined AHP-SWOT methods, the results of the final evaluation of SWOT within the AHP model shows that in the group of strengths , the existence of valuable historical element ( final weight ,./ 272) , existence of activity axis along the Imam Khomeini and Shohada streets ( final weight , ./176 ) and easy access to other parts of the city ( final weight , ./134) are the most important strengths and low quality buildings ( final weight ,./206 ) , microlithic parts ( final weight , ./161) and the narrow and impermeable streets ( final weight , ./135) are the most important weaknesses . However, the high potential of uncultivated area ( final weight ,./ 239) , the potential of constructing tourism spaces ( final weight , ./183 ) and the historical area and promoting an inclusive culture ( final weight , ./139 ) in series are the most important opportunities of the case study, also neglecting adapt to changing demands (final weight ,./266 ) , insecurity and impermeability passages ( final weight , ./194 ) and not defining public open space in quarters ( the final weight ,./143) are the most important threas to the desired range .The overall results indicate that most physical problems and After that, the environmental problems ,economic problems , management problems, social problems , most of it is devoted to . Well as the physical aspects of, poor quality buildings , including the most difficult passages microlithic parts and impermeable tissue study.are . According to final analysis,in this study pivotal offers in order to exploit these strengths, opportunities, reducing weaknesses and threats in the form of SWOT model key strategies for improving the old texture of the city of Khorramabad in the text has been stated in detail which the components of sustainable urban development have been applied.To achieve the goal of sustainable urban development in the sustainable urban development will be stable with a high quality of life for all residents. Thus, in order to improve the quality of life offered as a guide decisions on development strategies, planning and creating new instruments of communication between decision-making factors, decision making and enforcement of the emphasis is.

Urban Design

1. Urban design: from Reviewing the Process to realization of product Towards an Incremental Process of Urban Design

Farshad Nourian; Behnaz Aminzadeh; Mazyar Abaee

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 January 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.464

Abstract

As it is shown in many recent research, developing evaluation of urban design projects from the design, economic, and social point of views, such projects have failed to accomplish their stated goals. Theoretically, this appears to be the result of a theory-practice dichotomy in urban Knowledge. In this ... Read More As it is shown in many recent research, developing evaluation of urban design projects from the design, economic, and social point of views, such projects have failed to accomplish their stated goals. Theoretically, this appears to be the result of a theory-practice dichotomy in urban Knowledge. In this paper urban design process, the main element of urban design knowledge base is reviewed and its relation to realization of project is analyzed theoretically There has been, however, a dip in comprehensive research work about the “urban design process” since the 1990s.Although there are a number of different parameters which affect the implementation of designed urban projects, it can be said that the urban design process itself may play a major role in the end product. Hence, the question is that what could be the relation between the urban design process and on-the-ground project realization? In this regard urban design process is reviewed in theoretical context of urban design discipline and challenges of realization of projects are seen in trilogy of theory, practice and implementation. A complementary question is that whether we can manipulate the urban design process in such that the stated “design goals” can be achieved and the projects can be realized as intended To answer these questions, we first present a review of the literature on urban design process and, next, we discuss the results of our examination of a number of implemented urban design projects - using interpretative approach - in order to find clues about the manner to handle the urban design process and to solve the theory-practice dichotomy of urban design itself. This review is led to a theoretical framework which within a process is defined to increase realization of projects. The suggested process, incremental process of urban design, joined the implementation phase in classical phases of urban design process, study, analysis and design. The incremental process sees the phases neither linear nor spiral but as a coal which is depended on implementation. The suggested process, incremental process of urban design, joined the implementation phase in classical phases of urban design process, study, analysis and design. The incremental process sees the phases neither linear nor spiral but as a coal which is depended on implementation. Methodologically, the research deals with many unknown subjects and undefined parameters. Thus, it may not be possible to develop a certain theoretical framework with a clear list of measurable criteria which can meet the research goals through a classified research method. In this paper, methods which deal with are used. Our literature review results in a framework which points to a part of a relationship between the subject matters. This framework, however, is not exhaustive because our research does not rely on quantitative measurements and focuses on experiencing the subject. Such an experience clarifies the parameters and their relations through direct contact with research domain. Therefore, the research is bounded by qualitative research. Due to uncertainties of subjects, a theoretical interpretation of literature is done based on qualitative research methods to make a framework for experimental approach to the subject. Action research method has led us to calibration of the framework, making it more realistic. Methodologically this paper uses action research in a project in designing south Kan area in Tehran to describe the process of increasing realization of project based on incremental process. Also in this paper as testator documents of another project, Abbas Abad area master plan, is analyzed based on content analysis to show weakness of classic design process to reach realization of projects. Here, the master plan for Abbas Abad region in Tehran is our case. We use this project as the subject of our content analysis. This project is studied through its documents, i.e. reports, administrative letters and proceedings. Proceedings are based on meetings of cultural committee and technical committee of Abbas Abad. Next, another project – i.e. “designing south Kan area” - is used as a case study which is actually implemented on the ground. Generalization of incremental process can be explained theoretically but experimental proof of it needs more case studies and several and repeated experimental application of process. Experimental application of the method can calibrate the framework to a more realistic one. The result of theoretical explanation is the general format of the process which its several applications as a priory model can make it change though time to become a more complete model, other models or derivations of the model.

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Urban Design

2. Functional explanation and identification of values of river‏ ‏‎ oriented public places from the ‎perspective of urban design (Case studies: Ardebil, Isfahan, Ahwaz, Rasht) ‎

Seyed Mojtaba Safdarnejad; Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour; Mostafa Behzadfar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 January 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.532

Abstract

Objectives: The rivers, through their various roles and functions, have various values and qualities ‎for humans and human habitats, and directly or indirectly, impact on the quality of life of human ‎beings. Lifestyle changes in societies, unawareness of rivers dimensions, and one-dimensional ... Read More Objectives: The rivers, through their various roles and functions, have various values and qualities ‎for humans and human habitats, and directly or indirectly, impact on the quality of life of human ‎beings. Lifestyle changes in societies, unawareness of rivers dimensions, and one-dimensional attitude ‎and development, have damaged these natural phenomena and made them unsustainable. This ‎research attempts to remind the dimensions and importance of rivers and their active protection ‎during development, the necessity of a comprehensive view of the river and how to use the river as ‎the main driver of public space in the framework of urban design to transform them into sustainable ‎space.‎Findings: This Developmental-applied research has selected a Fusion Research approach and has ‎utilized library-based studies and field studies to collect data. This research, by selecting a case study ‎method, utilizes semi-structured observation and interviews in field studies of rivers in the cities of ‎Ardebil, Isfahan, Ahwaz and Rasht. To analyze the data, quantitative statistical analysis (descriptive and ‎inferential) were used along with qualitative analysis (tabulation, categorization, supply) and the ‎validity of the results is verified based on the guaranteed assurance in qualitative cases, as well as the ‎Krone-Bach Alpha in quantitative analysis. ‎This research establishes the roles and functions/values and qualities of the river in the form of ‎constituent components and study disciplines of environmental/ecological, physical/spatial, functional, ‎economic, social/cultural, perceptual, psychological, legal, etc. and shows the field of studying in ‎various sciences.‎Results: The results demonstrate that any river-related development should be conducted with a ‎comprehensive view of the dimensions of the river, and the use of the river as a public space requires ‎special conditions. Furthermore, paying attention to water and its impacts and its characteristics (the ‎river-based approach), as the most important factor in the distinction of the river-based public places, ‎should be considered in river-based planning by adopting approaches in the areas including activities ‎and functions. The applications of this research include urban design, integration of river planning and ‎management, river-based sustainable planning and sustainable regeneration of rivers.‎

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Urban Management

3. Identifying Technology Acceptance Constructs in Municiplity by the Grounded Theory Method

sharifeh sargolzaei; mahmoud mohamdi; Reza Mokhtari. M.A.; Gholam Reza Shiran

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 January 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.874

Abstract

Following the introduction of the concept of smart city, the development of the application of new technologies in urban management and planning has been widely pursued by many organizations. Many research projects have been undertaken to identify constructs of acceptance and application of technology. ... Read More Following the introduction of the concept of smart city, the development of the application of new technologies in urban management and planning has been widely pursued by many organizations. Many research projects have been undertaken to identify constructs of acceptance and application of technology. However, very few research projects have studied technology acceptance at organizational level. Among these few research projects focusing on effective factors in technology acceptance at an organizational level, very few of them have paid attention to constructs of technology acceptance in non-governmental organizations in developing countries. Therefore, the effective constructs on technology acceptance in municipality as a non-governmental organization in Iran have not been precisely identified. This can make it difficult to use technology in municipality or even render the efforts unsuccessful in doing so. As a result, conducting a comprehensive research in this area seemed mandatory. Consequently, the objective of this research was to identify the effective factors in technology acceptance in Isfahan municipality as a non-governmental organization. Because of the subject of the research and its statistical population, the grounded theory was used. This method is one of the most efficient choices in qualitative research. To do this, a semi-structured questionnaire was designed based on our review of the literature and used to interview managers and senior experts in Isfahan municipality. The results of the interviews were inserted in Atlas.ti software in the form of textual data and were analyzed by line by line method. Coding methods were employed to identify effective categories and dimensions and their inter-relations. The results showed that 23 categories are effective in technology acceptance in Isfahan municipality which can further be classified into eight major groups. These groups include background, causative, technical, encouraging, deterrent, moderating, decision-making, and finally consequential categories. The results of this study are particularly important for managers, urban planners, and researchers studying technology acceptance with a smart city approach. The findings of this study can be effective in facilitating the process of making cities smart with a focus on municipalities. Also the constructs presented in this research can be tested using quantitative methods in future research projects.

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Urban Planning

4. Identification of Factors Influencing Land Readjustment Process in Urban Distressed Areas (Case study: Shiraz City)

fahimeh Namvar Haghighi Shirazi Fard; khalil Hajipour; Amir Hosein Shabani; mahmoud mohammadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 January 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2022.915

Abstract

In recent decades the increasing growth and development of cities have transformed agricultural lands,increased urban services costs and led urban expansion. Also, the deterioration of urban neighborhoods and suburbs due to the lack of willingness of people to live in these neighborhoods, the decline ... Read More In recent decades the increasing growth and development of cities have transformed agricultural lands,increased urban services costs and led urban expansion. Also, the deterioration of urban neighborhoods and suburbs due to the lack of willingness of people to live in these neighborhoods, the decline in investment in old neighborhoods, and the reduction of capacity to keep people and decline in quality of life. With 1,700 hectaresof distressed areas, Shiraz is no exception andhas the same problem. For this purpose, urban growth management policies are used that one of these policies is Land Readjustment (LR). It is necessary to identify and classifythe legal, institutional, economic, social and local factors influencing Land Readjustment in order to have an effective and sufficient Land Readjustment. Thus,this study aims to identify the key factors influencing the land readjustment process in distressed areas and to examine the cause and effect relations through Interpretative Structural Model in order to understand the most important variables in the implementation process. This could be a guide for urban management in achieving infill development by stimulating and implementing the most important variables and, consequently, increasing the possibility of the entire land readjustment project. For this purpose, two-step Delphi questionnaire from 17 experts of urban affairs of Shiraz city have been used. Findings reveal that the two variables definingthe laws related to the residents' and owners' protests regarding the urban design, before, during and after itsexecution and enacting the laws related to the payment of the probable indemnityto the residents, if they do not want to participate are considered as ones increasing the system risk because each legislation without fairly taking into consideration the owners' interestsmay be an obstacle in the system and decreases the partnership tendency of owners and residents. Major organizational-institutional variables such as the partnership of the local government through intermediate and facilitator institutes, law-abiding local government and attention to individual and social justice in the local government play an important role in the implementation of land readjustment and impact on other variables. Because these variables, in fact, link the social variables to the executable variables, and provide a framework for correct implementation, such as the bridge, to meet the people's needs.Besides, the possible partnership of the local government through intermediate and facilitator institutes is one of the most effective and most impressive variables, so this variable plays a key and strategic role. This means that the key to the implementation of land readjustment in the worn-out tissues and to solve their problems is to create an intermediary entity to hear the demands and opinions of the people. Also, other strategic variables in land readjustment in worn-out tissues are attention to individual and social justice in the local government, strategic view and flexibility of the local government, defining the tangible and approachable targets and assessing appropriately the land price before and after the execution. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously examine the variables during both the design preparation and LR execution in the distressed area. All of these variables are eitherdirectly in connection with the local government or done by the local government indicating the importance of city authorities’ policy-makingand employing experienced and expertlabor force.

