نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی حمل ونقل، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی حم لونقل، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

افزایش تراکم جمعیت مناطق شهری در کنار فراهم آوردن مزایایی همچون کوتاه نمودن فاصله‌ها، باعث آسیب‌پذیری بیشترِ ساختارهای شهری در هنگام بروز حوادث می‌شود. ازجمله، تخلیه اضطراریِ مجتمع‌های ساختمانی شهری با دشواری‌های زیادی روبرو است که عمدتا به علت تلاش شمار زیاد افراد برای خروج به‌موقع با استفاده از راهرو، دستگاه پله‌ها و خروجی‌های کم‌عرض است. بر این اساس، بررسی چگونگی رفتار جریان پیاده‌ها در شرایط تخلیه اضطراری از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. هدف این مقاله، ارزیابی معابر پیاده مجموعه اداری شهر اصفهان -به عنوان نمونه‌ای از مجتمع‌های ساختمانی پر جمعیت و با اهمیت- با استفاده از شبیه‌سازی تردد در شرایط تخلیه اضطراری است. دلیل استفاده از روش شبیه‌سازی نیز آن است که گردآوری داده‌های پیشینی رفتاری و بازتولید شرایط واقعی تخلیه با دقت مناسب، در مواردی غیرممکن و یا اغلب پرهزینه و زمان‌بر است. درنتیجه امروزه پژوهش‌های زیادی مرتبط با موضوع تخلیه، با روش شبیه‌سازی شرایط تخلیه، به تحلیل رفتارها و سناریوهای محتمل می‌پردازند. در این مقاله، ضمن توصیف روش‌های موجودِ شبیه‌سازی تردد پیاده‌ها، روش مورد‌‌استفاده (رویکرد عامل‌مبنا) شرح داده شده است. سپس نرم‌افزار مورد استفاده معرفی و روش تحلیل آن ارائه شده است. در ادامه کلیه تهدیدات و مخاطرات برای مجموعه اداری شهر اصفهان بررسی‌شده و به‌منظور تعیین محتمل‌ترین آن‌ها، از نظر کارشناسان این حوزه استفاده شده است. سپس هفت سناریو متناسب با مخاطرات محتمل‌تر تعریف و در نرم‌افزار، شبیه‌سازی‌شده است. از نتایج اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی شش معبر بحرانی (گلوگاه تخلیه)، ارزیابی خروجی‌های فعلی و تعیین مکان دقیق احداث یک خروجی جدید در ضلع شرقی مجموعه اداری شهر اصفهان می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Pedestrian Corridors from Evacuation Perspective- Case Study: Administrative Complex of Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Toghi 1
  • Meisam Akbarzadeh 2
  • Ali Sabuhanian 3

چکیده [English]

                        Today, factors such as lifestyle, work and shortened distances, populations  mostly live communally and in high densities. Everyday, the number of old, single family houses decrease while the number of apartments and towers increase. An increase in the number of floors of building causes an increase in the number of people residing in them, and thus increases the probability of error and incident - for example - fire. Furthermore, evacuation of a large number of people from the narrow corridors and steps during a short period of time is unlikely. Therefore, determining a safe and quick evacuation plan through direct observation of real situations, carrying out controlled experiments (maneuver) and simulation methods for the collection and analysis of pedestrian behavior in different situations is of great importance.  In crisis mode, direct observation is rarely possible. Maneuver, in addition to being time-consuming and costly, is more likely to have behavioral errors. Moreover, atsmall and sparsely populated sites, maneuver can be assessed in terms of evacuationby holding practices . However, t such experiments at the more populous and larger sites is not feasible and simulation is used to forecast the effects of various emergency evacuation scenarios. Meanwhile, obtaining real data in this field requires costly and time consuming maneuvers and it is impossible to assess projects that have not yet been implemented. Hence, in this study software and simulations are used as is the norm at present for undertaking research in this field.
In this study, first, different models and approaches used for simulation are introduced and discussed and then a software based on these models was used. Then, an office building in Isfahan was studied to determine the most likely threats and hazazards through surveying experts in the field. According to a survey regarding the probability of damage to electricity rooms, gas and powerhouse facilities on the most vulnerable and the radius of destruction plants, gas plants, machine rooms, electrical rooms, will be the most pathogenic.[H1] 
 In the following seven scenarios, possible risks were defined and simulated in the software. By carrying out the shortest path analysiscurrent exit doors of the building were evaluated, and taking into account that a greater number of people used the east side of the building, an emergency exit door on this side was put forward. Furthermore,  this study identified six critical corridors (bottleneck at evacuation). 
Solutions presented in this study include widening doors of the building, installing emergency exit signposts, maintaining and making regular safety checks of facilities  keeping relief supplies in the building (such as high pressure valves for firefighters), reducing the number of fixed barriers ( such as gates, fences and chains at private parking lots ) and replacing them with interrupted plastic barriers.  , Marginal car parks should be better managed to create enough space for rescue vehicles to pass through and control parking on the main walkways near the main entrance  .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pedestrian walkways
  • Emergency evacuation
  • Risk Assessment
  • Agent-Based Simulation
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