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Urban Planning

5. A post-implementation assessment of flagship developments impacts on urban neighborhoods: Case study, of Godal- Mosalla neighborhood, Yazd city, Iran

Mohammad Mehdi Azizi; Bahare Bahra

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 January 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.172

Abstract

Abstract: Urban development with the development of inner neighborhoods is an attempt to restore urban life to the deteriorated areas of cities. In order to facilitate this process, planning and implementation of flagship development has been considered as one of the policies used to urban neighborhoods ... Read More Abstract: Urban development with the development of inner neighborhoods is an attempt to restore urban life to the deteriorated areas of cities. In order to facilitate this process, planning and implementation of flagship development has been considered as one of the policies used to urban neighborhoods regeneration and provide the necessary basis for the residents and attention to different dimensions of development. Regeneration of historical and deteriorated areas of cities has been noted in recent urban planning literature worldwide. Inefficiency is a distinguished problem in historical and deteriorated urban areas where the possibility of updating and spontaneous changing has disappeared. Similar to many other countries, current process of extension of urban deteriorated area in Iran indicates that problems will be complicated, if we do not apply any precautionary measures, suitable policies, planning and action plans. In this regard, one solution has been implementation of flagship developments. One of the main objectives of flagship developments is to achieve urban regeneration goals; an approach that is used as a comprehensive strategy for applying some positive changes in one place that have signs of deterioration. It considers quality improvement, with integrated goals of economic, social and physical topics. This strategy is used in order to improve a place that is in the process of decaying and deteriorating, but advocators of flagship development have unanimity in this subject, which one zone of urban won't achieve regeneration without such projects; Because, flagship developments caused a series of reactions that will be finished to regeneration of urban fabric. On the other hand, it is not true that we hope to achieve development in the vast area of urban just by relying on this project because many projects in all around the world could not achieve their main goal that was regenerating a decaying fabric. Since Throughout the urban regeneration process, from the stage of problem identification to implementation of projects and the review of the decision-making process, it is possible through evaluation; therefore, the present study, with the elaboration of mobility and development indicators, has developed into an appropriate and generalizable structure for assessing the impact of flagship development and catalyst projects after implementation at the neighborhood level. It evaluates the effects of an example of these projects in the Gudal Mosalla neighborhood in the historical city of Yazd. After finding 25 evaluation indicators related to urban regeneration and flagship development from valid world literature and practical experiences and analysis of secondary data on 93 urban blocks of the Godal Mosalla neighborhood in SPSS21 software, the final results were obtained. As a research method in this study, the method of regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of each index on each factor and the matrix of impact assessment that named Leopold – Makhdoom was used to evaluation after the implementation of the flagship development and the neighborhood regeneration. The research findings show that the project of the Faculty of Arts and Architecture of Yazd has some effects on the physical parameter, then the residential parameter and eventually on the activity parameter at the level of the Godal Mosalla neighborhood and this project can be verified by providing corrective options as a positive flagship development.

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Urban Scape

6. Explaining the relation model of urban views and the desirability of emotional responses of Sanandaj citizens with the grounded theory approach

Mohammad Azad Ahmadi; Mehrdad Karimimoshaver; Saeid Alitajer

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 January 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.416

Abstract

The appearance of a city can, to a large extent, influence the creation of good or bad feelings depending on the structure and characteristics of the physical elements of the city. Citizens will remember a city with an image of urban spaces, especially its streets and squares, or some views, and it is ... Read More The appearance of a city can, to a large extent, influence the creation of good or bad feelings depending on the structure and characteristics of the physical elements of the city. Citizens will remember a city with an image of urban spaces, especially its streets and squares, or some views, and it is their experience of the city's physical environment that creates this image. In this regard, the visual perception of the physical spaces of the city from other senses has a greater effect on creating different emotions in citizens. Appropriate urban views can play an effective role in the formation of clear and legible perception in people as well as in having desirable feelings of the city. Also, different perspectives can have different visual effects on the citizens of a city. So far, many studies have been carried out on various aspects of Urban Views; however, this research analyzes urban views and impacts on citizens, and seeks to identify urban views and visual impacts, and how to categorize and explain them, as well as identify conditions and the factors that create and influence the urban views and their visual impacts.Urban views generally have two major impacts on citizens in the form of likes and positive or dislikes and negative emotions. Accordingly, in this study, it was attempted to categorize urban views effects in general and finally, research theory was extracted with their help. Due to the nature of this research, the main approach of the research design is a qualitative approach and it has been done by grounded theory method based on Corbin and Strauss approach including open coding data analysis, axial coding and selective coding. There are many reasons to apply the qualitative research in this research, the most important of which are the nature of research questions, the lack of previous theory on the classification of urban views, the comprehensiveness of the nature of research and stepping into the world of the participants and the observation of the subject from their point of view, the achievement of new discoveries in this field, and the development of empirical knowledge in this field. At first, the researcher selected the sources of information and the sources of observation and then used the participants to explore and complete the final model. Data were collected from library and field studies, interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The statistical population and the participants were selected through theoretical sampling, in which sampling continues until the data are saturated, and library and field studies, interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Participants in this research included residents and experts of Sanandaj. The results of the research showed the selective categories of view effects and emotional responses including excitement, relaxation, pleasantness and communication. Also the causal conditions that create urban views, the contextual conditions, and the intervening conditions and their effects were obtained. The relationship between these categories and the outcome of the research was formulated and presented in a comprehensive model. Also, the final core category was summarized in the phrase "City is a homogeneous or heterogeneous network of diversity of urban views to upgrade or diminish citizen's emotions."

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Urban Ecology

7. The Impact of Urban microclimates on Environmental Comfort in Public open spaces (Shohada sq. in Mashhad)

Siamak Shakibaei; Sanaz saeedi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 March 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.434

Abstract

The quality of designing public open spaces as a resort for leisure has an important role in the satisfaction of individuals. Feelings of pleasure and satisfaction will occur when a person has reached a relative level of physical and mental (environmental comfort) and is free from constraints. Also one ... Read More The quality of designing public open spaces as a resort for leisure has an important role in the satisfaction of individuals. Feelings of pleasure and satisfaction will occur when a person has reached a relative level of physical and mental (environmental comfort) and is free from constraints. Also one of the factors of satisfaction is environmental comfort due to climatic hierarchy. However, urban microclimate is one of the factors that is needed to design urban spaces and public open spaces in order to achieve environmental comfort and satisfaction. In this regard, the Shohada Square of Mashhad has also lost its environmental comfort as a public open space surrounded by commercial and administrative buildings and a specific spatial structure, as well as conflicts with urban microclimate issues.Therefore, in order to investigate the Shohada sq. in order to create environmental comfort with the help of urban microclimate, a questionnaire with closed questions (in the Likert spectrum) was tested on a sample size of 112 people. In this regard, the research methodology is based on analytical method with the help of inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis test) and analysis with Sketch software and finally rhino analysis (umi plugin) to understand the microclimate factors is in line with the comfort of square. The results of this study indicate that that Shohada Square as a public open space that has a great potential in terms of location and location and despite the fact that this space has a strong historical background and a deep historical aspect to the metropolis of Mashhad as a historical cultural document of the city and has a direct relationship with the holy shrine, neglecting the lack of a proper relationship between its surrounding construction with the wisdom of urban microclimates, and also neglecting the field space itself in relation to sub-climates, degrading and greatly degrading environmental comfort. It has become citizens and even pilgrims, and it has become a dead field.Therefore, it should be stated that by promoting and paying attention to such indicators as the comfort level of the Shohada, the degree of shadowing effect on the comfort of the field, the amount of leisure time in the field, the degree of influence of old identity on the willingness to spend time in the field, Impact of land use on the willingness to spend time in the field, the impact of climate and field space on the willingness to spend time in the field, the lack of urban facilities to address the radiation problem, and ultimately the desirability of field flooring can be achieved by environmental comfort on the basis of urban micro climate. Reached. After summarizing the observations and analyzes obtained from the software, it can be concluded that by upgrading the above, along with changes in thermal adjustment and shading in the longitudinal sections of the field and the central sections, the maximum relaxation and satisfaction of citizens can be achieved when using The space of the field was achieved.

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Urban Scape

8. Evaluation of the Urban Squares Scape Using "Simon Bell Landscape Analysis Technique" (Case Study: Qom's Imam Khomeini Square)

Bahador Zamani; Shirin Eslami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 March 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.247

Abstract

Townscape is a complex phenomenon in physical and perceptual terms of the environment being created by various layers of form, function, and meaning through the interaction with the human mind and playing an important role in promoting the visual and perceptual capabilities of urban spaces; Although ... Read More Townscape is a complex phenomenon in physical and perceptual terms of the environment being created by various layers of form, function, and meaning through the interaction with the human mind and playing an important role in promoting the visual and perceptual capabilities of urban spaces; Although looking at and reading the city merely as townscape will not be responsive to the complex urban problems, the attention to the townscape as a basic and necessary tool (but not enough) for reading the city text in order to respond to part of the urban issues and the rights of citizenship is necessary. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the visual and spatial quality of Qom's Imam Khomeini Square based on the view of the experts, seeking to answer the main research question as: Based on the criteria and sub-criteria derived from Simon Bell's Landscape Analysis Technique, how each of the four sides of Qom's Imam Khomeini Square is evaluated? In order to achieve this aim, a descriptive-analytical research method was used based on an assessment of the current situation according to the data collected using observation, photography, SWOT and AHP techniques based on the framework proposed in the "Simon Bell Landscape Analysis Technique".In order to weigh the criteria and sub-criteria of this technique, the average expert viewpoints of thirty urban experts in the form of a questionnaire and evaluation matrices within the AHP hierarchical structure was used. The rate of inconsistency in the judgments of experts was less than 0.1 indicating the consistency and logical validity of the experts' viewpoints. According to research findings, in townscape analysis of Imam Khomeini Square based on the selected framework, the spatial organizing pattern was evaluated 43.9%, the structural organizing pattern with 38.3%, and the ordering organizing pattern with 17.8%. Overall, the evaluation of townscape organizing patterns in the eastern side was highest at 44.4%, in the northern side 29.4%, in the western side 16.4%, and in the south side 9.8% of the normalized score. As such the south side of the square is prioritized to be redesigned.

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Urban Architecture

9. Explaining the relationship between the factors affecting the quality of the public outdoor spaces in promoting the socialization of the environment

nazanin dehnad; Jamaledin Mahdinejad; BAGHER KARIMI

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 March 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.519

Abstract

The success of public spaces depends on the extent to which it is used and the human presence. The place has always been associated with human existence and it has created some kind of interaction in place, leading to the formation social relationships and the socialization of the public outdoor spaces. ... Read More The success of public spaces depends on the extent to which it is used and the human presence. The place has always been associated with human existence and it has created some kind of interaction in place, leading to the formation social relationships and the socialization of the public outdoor spaces. In recent decades, failure to preserve and promote community life in some outdoor spaces has undermined the importance and role of space. Also, the failure to use public outdoor spaces criteria for the socialization of spaces has led to empty spaces being pushed out. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the criteria that create and promote socialization in public outdoor spaces in order to promote such spaces at different scales. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the quality of public outdoor spaces, residential environments and its impact on building user interaction and answering the question of how people's presence in these spaces contributes to the socialization of the outdoor spaces and the factor that contributes to space success. Therefore, four shared public outdoor spaces on residential scale in six municipalities of Shiraz were selected. This study was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics through survey method and questionnaire. The sample size is 488 inhabitants of residential complexes. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and SPSS software. After analyzing and categorizing the dimensions at the level of location theory and extracting the seven factors affecting the quality of social spaces and socializability, which included safety and security, flexibility, permeability, activability, social interaction, location identity, and perceptions of the environment in how users interact with the environment, four results were obtained. First, the creation of dynamic spaces; second, the creation of public spaces; the third, cohesion and interaction; the fourth, enhancing the mutual understanding of the behaviors of the environmental behaviors, the quality of public outdoor spaces can be enhanced.

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Urban Sustainability

10. The Effect of Traditional and Modern Urban Morphology Patterns on Wind Flow and its Interactions with the Efficient Energy Approach (Case Study: Shahr Esfahan)

Zahra Babaei frooshani; Yones Changalvaiee

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 April 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.781

Abstract

In this study, wind data from Isfahan Meteorological Station in the mean warmest day (30 July) and coldest day (30 January) of the year 1396 for CFD studies on wind distribution in three urban configurations (traditional, raster and high-resolution discrete). ) At the local scale that represent the general ... Read More In this study, wind data from Isfahan Meteorological Station in the mean warmest day (30 July) and coldest day (30 January) of the year 1396 for CFD studies on wind distribution in three urban configurations (traditional, raster and high-resolution discrete). ) At the local scale that represent the general shape of the morphology of Isfahan city species, CFD numerical simulations were performed in Envi-met and Design Builder software to visualize the wind energy result of each urban texture. Finally, three different urban contexts were compared and analyzed with several parameters related to urban morphology and wind environment. The simulation results show that: 1) traditional textures based on numerical max wind velocity and direction of the software on the warmest day equal to 26.26 and the coldest day equal to 2.68 m / s as well as general analysis on geometry The texture obtained from the influential morphological indices showed that the traditional texture was completely designed on the basis of stability. Textural morphology indices have shown that urban planners and tenants can optimize energy consumption and the efficient utilization of urban wind streams by applying urban morphology principles. 2) Maximum numerical results of wind velocity and direction in raster texture on the warmest day 2.73 and the coldest day 2.80 m / s and the high-discrete peak on the warmest day 4.26 and the coldest day 4.08 m / s, respectively. Clay on the geometry of the two new textures showed that modern urbanism has grown less well-adapted to the natural environment, including climatic conditions and indigenous culture. 3) The large differences between different characteristics of urban morphology and the different impacts of wind energy flows in the three different contexts indicate the significant impact of urban morphology on potential wind currents, also through analysis we found that urban morphological indices correlate with the potential index of wind currents. Significantly, and with the help of these morphological indices, we can accurately and easily compare the output of wind energy flows across different urban contexts with respect to an efficient energy approach, 4) Finally the study results can be used as A Practical Guide for Evaluating the Impacts of Urban Wind Flows and their Interactions On urban morphology also the proposed methods in this study can be used as a maximum analysis for applied measures to reduce the negative effects of wind flow on urban management in Isfahan.

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Urban Ecology

11. The Effect of Urban Block Geometry on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Cold Climate of Iran (Case Study: Hamedan City)

Yaser Khoshbakht; Hossein Medi; Maryam Azmoodeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 May 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.598

Abstract

The importance of finding urban open spaces in sustainable cities and striving to improve the quality of urban environments and increasing the activity of open urban spaces, it is imperative to develop efficient urban design approaches consistent with climate. Local micro-climates affect the thermal ... Read More The importance of finding urban open spaces in sustainable cities and striving to improve the quality of urban environments and increasing the activity of open urban spaces, it is imperative to develop efficient urban design approaches consistent with climate. Local micro-climates affect the thermal comfort of the environment, which is one of the most important factors in the desirability and dynamics of urban open spaces. On the other hand, local micro-climates have a close relationship with the physical elements of the environment such as the geometry and layout of urban blocks. The aim of this study was to compare and compare the effect of conventional urban block geometry and to find the factors affecting the thermal outdoor comfort in hot and cold seasons in Hamadan. The research method in this study included field measurement and computer simulation (ENVI-met software) of five conventional geometries of city blocks with sky-view factor (SVF), orientation and different layout (Single North-South Blocks, East-West Single Blocks, North-South Linear Blocks, East-West Linear Blocks and Central Yard Blocks) as five urban micro-climates evaluated in one The hottest days of the year according to the summer revolution and one of the coldest days of the year with the winter revolution. The average of the four factors of air temperature, average radiation temperature, relative humidity and wind flow rate were extracted as the most important factors affecting outdoor thermal comfort in the central space of the target blocks. To evaluate the results more accurately, the predicted mean vote (PMV) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) indices are used as the most comprehensive methods for estimating outdoor thermal comfort. According to the results of the analysis of the data obtained from the software, the summer revolution increased the shading of the forms and consequently reduced the average radiation temperature and also increased the wind flow velocity in the central space of the forms which had a direct effect on the air temperature and conditions. Ambient heat helps to improve thermal conditions. On the other hand Conversely, in the winter revolution, thermal conditions are improved by increasing the average radiation temperature and decreasing wind speed. In general, the results of thermal comfort indices show that central courtyard blocks improve summer thermal comfort due to more daytime shading and in winter due to a severe decrease in cold wind flow rate than other forms. Although central courtyard blocks are better than other blocks mentioned in this study, the lack of wind speed in summer and reduced winter sun exposure are some of the weaknesses in this form. It seems that by eliminating these weaknesses an optimal form can be achieved in the urban blocks for the city of Hamadan. Such studies can help architects and urban designers achieve the best urban geometry to achieve high quality open spaces in the future development of cities.

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Urban Planning

12. Investigation the relationship between physical urban environmental Quality and Perceived Stress of Citizen (Case study: Isfahan City)

Seyed Reza Azadeh; Jamal Mohammadi; Hamid Taher Neshat Doost

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 May 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.954

Abstract

ObjectivesThere are growing concerns, worldwide, about interdependencies between city life and mental well-being. Perceived stress is one of the mental disorders induced by urbanization. Today, the built environment and neighborhood's quality in which residents live, is realized as the main source of ... Read More ObjectivesThere are growing concerns, worldwide, about interdependencies between city life and mental well-being. Perceived stress is one of the mental disorders induced by urbanization. Today, the built environment and neighborhood's quality in which residents live, is realized as the main source of stress. In addition, the recent researches in the context of psychology suggest that city life is stressful. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between neighbourhood's quality and perceived stress. In this regard, two neighbourhoods were selected in Isfahan. MethodsIn this study two questionnaires have been used. First questionnaires is the built environment quality questionnaire, written by researchers, and the other is perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Two neighbourhoods were selected for study. The survey was conducted via face-to-face structured interviews and yielded a total of 434 valid samples. Eventually, 203 peoples in MoftAbad neighbourhood and 231 peoples in Mardavij neighbourhood have participated in completing the questionnaire. The data has been analysed using normal and partial correlation coefficients and linear regression. ResultThe descriptive statistics of dependent and independent variables in study neighborhoods have been compared. The evaluation of environmental beauty, in the study neighbourhoods indicate that MoftAbad and Mardavij is, averagely, scored 0.78 and 2.98. The functional attraction in MoftAbad and Mardavij, in average, is 0.77 and 2.81, respectively. The median scores of physical form and environmental comfort variables in MoftAbad are 0.71 and 1.58, and in Mardavij are 2.94 and 2.92. In fact, all environmental variables of MoftAbad neighbourhood quality are scored significantly lower than Mardavij. Totally, the final score of built environment quality in MoftAbad is 0.96 and in Mardavij is 2.91. According to results, in association with dependent variable, it is concluded that the perceived stress level of MoftAbad neighbourhood is higher than Mardavij neighbourhood. The median score of stress in MoftAbad is 2.07 and in Mardavij is 1.04.The findings show that there is significant and inverse relation between the independent variables of research and the dependent variables. However, when we consider the controller variables, the relation is preserved but its intensity decreases.Based on results, significant level of F-statistic in all three models is 0.000. This result, which is acquired by analyzing the regression and analyzing variance, indicates that the conceptual model of research is well fitted. In MoftAbad, two variables are (environmental beauty and Environmental comfort) capable of predicting dependent variable changes. In this case, the standard coefficient of mentioned variables are -0.537 and -0.181, respectively. This statistics means that environmental beauty predicts 53.7% and environmental comfort predicts 18.1% of perceived stress changes in MoftAbad. In Mardavij neighbourhood, environmental beauty, functional attraction and environmental comfort, as well, have the most ability to predict the dependent variable. Environmental beauty, functional attraction and environmental comfort, respectively, predicts 22.6%, 28.9% and 14.3% of perceived stress changes. Moreover, in the suggested model for full sample, environmental beauty variable, functional attraction variable and environmental comfort variable predict, respectively, 45.9%, 26.8% and 24.4% of perceived stress changes.In the second phase of modelling the dependent variable changes, the relationship between built environment quality, as independent variable, and perceived stress, as dependent variable, is evaluated. Also, three models have been suggested in this phase. According to acquired results, the ANOVA analysis explains one significant F-statistic for each one of the three models. The adjusted R-squared of suggested model in MoftAbad is greater than Mardavij neighbourhood. According to this result, it can be said that the effect of built environment on stress of MoftAbad residents is more than Mardavij neighbourhood. Based on standard coefficient (Beta), built environment quality of MoftAbad predicts 67% of Perceived stress changes. On the other hand, the value of this variable in Mardavij is 46.4%. Finally, in the full sample, built environment quality determines 78.3% of perceived stress changes ConclusionIt is concluded that the relation between urban Planner and psychologists must be augmented in order to improve the variables of resident mental health through environment designing and planning.

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Urban Planning

13. Identification and Prioritization to Environmental Quality Indicators in Coastal Areas

Mojtaba Rafieian; golkou giahhchi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 June 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.284

Abstract

The beaches and surrounding areas have always been of interest to human societies. This can be attributed to the existence of two territories of land and water in these areas, which leads to the creation of competitive advantages in the social, economic, physical and other aspects. The considerable demand ... Read More The beaches and surrounding areas have always been of interest to human societies. This can be attributed to the existence of two territories of land and water in these areas, which leads to the creation of competitive advantages in the social, economic, physical and other aspects. The considerable demand of the population for the exploitation of coastal areas has caused problems and disruptions in the system of these areas. These problems, as has explained by the Vice President for Strategic Planning and Supervision, have variety of aspects; like environmental, landuse, political and security, regulation and rights, etc aspects. So these areas require to integrated approach. Hence, since the early 90's in the world and after less than a decade away in Iran (late 70's), the comprehensive integrated coastal zone management plan has begun to link planning in the three national, regional and local levels.Since 1976, the concept of "environmental quality" in the field of urban studies (urban planning and design) has been expressed, which addresses all aspects of urban environments and spaces (Rafieian et al., 2013). The concept has been discussed and developed by many theorists over the past few decades. In terms of content, the last decade can be the period of maturity of the concept of environmental quality, but there are still many challenges in terms of implementation and operation.The need for the integrated and comprehensive approach to coastal areas at the micro and macro scales, as well as the multidimensional concept of environmental quality has provided an opportunity to look at coastal areas with the lens of environmental quality, identify environmental quality indicators and their priority.The method of analysis in this study is based on Structural Equation Model (SEM) and data were analyzed using SmartPlS 3 software. To test the model, data were collected from 160 questionnaires based on Likert spectrum in coastal area of Bandar-Anzali. According to Smart PLS software outputs, users of space have an indirect impact on 9 indicators of environmental quality that were derive from theoretical foundations. Desirable environmental quality zones have 9 features that "permeability" is stronger and more powerful than other features. According to this model, changes of environmental quality affects the changes of permeability of the coastal zone up to 87%. In this study, permeability is defined through four indicators. These four indicators include: no space confusion, quality of riding and pedestrian pathways, visibility of natural and valuable sights and the possibility of walking and cycling. Therefore, high quality coastal zones have the highest impact on these four indicators.After permeability, the flexibility variable is more influenced than other variables. In this research, flexibility is defined by four indices of flexibility of outdoor space, services for persons with disabilities, flexibility of buildings, and unobstructed accessibility of people to spaces. Therefore, if the environmental quality is present in a coastal zone, the four mentioned indicators are expected to will be in a desirable condition.In addition to permeability and flexibility, other known indicators in order to influence the environmental quality of coastal areas include: functional compatibility, efficiency, meaningful, proportionality, variety, presence of different group of people and sustainability. All of these variable have been identified and measured by this study.

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Urban Architecture

14. Investigating the Effect of Contextualism on Spatial Resilience in Tabriz Historical Bazaar with a Focus on Spatial Capabilities

Raheleh Abdollahi; Islam Karami; Ahad Nejad Ebrahini; Leila Rahimi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 July 2020

Abstract

Objectives: The lack of resilience of some contemporary spaces and the release of such buildings against disorders is a serious problem in the structure of contemporary cities, which has had many consequences in the field of urban planning. The short life span of the space seems to be modifiable due ... Read More Objectives: The lack of resilience of some contemporary spaces and the release of such buildings against disorders is a serious problem in the structure of contemporary cities, which has had many consequences in the field of urban planning. The short life span of the space seems to be modifiable due to their coordination with the context and enjoyment of the spatial capabilities that will eventually lead to the necessary resilience in dealing with disorders. Therefore, the purpose of the present study, which designed to promote urban resilience and identity, is to investigate the effect of contextual components and space capabilities on resilience of historical bazaars in the case study.Methodology: The purpose of this research is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature based on questionnaire analysis. In this study, contextual variables and space capability as independent variables and space resilience variables as dependent variables were measured. To determine the sample size using Cochran formula, 357 clients of Tabriz historical bazaar were selected as statistical sample. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 0.899 for the questionnaire which indicates reliability of the research instrument. To analyze the data, correlation coefficients and regression analysis between variables were tested and independent t-test was used to assess the status.Findings: The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between contextualism components )physical, historical, cultural and environmental-climatic) and spatial capabilities (flexibility, adaptability, variability, reactivity) with resilient space. In terms of impact, the most impact on the resiliency of bazaar space among the four capabilities of space is related to adaptability and reactivity of space, respectively, and among the four components of contextualism is related to climate and historical context, respectively. Whereas the lowest score is related to the capability of adaptability and climatic context of space and the highest score is related to the flexibility and the historical context of the space. Therefore, factors such as accessibility, reconfiguration, reorientation, social capital, growth, local attractions, self-organization, restoration, social diversity, the coordination of form-activity, and spontaneous strategies of user play an important role in the enjoyment of environmental capabilities. As well as adapting to climate conditions, native species, traditions and collective memory play a large part in being contextualize and thereby enhancing resilience. In evaluating the effect of each of the indices on the contextualization and space capability, cultural and flexibility indices have the highest and physical and reactivity indices have the least effect. The correlation coefficients showed that the cultural and climatic contexts are in the best condition in terms of space capabilities.Results: The results showed that the historical bazaar of Tabriz is more affected by the adaptability and reactivity of spatial capabilities and then by the climatic and historical component of context. As a result, contextual components must be taken into account in addition to spatial capabilities to enhance resilience. Emphasizing both features will be effective in reducing vulnerability and increasing resiliency. Achieving resilience requires the alignment of space with context, and the ability to cope with disorders is realized by enhancing the capability of space through its inherent potential.

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Urban Planning

15. Street Renaissance, an explanation of the re-reading of the social life of the central part of Zanjan

isa piri; Leila Hashemi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 July 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.932

Abstract

The present study is based on a dialectical approach, hermeneutic interpretation of the street renaissance as a tool in achieving renaissance strategies and human planning programs focused on improving the quality of biosocial life and improving the daily lives of citizens in urban areas. This study ... Read More

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Urban Architecture

16. Architectural Quality and Improving Quality of Life in Residential Complexes; the Effect on Residents' Health Status

malihe taghipour; aliakbar heidari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 September 2020

Abstract

Disregarding the quality factor when designing and architecting living complexes, besides rapid urbanization, has created numerous problems for residents, including decreased quality of life (QoL), and even threatened health status. This paper aims at evaluating architectural quality, QoL, and health ... Read More Disregarding the quality factor when designing and architecting living complexes, besides rapid urbanization, has created numerous problems for residents, including decreased quality of life (QoL), and even threatened health status. This paper aims at evaluating architectural quality, QoL, and health quality as independent, dependent and mediating variables, respectively, as well as the relationship exists between them. Health quality was evaluated with three indices, including physical, mental, and social health; architectural quality was considered while embodying three criteria, including environmental, structural, and functional quality; and, finally, QoL was defined as a constant multilateral concept. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting data on architectural and health quality, while data on QoL were gathered using a standard questionnaire. Participants were residents in ASATID, DERAK, and CHOWGAN residential complexes (Shiraz, Iran), all with the same social contexts and geographical locations, but different environmental and architectural indices. A qualitative-quantitative study was carried out, in which statistical methods applied for analyzing data, and the content of interviews conducted. The results confirmed that enhancing architectural quality can dramatically improve residents' QoL, mainly through promoting their health status. In other words, environmental, structural, and functional quality promotes physical, mental, and social health, respectively; and all of them improves QoL in residential complexes.Disregarding the quality factor when designing and architecting living complexes, besides rapid urbanization, has created numerous problems for residents, including decreased quality of life (QoL), and even threatened health status. This paper aims at evaluating architectural quality, QoL, and health quality as independent, dependent and mediating variables, respectively, as well as the relationship exists between them. Health quality was evaluated with three indices, including physical, mental, and social health; architectural quality was considered while embodying three criteria, including environmental, structural, and functional quality; and, finally, QoL was defined as a constant multilateral concept. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting data on architectural and health quality, while data on QoL were gathered using a standard questionnaire. Participants were residents in ASATID, DERAK, and CHOWGAN residential complexes (Shiraz, Iran), all with the same social contexts and geographical locations, but different environmental and architectural indices. A qualitative-quantitative study was carried out, in which statistical methods applied for analyzing data, and the content of interviews conducted. The results confirmed that enhancing architectural quality can dramatically improve residents' QoL, mainly through promoting their health status. In other words, environmental, structural, and functional quality promotes physical, mental, and social health, respectively; and all of them improves QoL in residential complexes.

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Slum Settlements

17. Incremental housing as a strategy in upgrading housing in informal settlements; Chabahar as the case study

Alireza Nazarnia; Leila Zare; Fariborz Dolatabadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 September 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.809

Abstract

Informal settlement, as a result of rapid urbanization, created in or outside of formal and illegal skirts of cities. These areas are mostly settlement of rural migrants or poor urban dwellers. Inefficiency in housing supply system and instability the economic aspect of housing in market of cities are ... Read More

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Urban Architecture

18. Analysis of aspects of the concept of participation in the process of designing public spaces

Sevda Norozi; Ali Javan Forouzandeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 September 2020

Abstract

Paying attention to the participation of public space users in the process of architectural design is one of the important points. In recent years, this issue has been considered by many researchers and designers of this type of space, and in practical examples, at three levels of design, planning and ... Read More Paying attention to the participation of public space users in the process of architectural design is one of the important points. In recent years, this issue has been considered by many researchers and designers of this type of space, and in practical examples, at three levels of design, planning and decision-making, participatory design solutions have been presented. Despite the existence of a specific method of participatory motivation in design, in our country, attention to this category is mainly limited to low-level methods of receiving information such as interviews and recording the opinions of users and a kind of deception is observed at macro levels of design, planning and decision making. ; So that the results obtained from these measures are limited to purely written or low level of operational intervention. The important point in this regard is the lack of proper explanation of the effective components of participation on the one hand and on the other hand the lack of effective structure of these components and its relationship with the design process. Therefore, the present article aims to explain the participatory factors by analyzing and presenting a conceptual-structural model of the effectiveness of these factors in the design process. The method of analyzing and presenting the article model is based on the deductive-review method. Accordingly, three main components of individual, social and spatial dimensions were extracted as the main influential factors in participatory design. Attention to these factors in the form of three personalities, social preferences and functional-semantic needs as conceptual characteristics of participatory design. Is presented. Among these, the intersection of these three with concepts such as sense of place (in semantic dimensions), physical and functional diversity (in socio-spatial dimensions), permeability and readability (in spatial dimension) has the most role in the levels of participatory intervention. And at the secondary level, the components of access, security and inviting (in spatial dimensions) play the next role. The secondary level of influence of the place facilitates the presence of people in public places and the primary level of influence deepens the participation in public places and creates an emotional, unconscious and semantic structure in the place.

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Urban Planning

19. Analysis of project stakeholders communication in an urban non-level intersection in Urmia using the power and interest matrix and social network analysis

Hani Arbabi; Siyamak Alishahi; Mohammad-Hosein Sobhiyah; Sahar Taheripour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 October 2020

Abstract

Urban development projects have many different opponents due to their direct relationship with the people of the city as well as other stakeholders, and it is key to pay attention to stakeholder management in their success. In this regard, accurate and complete identification of stakeholders and identification ... Read More Urban development projects have many different opponents due to their direct relationship with the people of the city as well as other stakeholders, and it is key to pay attention to stakeholder management in their success. In this regard, accurate and complete identification of stakeholders and identification of their priority and importance for their more successful management is of particular importance; As a result, in the present study, using the interest-power matrix as an empirical method and also social networks analysis as a rational method, the prioritization and communication of stakeholders in a project to build an intersection with multi-level crossroads in Urmia has been investigated. In this qualitative research, which was performed using a one-sample case study, documents of project and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In order to select and interview the samples studied in the statistical population of this study, which are the most important stakeholders involved in the project, purposeful sampling method and snowball technique were used, and finally 17 stakeholders were identified for the project. Data were analyzed using interest-power matrix (using brainstorming technique) and NodeXL software (for social network analysis) and showed that the main stakeholders in interest-power matrix were the municipality, people, city council and local residents, respectively. Also, the Water and Sewerage Company, the Department of Electricity and Telecommunications have the least interest and power in the project. However, in the method of social networks analysis, people, municipalities, city councils and contractors had the highest priority and suppliers, environment and Oil Company had the lowest priority. Comparing the findings of both empiricist and rationalist methods in identifying the most important stakeholders is very convergent, but in identifying the least important stakeholders, there are differences and it is concluded that there are not most effective method is to identify and prioritize stakeholders in urban development projects, and the use of empiricist methods along with rational methods can be complementary in identifying, prioritizing, and managing stakeholders, and to some extent overlap each other's shortcomings. Also, the stakeholders of the people, the city council and the municipality have the most important role to play in communicating between all stakeholders. In terms of communication power, the Ministry of Information has the most power in the project in the vicinity of the project. The response time between stakeholders and the frequency of this response is also relatively unfavorable. The results of this research can help the managers of urban transport development projects that involve a large number of stakeholders to manage them as successfully as possible.

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Urban Sustainability

20. Evaluating the effects Urban planning Principles on Outdoor Thermal comfort with emphasis on Wind flow through Large Eddy Simulation; case study: Isfahan row housing models

Samaneh Heidari; Golnaz Mortezaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 October 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.988

Abstract

Along with the rapid growth of urbanization and the issues of global warming, environmental pollution, the urban heat island, and climate change, thermal comfort has become one of the most influential factors in adapting the design of climate-related urban open spaces. Today, the high temperature in ... Read More Along with the rapid growth of urbanization and the issues of global warming, environmental pollution, the urban heat island, and climate change, thermal comfort has become one of the most influential factors in adapting the design of climate-related urban open spaces. Today, the high temperature in human-made areas has doubled the need to pay attention to the thermal comfort of open urban spaces. In this vein, wind flow is considered as one of the most influential climatic parameters, so that the speed and movement of wind affect human thermal comfort. Isfahan's traditional architecture and urban planning is one of the most unique and local examples of the Iranian architecture, which has been forced to create many climatic solutions due to its hot and dry climatic conditions. However, in the last half century, as a result of the changes in the forms of housing space into a variety of dense multi-family housing, a new pattern has emerged in the massing models of the buildings. Due to the vastness and pervasiveness of this row housing models in Iran, it can be considered as part of the new tradition of urban planning in the country. However, due to the increase in density and the ratio of building levels, part of the self-cleaning capacity of the urban environment has been vanished, and certain construction models have become common in different climates with unfavorable climatic conditions. Now that many cities are looking for solutions to compress and mass as much as possible, the shortcomings of the previous model have become more prominent, and there is this need to find solutions to remedy the current situation, in order to reduce the possible adverse consequences in the future. Consequences that may arise from this current, such as the lack of thermal comfort in open urban spaces, increase of heat exchange between indoor and outdoor spaces, and consequently more energy loss. The Booklet for Urban Planning and Building Regulations of the city of Isfahan, as a master plan and as an auxiliary force to urban designers and planners, always tries to correct this pattern in the current situation; Therefore, in the present study, it has been tried to consider the existing directions in the booklet, and evaluate the role and extent of the effect of physical factors on wind flow in the new context of Isfahan. Due to the applied nature of this research, the method used in it is descriptive-analytical and it used documentary and field methods for data collection. Also, in order to analyze the defined scenarios, the large eddy simulation model has been used. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the present study was defined in three different phases, so that first by examining the theoretical foundations related to thermal comfort, effective physical indicators were extracted and then their overlapping with the directions in the Booklet for Urban Planning and Building Regulations of Isfahan has been studied. In the final step, by defining the probable scenarios based on row housing models of the dominant line of the new texture of Isfahan, LES has been conducted. Analysis of simulation of different scenarios confirms that among the extracted indicators, increasing the occupancy rate causes a sharp decrease in the speed ratio, while an increase in the height of the building leads to a decrease in the speed ratio, and the density has a different effect, which can be interpreted along with other principles. However, in relation to the width of the passages, the fluctuations in the ratio of speed on low-width streets are much more limited than those of high-width alleys and streets. So that at the beginning and the end of the alleys, the speed is faster than the middle sections. Therefore, in scenarios where the height of the building is defined between 10.5 to 14 meters, proper conditions are provided for urban air quality, ventilation and reducing air pollution.

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21. Hybridizing ethnography and grounded theory: a method for research in urban studies

parvin partovi; maryam farash khiabani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 October 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.414

Abstract

In the last few decades, the use of the qualitative approach has become common in other academic disciplines besides the humanities. Meanwhile, urban studies and its related fields, as an interdisciplinary knowledge, have adopted many of these methods. Ethnography and grounded theory were among the most ... Read More

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Urban Planning

22. Explaining the role of social status of the neighborhood in the tendency to regeneration it by applying the model of structural equations (case study :the middle texture of Arak)

fatemah esmaeilpoor; mohammadhosein saraei; najma esmaeilpoor

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 October 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.840

Abstract

There has been a segregation of the living space of different classes in cities in relation to their socio-economic base throughout history and in all geographical areas of the world. The urban ecology perspective distinguishes cities from the three aspects of "socio-economic base", "family base" and ... Read More There has been a segregation of the living space of different classes in cities in relation to their socio-economic base throughout history and in all geographical areas of the world. The urban ecology perspective distinguishes cities from the three aspects of "socio-economic base", "family base" and "ethnic-racial base" of households. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of socio-economic status of high-class classes on the high value of land in the middle part of Arak and its impact on the reconstruction of inner city neighborhoods. The nature of applied research is quantitative, and its method is descriptive and scientific. In order to investigate the causes of tendency to internal tissue and its effects on this tissue, different dimensions of questionnaire data analysis and in-depth interview were used using structural equation modeling using smart-Pls software. The findings showed that, contrary to Bergs' theory, the middle tissue around the core of the city of Arak is very attractive to the population. The high price of land in this texture is primarily due to the Prestige and originality of this texture (T value = 682/2). The easy access of this texture to the city center is another factor in the tendency to this texture and the increase in the price of land in this texture. The high value of the land in the study area has destroyed single-family housing units that are not yet very old and turned them into multi-storey apartments. The low cost of transportation was not confirmed in people's decision to choose these neighborhoods for living (T value = 1/306). Regeneratim of this tissue has changed The demographic situation of this context and the outflow of low-income classes (T value = 23/861). The output of the final matrix and the design of the interpretive structural model placed two variables of transport and social status in the dependent area, the housing price variable in the connecting area, and the variables of demographic change and user diversity in the independent area. The Prestige middle texture of Arak, the high price of land in this texture has caused Contrary to Burgess' theory - which describes the texture around the city center as a texture with depressed neighborhoods sad and ruined appearance and the place of residence of immigrants and low-income urban classes, the central texture of Arak is an attractive area for many citizens. Careful planning seems necessary to take the necessary steps to reduce the negative effects of redevelopment in the intermediate tissues of arak.

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Urban Architecture

23. Investigating the Components affecting Sociability in Residential Complexes using privacy-preserving approach (Case Study: sheshsad Dastgah Residential Complex in Mashhad)

Mohammad Ebrahim Mazhari; sahar borhanifar; Vida Taghvaei; behzad vasigh; Reza Ashrafzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 October 2020

Abstract

In residential complexes, securing privacy in its two main dimensions, namely family privacy and privacy, are prioritized as effective components in ensuring the security and tranquility of residents.In fact, people's attitudes toward privacy are part of their socialization process. In order to establish ... Read More In residential complexes, securing privacy in its two main dimensions, namely family privacy and privacy, are prioritized as effective components in ensuring the security and tranquility of residents.In fact, people's attitudes toward privacy are part of their socialization process. In order to establish social relations, the privacy of individuals and groups in the public arena must be considered.Creating a balance between privacy and social interaction is essential and should be considered in the light of the cultural values of each community. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the effective indicators of privacy on social interactions in the residential complex of 600 units in Mashhad. The research method is descriptive- analytical and In order to present a conceptual model of the effect of privacy on sociability, the qualitative research method, has been used.( Meta-synthesis method). The statistical population of this research is all inhabitants of the studied neighborhoods in Ekbatan and Atisaz residential complexes. The sample size determination has been made by the Morgan table, which is equal to 341 people . In the survey section, the questionnaire was used. For analyzing the data, SPSS software and Pearson’s correlation tests (for examining the relationships between the factors of privacy and sociability) and multivariate regression (to provide an equation to percept the impact rate of the privacy factors on the sociability of the residential space).The results indicate that privacy , by controlling interpersonal and group relationships and environmental stimuli, leads to the establishment of social relations and the reduction of unwanted harassment and affects on the environmental qualities. According to the review and ranking the impact rate of the privacy factors on the Sociability of the residential complex, , the spatial territory maintenance factor (beta coefficient 0.33) , and environment control (beta coefficient 0.023), have respectively obtained the first and the last rank, in the sociability of the Residential spaces and promoting the social interactions.

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Urban Planning

24. Effect of Perceived Residential Environmental Index on Continuous Social Interaction in Bagh Shater Neighborhoods

mohammad hasan saeedi motlagh; naser barati

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 October 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.617

Abstract

IntroductionThe quality of perception of the residential environment as a tool for urban planners to improve and organize the environment, have the ability to provide the necessary context for the formation and promotion of social interaction. The tasks of neighborhood units and neighborhoods can be ... Read More

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Urban Design

25. Explaining the Design Factors Affecting the creation of Nightlife in Urban Space .... Case study: Kashani St., Yazd....

Azadeh Alizadeh; samaneh khosravaninezhad; Mohammad Falahati; reza akbari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 November 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.670

Abstract

Cities are changing in the contemporary world and the most important tools for this transformation is time component and synthesis it with culture, art and technology to reproduction of urban spaces. The result is the concept of nightlife and urban night spaces. Due to the importance of time in contemporary ... Read More Cities are changing in the contemporary world and the most important tools for this transformation is time component and synthesis it with culture, art and technology to reproduction of urban spaces. The result is the concept of nightlife and urban night spaces. Due to the importance of time in contemporary life and Changing time structures due to lifestyle Transformation, better use of time in urban life can be achieved in these spaces and the vitality of daily activities extending into the night time. In Yazd, night spaces will encourage the more presence in space, especially in hot seasons, and enhance the city vitality, which is currently one of the most important urban management concerns, by temporally distributing population density and keeping them in space for a longer time period. Knowing that the night urban spaces requires its own special design considerations, the aim of this study is explaining the factors and criteria that affect the night spaces design. Accordingly, after extracting effective criteria from theoretical texts and experiences, these criteria are prioritized by using the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and evaluated in Kashani St., Yazd. The most important advantage of this combined method, which focuses more on the qualitative method, is the analysis and evaluation of quantitative data in an urban space and confirming the accuracy of its results with interpretting and enriching them. In a quantitative method, in order to prioritize the criteria, the questionnaire tool and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Friedman tests are used. In the qualitative method, these criteria are analyzed by using environmental assessment techniques (field study and observation, open interviews) on Kashani Street. Based on the results, the design considerations of night urban spaces are classified into two categories: Creator factors and Supporter factors. The first is related to attraction and producing the night space and the second is related to its population maintenance and how space is used and Determines the type and quality of space experience. Creator factors include: Being, Security, Inclusiveness and Attractiveness. Supporter factors include: legibility, Being Continuous, Enclosure, Spatial enticement, Eventfulness, Visual accessibility and Safety. Creator factors are the space potential to create the night space, which is reinforced by synthesis with the Supporter factors and finally, by improving the quality of the space experience, they cause the correct performance of the night space. This proposed two-sided framework can serve as a complement to other aspects of night urban space (economic, cultural, governance, tourism etc.) and act as a guide to designing such spaces.

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Urban Sustainability

26. The role of sister city in creating sustainable income of municipalities (with ism approach)

seyed abdollah hakimi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 November 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.322

Abstract

Achieving a sustainable model of financial resources to meet in the current and development costs of the city is one of the most important factors of urban sustainability, which provides the opportunity to invest in the city's infrastructure development system. One of the most important factors in recent ... Read More Achieving a sustainable model of financial resources to meet in the current and development costs of the city is one of the most important factors of urban sustainability, which provides the opportunity to invest in the city's infrastructure development system. One of the most important factors in recent decades is the implementation of international agreements that will have a direct impact on economic issues. The purpose of this study is to level the factors affecting the conclusion of international contracts based on sisterhood with the approach of sustainable income of municipalities. Structural-interpretive modeling method was used to level the factors affecting the conclusion of international contracts based on sisterhood with emphasis on the sustainable income of municipalities. Therefore, 20 academic experts and municipalities were asked to identify the five components that are the most important factors in concluding contracts. Choose an international sisterhood-based international with an emphasis on sustainable revenue for municipalities in the region and prioritize each of their five selected elements based on the numbers from one (least important) to five (most important). Then, with a structural and textual relationship of the "lead" type, determine the type of relationship between the elements in the form of a pair wise comparison. The information obtained from the opinions of experts was entered into ISM software and was used to level the factors affecting the conclusion of international contracts based on sisterhood with emphasis on the sustainable income of municipalities. According to the total results, the three components of "change in management style", "domestic and foreign political stability" and "legal" are the most basic (fourth level) and five components are "attracting foreign investment", "attracting private sector investment". , "International Entrepareneurship Development", "Tourism Growth" and "Operational" are the most constructive (first level) elements of international sisterhood-based contracts, which constitute the sustainable income of municipalities.

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Urban Economy

27. An Analysis of the Conflict of Interests in the State as a Responsible for Urban Spatial Planning

Mostafa Hosseinabadi; Mohammad Hossein Sharifzadegan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 November 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.810

Abstract

Urban spatial planning is a collective and social action related to decisions relevant to the social use of land; it means an action that is done by the people's elected state. Thus, the state is seen as an institution that seeks to realize the public interest and compensate for market failures through ... Read More

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Islamic- Iranian Cities

28. Modeling the Semantic Regulation parameters of Sari Historical Tissue Alleys

Rasoul Abdi; mehdi saedvandi; Abdolmajid Nourtaghani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 November 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.412

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the semantic components of semantic order of alleys in the historical context of Sari and to show the relationships between them in the form of a proposed model. The selection of alleys in the historical core of Sari as the subject of research has been due to ... Read More

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Urban Planning

29. Scenario of physical and functional effects of Shandiz tourism city development

Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri; ali alizadeh Zoeram; sajedeh baghban

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 November 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.461

Abstract

The city of Shandiz in the province of Khorasan Razavi is one of the tourism destinations of the province because of its various tourist attractions. Hence, the analysis of Shandiz tourism activities is necessary for sustainable tourism development. The formation and expansion of tourism in the city ... Read More The city of Shandiz in the province of Khorasan Razavi is one of the tourism destinations of the province because of its various tourist attractions. Hence, the analysis of Shandiz tourism activities is necessary for sustainable tourism development. The formation and expansion of tourism in the city of Shandiz and its surrounding areas caused some positive physical and functional changes, such as increasing and improving the quality of services and facilities and also increasing access to transportation. But, on the other hand, it tends to destroy the natural resources of the city and turn them into residential accommodations. In addition, the unplanned expansion of restaurants along the valleys has reduced the quality of natural landscapes. Contrary to indigenous architecture and the destruction of plant species, construction is another negative consequence of tourism development and its related activities in the city. Therefore, this study using the approach of perspectives and considering the various physical and functional effects of tourism development in the form of a system. In this regard, this research has been done through descriptive-analytical method and using documents, completed questionnaires and software analysis. For this purpose, 10 key variables have been selected through the Delphi method and previous studies. After defining the desirable, intermediate and disaster conditions for each of the key variables, 30 experts in the field of Urban and Tourism were asked to evaluate the impact of each of these situations on each other in the -3rd to 3rd range, so that the scenario Wizard software could analyze the progress patterns of the study area. The findings of this research show that culture and tradition are the most important variables of sustainability in the development of tourism in the city, because strengthening the traditional features of texture in a desirable scenario and destroying it in undesirable scenarios, is evaluated as the most effective assumption of each of these scenarios. However, agricultural land degradation has been identified as one of the negative consequences of tourism development. In general, the balanced construction of residential property and strengthening the traditional features of the city in the desirable future of Shandiz in 1408 has a significant role, so relying on these factors can be achieved more quickly to the desirable future of the city in the field of tourism. The results of this analysis predict a favorable scenario and two disaster scenarios among 39,366 scenarios, and the disaster scenario will be pursued if the most desirable future for the city, is not met. Analyzing the progressive scenarios of the research shows that strengthening the traditional features of the city along with preserving the link between the new and the old urban textures are two of the most important and effective factors in achieving the desired future of the city. In contrast, destruction of traditional texture and agricultural land, accelerate the catastrophe future of the city on the horizon of 1408.

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Urban Scape

30. The effect of the visual elements of the murals of Tehran Metro Station on the perceptual-visual desirability from the viewpoint of citizens, professionals and artists

Bahador Zamani; Faranak Kabiri; alireza khajeh ahmad attari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2020

Abstract

As the subway stations are the public spaces of cities, their frontages including public artworks, especially murals, are taken into account as parts of the urban townscape. The artworks of the frontages can provide a medium for interaction playing the role of visual communication system among the artwork, ... Read More

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Urban Architecture

31. The Role Of Spatial Organization On increasing The Number Of Open spaces Sociability Of Residential Complexes

sara Mohebinejad; Khosro Movahed; malihe taghipour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 December 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2022.754

Abstract

Different factors affect the sociability of the environment, such as social, financial and objective factors.The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of spatial organization on increasing the number of open spaces sociability of residential complexes.In this regard, open spaces between residential ... Read More

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Urban Architecture

32. The effect of general characteristics of third places on social interactions. Case study: Cafes of Tabriz.

farnaz dibazar; Sahar Toofan; Siroors Jamali; nima valizadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 December 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.806

Abstract

Third places are a successful example of public places and their special characteristics play an important role in the quality of urban life. Social interactions are a vital factor in the well-being of society. Therefore, it is necessary to design and create third places where cafes are a prominent example. ... Read More Third places are a successful example of public places and their special characteristics play an important role in the quality of urban life. Social interactions are a vital factor in the well-being of society. Therefore, it is necessary to design and create third places where cafes are a prominent example. Cafes, as public places of service and have an impact on social justice, the urban landscape, and urban events. when a cafe has the characteristics of Neutral ground, Leveler (a leveling place), Conversation is the main activity, Accessibility, and accommodation, The regulars, a low profile, The mood is playful and a home away from home, it becomes the third place. These characteristics providing emotionally responsive and engaging activity, so result in the experience of favorable social relationships. In fact, the possibility of forming appropriate social relationships is one of the essential characteristics of third places. The environment can be a factor in strengthening and weakening these characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to design and architecture in third places in Aimed at enhancing positive traits. Samples are selected based on online surveys. The research method is correlation. The method of collecting information is observation, interview, questionnaire and written sources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the eight general characteristics expressed for the third places in the studied cafes and to analyze their impact on the social interactions formed in the studied context. First, with the help of written sources, observation and behavioral mapping of the location-based samples were studied and then according to the findings, the structural equation model and a questionnaire designed in the Likert scale were used. The results show that boundaries and distances play a role in social interactions. The characteristics of third places are present in the studied cafes and affect social interactions, but their rate of occurrence is different. The four characteristics (conversation such as core activity, intimate atmosphere, accessibility, and the regulars) have the most impact on social interactions, respectively. Other characteristics indirectly contribute to the social interactions formed in the cafes studied by affecting these four characteristics. The two characteristics of the mood are playful and Conversation is the main activity as the main activity is most influenced by the home away from home. The Neutral ground characteristic has the most impact on both Accessibility and accommodation and regular's characteristics. The results also show that privacy and distance play a role in people's willingness to engage in social interaction.

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Urban Architecture

33. Investigating the Influence Quality of Inputs on bazaar Attendance (Case Study: Shiraz Traditional Market)

maliheh taghipour; maryam bagheri

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 December 2020

Abstract

The attendance of people in a public space overshadows many issues, including issues that have multilateral links with economic, cultural, social and other areas. The first spark needed to be in the place comes from the entrances of that place to the mind. So one of the most basic expectations that can ... Read More

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Urban Sustainability

34. An Investigation of the Role of Geometry and open Air City Space on the Thermal Comfort and Environmental Quality (Case Study: Historical Context of Kashan).

karen fatahi; nazanin nasrullahi; maryam ansarimanesh; jamal khodakarami; ali emranipour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 December 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.138

Abstract

Open space between buildings is central in creating sense of safty, mental comfort and in developing social interaction among inhabitants. proportion and geometrical balance as well as circumstantial and environmental aspect are of vital importance for creating an eye – catching view for apartment ... Read More Open space between buildings is central in creating sense of safty, mental comfort and in developing social interaction among inhabitants. proportion and geometrical balance as well as circumstantial and environmental aspect are of vital importance for creating an eye – catching view for apartment dwellers. Lack of proportion among adjacent building produces negative emotions in the inhabitants. The present research investigates open spaces in Kashan historical textures and take into account the shape, geometry, the type of open air spaces. It also assesses the impact of these aspects on the thermal comfort, the sense of security and satisfaction of environment. For this purpose 17 bussiest places-from the first of Shahryar, 1397, to 18th of Shahryar (For 18 days) were Divided into two categories: -open space public passway and central yards (interior of buildings); these two categories were the samples of this case study. After conducting the library study and being present at the sites, and finishing the field study (including: observation, data recording, collecting information of the sites), Responses of 788 inhabitants and visitors to questionaries. (about the thermal and environmental situation), climate parameters (including: temperature, humidity, airflow speed, sunlight, co, co2) were registered simultaneously. Next the dress rate and inhabitants’ metabolism was computed with Deltalog10 software, and after collecting data and analyzing them through Spss24 software, thermal comfort of respondents was determined by RayMan software. At the end, in order to determine the direct & indirect relationship of variables and to analyse the results structural equation model based on maximum verisimilitude method was used through Amos. Results showed that proportionate & orderly geometry, shape of open space directly influences the sense of security, sense of satisfaction of the texture and surrounding building, thermal comfort and indirectly influences the amount of satisfaction of the shape, the geometry of open space, thermal adaptability. Moreover, the type of open space central yard variable directly influences all variables and indirectly influences variables such as shape satisfaction or geometric satisfaction, texture, building surrounding the open space, thermal comfort, and thermal adaptab. An important point in this analysis is the key influence of the sense of security variable in creating indirect relationship among all other variables.

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Urban Management

35. Public Acceptability of congestion charging schemes: the case of Tehran (2018-19)

sara vosoughi; Behnaz Aminzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 December 2020

Abstract

Abstract:Congestion charging schemes implement in an increasing number of cities as a way of reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. Studies show that public acceptability plays a crucial role in the success of the schemes. According to the researcher’s findings, the factors influencing public ... Read More Abstract:Congestion charging schemes implement in an increasing number of cities as a way of reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. Studies show that public acceptability plays a crucial role in the success of the schemes. According to the researcher’s findings, the factors influencing public acceptability are possibly different in various socioeconomic contexts. Given an absence of studies in Iran, this paper investigates which factors affect public acceptability of Tehran congestion charging scheme (2018-19). The Content Analysis method applied to analyze almost 350 online comment about Tehran congestion schemes news on the internet from the citizen. The finding shows that six influencing factors, i.e. justice, trust, effectiveness, intrusiveness, complexity and revenue allocation are critical in determining public opinion about the Tehran congestion pricing scheme. Results indicate that trust in (national or local) government and the extent which a scheme perceived just are the most important factors. The Low level of these factors result in citizen opposition to Tehran congestion pricing. It is considered that trust is low because Citizens believe that the scheme is implemented Just for the sake of making money for the municipality not for managing traffic congestion or reducing air pollution. Furthermore, Findings show that low-income groups and residents of the congestion area perceive the scheme more injustice because it does not meet their needs and requirements. This cause to an increase in the sense of social discrimination, especially among low-income groups. The results also show that the perceived effectiveness of the Tehran congestion pricing reduces in the second year of the implementation of the scheme. Policy makers can use these findings to consider that using more effective ways to explain the citizen about the necessity and effectiveness of the congestion scheme are important in establishing strong public support. In this regard using media’s capacity can be offered. The Discussion provides recommendations for further studies on the Tehran congestion scheme impacts on public welfare in different income groups in Tehran and the way pricing system can be adjusting to their different social economic needs and requirements.Keywords: Congestion pricing, Tehran congestion pricing, Public Acceptability, Trust, Justice, Effectiveness

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Urban Planning

36. A model for the development of cultural tourism in kurdistan province

mehdi karoubi; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; soran ahmadizad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 January 2021

Abstract

Tourism is one of the biggest, largest and fastest industry in the world which causes increasing of income, employment and investment in more countries. Tourism development as a cultural event causes effective interaction between tourists and destination to realize and respect each other better.in fact ... Read More Tourism is one of the biggest, largest and fastest industry in the world which causes increasing of income, employment and investment in more countries. Tourism development as a cultural event causes effective interaction between tourists and destination to realize and respect each other better.in fact it is an apportunity to make more effective communication between nations and people. The aim of this research is considering a model for development of cultural tourism of Kurdistan province.this research based on its aim is development-operational and it is kind of survey descriptive one.this research is operational one because of its usage in cultural tourism attraction plan.the research method is mix method(qualitative and quantitative).first of all the researcher starts to identify the effective factors on cultural tourism development in kurdistan province based on semi structured interviews through polling the professors and managers and using research informations which are considerd the result and identified factors of cultural tourism management by questionaire of cultural tourism based on ex researches ,theoretical foundations and library studies. The statistical society in theoretical and operational parts consists of:A: all university tourism management professors in Kurdistan province and other professors in neighbourhood provinces that have a research paper about cultural tourism at least.B: tourism managers and marketing experts in tourism, handicraft and heritage organization in cities of Kurdistan province.C: travel agency managers in Kurdistan province.D: cultural tourists come in Kurdistan province.This research is an operational one and it is kind of geodesic descriptive.as first step, data gathering was done by qualitative interview then by quantitative method and using written questionnaire. We get categories based on common concepts consist of eight components of urban potential, citizens, the impact of border cities, event management. Tendency to other tourism destinations, tourism economy, public administration and advertisements.Results: Findings in this paper indicate optimal status in some components like urban potential. Citizens, the impact of border cities, event management, tendency to the tourism destinations, tourism economy but it is not correct about public administration and advertisements in Kurdistan province.

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Urban Planning

37. Typology of Knowledge-Based Spaces

Mostafa Dehghani; Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini; Esfandiar Zebardast

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 January 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.357

Abstract

Today, due to the need to use effective, open and participatory innovative solutions and use ICT capabilities to create sustainable life in cities and respond to the wants and needs of citizens, Gradually, different types of concepts have been formed under the title of knowledge-based spaces with different ... Read More Today, due to the need to use effective, open and participatory innovative solutions and use ICT capabilities to create sustainable life in cities and respond to the wants and needs of citizens, Gradually, different types of concepts have been formed under the title of knowledge-based spaces with different goals and functions. Understanding the dimensions, characteristics and differentiation of these concepts will help policymakers and city managers in choosing strategies and policies and investing in these areas by preventing mental confusion and the emergence of internal contradictions and incoherent eclecticism of these concepts. So far, different types of knowledge-based spaces have been presented, but no integrated comparative study has been performed for all concepts of knowledge-based spaces that provide a clear and comprehensive picture and a deep and coherent understanding of these spaces.In this regard, the present study has been conducted with a meta synthesis approach and in the framework of a systematic qualitative review with a descriptive-exploratory purpose. This study comparatively examines the concepts of knowledge-based spaces based on the six components of development discourse,, the type of knowledge required for development, location, key stakeholders, management model and historical period. Also, the typology of knowledge-based spaces is based on two components of spatiality and the type of knowledge required for development. According to it, four types of knowledge spaces such as 1- technology based-non spatial; 2- technology based- spatial; 3- knowledge Based – non spatial; And 4- Knowledge based - spatial. Research findings show that now, concepts such as smart city and knowledge city (due to semantic inclusion) have largely replaced concepts such as digital city and virtual city, and in policy-making and planning knowledge-based spaces more Are used. The concept of knowledge city has also been considered as an umbrella for other concepts such as knowledge place, learning city and smart city.Also, the findings of the comparative study of knowledge-based spaces based on the seven components show that knowledge-based spaces have faced paradigm changes over time; Such as the transition from focusing on the limited concept of science and technology to emphasizing the broader social concept of knowledge, the transition from the discourse of economic development to sustainable and integrated development in various economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions, the transition from passive role of citizens to active participation In creating, developing and managing knowledge-based spaces, transitioning from government and centralized management of a limited number of stakeholders with specific guidelines and frameworks to governing networks based on the interaction of a wide range of stakeholders, transition from a hardware and capital-based perspective. Tangible networks and infrastructure networks from a software perspective based on intangible intellectual capital and knowledge innovation system, transition from management and planning model to increase livability standards and complexity management to grounding and capacity building Citizen engagement for long-term learning and political and cultural influence. These trends and paradigm shifts represent a kind of conceptual convergence of the features and components of knowledge-based spaces. In addition, the results of the typology of knowledge-based spaces show that the typology of these spaces is based on two components of location and type of knowledge required for development, due to the significant role of these components in differentiating different types of knowledge spaces. - Gain a deeper and more expressive understanding of these spaces.

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Urban Design

38. Investigating the effect of urban signs on routing children in a case study of Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad

shima abedi; Sanaz saeedi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 31 January 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2022.970

Abstract

According to experts in psychology and sociology, childhood is very important in the development of personality and social health of society. Wayfinding is the ability to identify location and reach a destination, moving in space environments. This issue is very important for children who usually do ... Read More

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Islamic- Iranian Cities

39. Determining the acoustical behavior and desirability of the soundscapes of the Rasteh-Bazaars of Tabriz Bazaar based on objective and subjective assessments

Abbas Ghaffari; Morteza Mirgholami; Bita Shafaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 February 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.714

Abstract

Soundscape is a field of urban studies that deals with the quality of heard and perceived sound in urban spaces. Numerous characteristics affect the quality of soundscapes of urban spaces that the acoustical behavior of the space is one of the influential factors which depends on the environmental characteristics ... Read More Soundscape is a field of urban studies that deals with the quality of heard and perceived sound in urban spaces. Numerous characteristics affect the quality of soundscapes of urban spaces that the acoustical behavior of the space is one of the influential factors which depends on the environmental characteristics of the space. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and Reverberation Time (RT) are two components that can illuminate the acoustical behavior of spaces. Determining the perceptual quality of urban soundscape is also done through subjective assessments. In this research, the effect of environmental features on the acoustical behavior of Rasteh-Bazaars in Tabriz Grand Bazaar and its effect on the quality of soundscape of Rasteh-Bazaars are discussed. Based on the objective evaluations, the acoustical behavior of the Rasteh-Bazaars and the factors affecting it have been determined, and with the subjective evaluations, the desirability of the soundscape of the Rasteh-Bazaars has been clarified. Objective evaluations are based on measuring the SPL and RT and subjective evaluations are performed based on a descriptive soundscape questionnaire. The findings show that spaces such as Rasteh-Bazaars, which are identical in form and material, exhibit consistent acoustical behavior. If this homogeneity is accompanied by physical changes such as changes in the axis of space and spatial integration as cavities, the acoustical behavior and heard sound change. The findings also show that with decreasing sound intensity, sonic comfort does not necessarily increase. Even in tranquil urban spaces where the SPL is low, with the occurrence of the phenomenon of Difference in SPL, the tranquility and quality of the soundscape decreases. In fact, simply following the standard values is not enough for sonic comfort. Findings also show that although the values of SPL and RT, which indicate the acoustical behavior of the space, are somehow involved in the perception of people from the soundscape, but alone cannot be the basis for assessing the quality of the soundscape. The environmental characteristics and qualities of the spaces such as geometric proportions, the amount of congestion and grace of supplied goods in the Rasteh-Bazaar have a direct effect on the pleasantness of the soundscape.

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Urban Scape

40. Construction, validation and standardization of questionnaire for security in urban parks based on user’s' preference

soudabeh gholipour; Jamaloddin Mahdinezhad; Bahram Saleh Sedghpour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 February 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.513

Abstract

Objectives:Environmental security as one of the most important components of environmental quality plays an important role in the use of urban spaces. In fact, the feeling of fear and lack of security in urban environments and consequently in parks has become a problem in today's societies. Many factors ... Read More Objectives:Environmental security as one of the most important components of environmental quality plays an important role in the use of urban spaces. In fact, the feeling of fear and lack of security in urban environments and consequently in parks has become a problem in today's societies. Many factors affecting the security of urban parks can be attributed to their design and physical condition. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these factors and provide appropriate solutions to improve their condition. Urban parks need a conscious design that provide the users’ satisfaction and in their planning and designing, it is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of the users, and this can be achieved through users’ participation. In fact, understanding people's perceptions of landscape design methods and paying attention to users' preferences and desires helps landscape designers in designing these spaces. The purpose of this study is to construction, validation and standardization of the security scale in urban parks from the users’ perspective. The research method is descriptive-analytical and exploratory factor analysis. To create security related items about 250 concepts were extracted which were placed in seven categories of structure, spatial configuration, aesthetics, meaning, place control, activity patterns and ecology, and a questionnaire in the field of security was prepared based on it and questionnaire in the field of security was prepared to construct security-related items through open interview, open and central coding, and theoretical principles.Findings:Content validity were done through preliminary implementation and open interviews with users and approval of experts. In the preliminary stage, its reliability is measured using the internal coordination of the questions and Cronbach's alpha. The final questionnaire was distributed among 250 park users. The results indicate that the questionnaire is valid and standard and by entering the data obtained in SPSS 22 software and using the exploratory factor analysis technique, eight explanatory factors were obtained in users' preference. These include: artificial element design, control and surveillance, planting design, readability, physical accessibility, aesthetics, activity patterns, and space size and extent. Results:From the users' point of view, the artificial element design is a very large and significant factor and has the first rank. The control and surveillance, planting design, readability, physical accessibility and aesthetics have the second rank. The activity patterns, and space size and extent have the third rank. Also, the indices with the most important role in each factor are as follows: form and geometry indices in the artificial element design factor, access control and Lighting indices in the control and surveillance factor, natural element index in the planting design factor, navigation and marking place indices in the readability factor, access to equipment, furniture and utilities, and public lot and public transport indices in physical accessibility factor, order, and color-materials indices in aesthetics factor, behavioral sites index in the activity patterns factor and density index in the space size and extent factor.

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Slum Settlements

41. Evaluation of the pattern of spontaneous settlements in connection with the structure of inhabitants' life (Case Study: Northern Zone Settlements in Tabriz)

Maryam Soleimani; minoo gharehbaglou

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 February 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.115

Abstract

One of the particular factors in spontaneous settlements in suburban areas is the behavioural patterns in residents' life and related daily activities that will affect the shape of the housing. Paying attention to the life structure and its effect on the formation of the architecture are topics that ... Read More One of the particular factors in spontaneous settlements in suburban areas is the behavioural patterns in residents' life and related daily activities that will affect the shape of the housing. Paying attention to the life structure and its effect on the formation of the architecture are topics that have been addressed by various thinkers in fields such as culture and environmental psychology. The set of values and meanings of human behaviour as home culture and the realization of traditions become essential, and it is necessary to attend to it. This process is a criterion in the construction of spontaneous settlements in marginalized areas. This study investigates and identifies the physical pattern of spontaneous settlements and its construction strategies concerning the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the suburban areas of the northern part of Tabriz. In these areas, they form the place's characteristics concerning the activity's mechanism toward life structure, rather than Criteria and urban plan. However, many policies to improve the informal settlements have ignored the structure of life and, ultimately, residents' lifestyle and have tried to impose renovation programs with a top-down approach. Despite various studies, there are more fundamental questions about residents' hidden layers during their lives. Most of the reviews of marginal housing have considered regardless of the residents' life structure. This study understands how spontaneous settlements' physical pattern is formed concerning the inhabitants' lifestyle in suburban areas of the northern part of Tabriz. The approach of this research is qualitative and has been done by the contextual theory. For selecting the samples, the purposeful sampling method was used with the most variety, and we used semi-structured interviews, observations and planned samplings to collect data. In the research sample, 40 residents of these areas took part, and we tested 30 samples of houses. The results show that the organization of spaces and the physical pattern of spontaneous settlements concerning the three legitimate, Signification and domination have been more dependent on legitimate and semantic structures. In this process, the characteristics of residents' lives and the system of the physical form of the environment concerning these structures on environmental components such as neighbourhood presence, flexibility and adaptability of the body, physical scalability, integration of living space and work, Outdoor viability and widespread housing have been mentioned. These categories are essential items that should be taken into account in designing and improving suburban areas to align the body with residents' lifestyle. Besides this, this research's last achievements can be an essential step in organizing and improving the marginalized areas in line with their lifestyle. This factor will indirectly lead to a sense of belonging and sustainable settlement in these areas.

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Urban Planning

42. Environmental Impact Assessment of Large Commercial Complexes in Metropolises Using RIAM and EMP, Case Study of Arg Commercial Center

Soroush Khalili; Jamileh Tavakolinia; Naghmeh Mobarghei Dinan; Hamid Soltaninejad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 February 2021

http://dx.doi.org/10.34785/J011.2021.973

Abstract

In recent decades, spatial changes due to the expansion of commercial use in cities have doubled the role of spatial planning in the city. If large commercial centers are not located and built in the proper places of the city, they will create numerous environmental problems. Arg commercial center of ... Read More In recent decades, spatial changes due to the expansion of commercial use in cities have doubled the role of spatial planning in the city. If large commercial centers are not located and built in the proper places of the city, they will create numerous environmental problems. Arg commercial center of Tajrish is one of the commercial complexes of Tehran. The construction of this complex has been accompanied by the cutting of old and bulky trees of Giahi garden. In the foregoing paper, the aim is to assess the environmental impacts of the construction of large commercial complexes in the country's metropolises and also to provide a compiled plan for their management and monitoring with emphasis on Arg complex. This research has been done by descriptive method with the application of environmental assessment models. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) technique has been used by the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) and finally the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has also been developed to reduce the adverse effects on the environment. From the results of RIAM and the sum of the points obtained in four Physical/chemical, Biological/ecological, Social/cultural, and Economical/operational environments with the number –737, it is inferred that the negative impacts (38 impacts) outweighed the positive ones (11 impacts). After analysis and a detailed study of each of the four affected environments, it was found that –D range band (between classes from +E to –E) with an environmental score of "–36 to –71", has the highest number of adverse effects, which indicates the severity of the negative impacts caused by the construction of Arg commercial center of Tajrish; in addition, the Physical/chemical environment has the highest number of negative components among other environments. As a final result, based on all the research done, we realize that the construction of Arg commercial center at the site of the Giahi garden has not complied with environmental principles and has not followed the indicators of sustainable development. In other words, the bed of the Arg complex and its location did not have the necessary ecological and socio-economic potential; therefore, mitigation measures for these impacts in the fields of air pollution, noise, water, waste, energy saving, biological environment, socio-economic environment, as well as fire services are provided in the form of EMP program and dedicated to the operation phase of the Arg commercial center.

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Urban Planning

43. Scale analysis of urban regeneration projects and its effects on the quality of life of residents with emphasis on the Iran experience

majid rousta; mohamad Soleimani; mozafar sarafi; mojtaba rafiyan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 March 2021

Abstract

One of the most important challenges of today's metropolises is the existence of unhealthy and poor urban neighborhoods in the peripheries areas. A set of regeneration policies and plans to meet such a challenge over the twentieth century has sought to create a better quality of life for residents ... Read More One of the most important challenges of today's metropolises is the existence of unhealthy and poor urban neighborhoods in the peripheries areas. A set of regeneration policies and plans to meet such a challenge over the twentieth century has sought to create a better quality of life for residents living in such impoverished urban spaces. Such measures, however, have been less successful. The presumption of this study is that one of the main reasons for such failures was the lack of attention to the "scale" of urban regeneration plans and schemes. Accordingly, in this study, two main questions have been posed: First, why the concept of "scale" should be at the heart of urban regeneration plans, and how such a focus can improve plans and upgrade the quality of life of urban residents? And second, the status of urban regeneration, based on the criteria and indicators considered in this study, what effects can have on the project efficiency and the quality of life of the target residents? To answer these questions, two methodologies have been used, first, the "contextual" methodology to analyze the concept of scale and second, the "survey-data" methodology to measure the quality of life. Data sources and information required in this study include censuses and questionnaires as well as documentary libraries, plans and designs, and analysis techniques including correlation and regression (to measure the quality of life) and meta-analysis (to explore the scale). The results of this study in four samples of Rasht, Hamedan, Sanandaj, and Gorgan show that there is a significant correlation between the number of reconstruction projects, primary energy and their location (independent variables) and their impact on the quality of life of the target residents (dependent variable). The existence of such a correlation means that urban regeneration programs in Iran can have a greater impact on improving the quality of life of the target residents through fundamental attention to the scale of the regeneration program.

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Slum Settlements

44. ow-income urban housing policies from the era of constructive government

Maryam Sajjadi Asl; , Jamileh tavakolinia; Ghourchi, Morteza; Mozaffar Sarrafi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 April 2021

Abstract

Providing housing in developing countries for urban low-income groups is one of the most important challenges to achieving development. In Iran, various policies have been adopted to provide housing for the low-income groups; But so far no attempt has been made to develop suitable housing types for these ... Read More

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Urban Sustainability

45. Content analysis and comparative study of urban planning programs in the world and Iran with a sustainable development approach, with emphasis on master's courses

Mohammad Mehdi Azizi; samaneh khosravani nezhad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 April 2021

Abstract

Changing the attitude of the urban planning discipline from the of growth to sustainability paradigm, due to the inefficiency of the discipline and profession in response to environmental concerns affected by the inflamed context of the second half of the twentieth century around the world; shaped the ... Read More Changing the attitude of the urban planning discipline from the of growth to sustainability paradigm, due to the inefficiency of the discipline and profession in response to environmental concerns affected by the inflamed context of the second half of the twentieth century around the world; shaped the substantial and procedural orientation of this discipline to this dominant paradigm. The result of such a change in attitude in the late twentieth century was reflected in formal and informal planning education around the world, and different orientations towards sustainability and sustainable development were formed according to the context of each country. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pedagogical orientation of the planning discipline to the concept of sustainable development and its position in the academic field; An area that trains professionals to work in the profession. The present study is fundamental research based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Also in terms of data analysis, the method used is the qualitative method and the main tool used is content analysis, and SPSS software tools and capabilities have been used. The results of the authors' surveys in 128 universities in 9 different countries showed that the predominant orientation in the teaching of sustainability is to provide "an independent course on sustainability and environmental concepts" as well as "teaching sustainability in the procedure and substance of planning courses". The results of this can be seen in the case of Iran as a developing country that strives to move towards sustainability in the opposite direction in the profession to the discipline. In Iran, the only independent course on sustainability is the course entitled "Sustainable Urban Development.This course is an optional courses and presented in 2 theoretical units. However, among all universities with a doctorate in urban planning, this course is taught only in two universities, university of Tehran and Tehran University of Arts. On the other hand, in the master's degree in planning in different sub- discipline of the curriculum were examined. However, courses with environmental content and topics are offered in all sub- disciplines; But attention to the issue of sustainability can be formally seen in the sub- discipline of urban design and regional planning in one and two optional courses, respectively. The continuation of which will practically lead to slowness and serious gaps in replacing the growth paradigm with the sustainability paradigm. However, the proper orientation of the discipline in sustainability and sustainable development education in recent years has the message that this gap will be greatly reduced in the future. This means that the appropriate orientation of the discipline (education and research) is also reflected in the profession and responds to the needs in the field in the right direction. This is especially important in training graduates who are preparing plans and programs in the future. Paying attention to sustainability and sustainable development education as one of the criteria of Green Metric ranking system can be the subject of future applied research and can be considered as a step towards sustainability and sustainable development.

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Number of Issues	36
Number of Articles	324
Number of Contributors	657
Article View	518,799
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Number of Submissions	3,406
Rejected Submissions	2,518
Reject Rate	74
Accepted Submissions	309
Acceptance Rate	9
Number of Indexing Databases	12
Number of Reviewers	239

Volume 9 (2020)

Volume 8 (2019)

Volume 7 (2018)

Volume 6 (2017)

Volume 5 (2016)

Volume 4 (2015)

Volume 3 (2014)

Volume 2 (2013)

Volume 1 (2012)

1. Tourist wayfinding tools with different levels of familiarity with the environment

Abstract

2. Typology of Foreign Tourists in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar Using Two-step Cluster Analysis: an Approach to Urban Planning

Abstract

3. Flood hazard mapping in Sanandaj using combined models of statistical index and evidential belief function

Abstract

4. Modeling Urban Land Use Allocation using Spatial Justice Approach Based on the Multi-Objective Optimization Methods

Abstract

5. Evaluating the effects of health components on Choosing the Optimal rental Housing among Citizens of Shiraz

Abstract

6. Analysis of Institutional resilience structure for transition from crisis management to urban management resilience against earthquake (Case Study: Qazvin City)

Abstract

7. Assessing the behavioral pattern of tourism supply and demand Based on the Changes of the Capitalist System (Case: Karaj City and Surrounding Villages)

Abstract

8. Dimensions and Indicators of the Happy City in Mashhad’s Neighborhoods (Case Studies: Tabarsee Fareq Altahsilan Neighborhoods)

Abstract

9. Assessing the adaptation of urban spaces for persons with disabilities in Ardabil

Abstract

10. Evaluating the Quality of Urban Development Plans in Mid-sized and Large Cities in Iran

Abstract

1. The evaluation of environmental quality factors on the Behavioral patterns in urban parks- Case study: Mardom park of Hamadan City

Abstract

2. Social Capital and Urban Sustainability

Abstract

3. Analysis of Factors Affecting the Improvement of Pedestrian Walkway Spatial Quality and Pedestrian-oriented Spaces, in order to Increase the Social Interactions Level of People (The case study: Tarbiat & Valiasr axis, Tabriz metropolitan)

Abstract

4. Identification of factors influencing urban facade's design with an emphasis on aesthetics and ecological dimensions Case study: Valiasr (a.s.) Street –Free Region of Qeshm

Abstract

5. Physical–EnviromentalRehabilitaion Of The Central Core Of City Textures ,Toward Urban Sustainable Development (Case Study: Centeral Texture Of The Khorramabad City)

Abstract

1. Urban design: from Reviewing the Process to realization of product Towards an Incremental Process of Urban Design

Abstract

2. Functional explanation and identification of values of river‏ ‏‎ oriented public places from the ‎perspective of urban design (Case studies: Ardebil, Isfahan, Ahwaz, Rasht) ‎

Abstract

3. Identifying Technology Acceptance Constructs in Municiplity by the Grounded Theory Method

Abstract

4. Identification of Factors Influencing Land Readjustment Process in Urban Distressed Areas (Case study: Shiraz City)

Abstract

5. A post-implementation assessment of flagship developments impacts on urban neighborhoods: Case study, of Godal- Mosalla neighborhood, Yazd city, Iran

Abstract

6. Explaining the relation model of urban views and the desirability of emotional responses of Sanandaj citizens with the grounded theory approach

Abstract

7. The Impact of Urban microclimates on Environmental Comfort in Public open spaces (Shohada sq. in Mashhad)

Abstract

8. Evaluation of the Urban Squares Scape Using "Simon Bell Landscape Analysis Technique" (Case Study: Qom's Imam Khomeini Square)

Abstract

9. Explaining the relationship between the factors affecting the quality of the public outdoor spaces in promoting the socialization of the environment

Abstract

10. The Effect of Traditional and Modern Urban Morphology Patterns on Wind Flow and its Interactions with the Efficient Energy Approach (Case Study: Shahr Esfahan)

Abstract

11. The Effect of Urban Block Geometry on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Cold Climate of Iran (Case Study: Hamedan City)

Abstract

12. Investigation the relationship between physical urban environmental Quality and Perceived Stress of Citizen (Case study: Isfahan City)

Abstract

13. Identification and Prioritization to Environmental Quality Indicators in Coastal Areas

Abstract

14. Investigating the Effect of Contextualism on Spatial Resilience in Tabriz Historical Bazaar with a Focus on Spatial Capabilities

Abstract

15. Street Renaissance, an explanation of the re-reading of the social life of the central part of Zanjan

Abstract

16. Architectural Quality and Improving Quality of Life in Residential Complexes; the Effect on Residents' Health Status

Abstract

17. Incremental housing as a strategy in upgrading housing in informal settlements; Chabahar as the case study

Abstract

18. Analysis of aspects of the concept of participation in the process of designing public spaces

Abstract

19. Analysis of project stakeholders communication in an urban non-level intersection in Urmia using the power and interest matrix and social network analysis

Abstract

20. Evaluating the effects Urban planning Principles on Outdoor Thermal comfort with emphasis on Wind flow through Large Eddy Simulation; case study: Isfahan row housing models

Abstract

21. Hybridizing ethnography and grounded theory: a method for research in urban studies