نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه هنر اصفهان

3 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه هنر اصفهان

چکیده

جدایی اجتماعی_فضایی در شهرها(یا افتراق شهری)، پدیده‌ای چند بُعدی است که در فضا و زمان حادث می‌شود. این پدیده تنها به واسطه فضاهای تکه‌تکه شده یا تمایزات و اختلافات اجتماعی_اقتصادی مشخص نمی‌شود بلکه در بیشتر مواقع مرزهای تقسیم از برهم کنش جمیع موارد و تمایزات شکل می‌گیرند؛ اما تاکنون نگرش به این پدیده و مواجهه با آن به صورت جامع صورت نگرفته است. افتراق شهری به طور ابتدایی مسئله‌ اجتماعی شناخته شده‌ای است اما به فضا به عنوان عاملی مؤثر در شکل‌گیری و گسترش آن توجه چندانی نشده است. به همین دلیل نیز برای رفع این پدیده، نام و نشانی از شیوه‌های تحلیلی توأمان فضایی و اجتماعی_اقتصادی دیده نمی‌شود. در مقاله حاضر با استفاده از شیوه خط سیر «توسعه نظریه» که مبتنی بر مرور ادبیات موضوع به منظور توسعه و تکامل نظریه‌های موجود است، مفهوم افتراق شهری، به گونه‌ای که شرح‌ دهنده دقیق و همه‌جانبه‌ای از واقعیت بوده و از قابلیت بالای پیش‌بینی در اجرا برخوردار باشد، بسط داده شده است. در فرایند بسط مفهومی، این پدیده به دلیل حمل معانی فضایی نهفته، پدیده‌ای فضایی و اجتماعی_اقتصادی معرفی شده و با توجه به سهم هریک از ابعاد در ظهور افتراق شهری، مدل بررسی و مطالعه جامع‌نگر، مشتمل بر چهار بخش (محدوده‌های دارای ویژگی افتراق فضایی، محدوده‌های دارای ویژگی جداافتادگی (افتراق کامل)، محدوده‌های دارای افتراق اجتماعی_اقتصادی و محدوده‌های فاقد جدایی اجتماعی_فضایی(یا محدوده‌های یکپارچه)) طراحی و پیشنهاد شده است. به منظور آزمون مدل، محلات شهر اصفهان انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. سنجش وضعیت هر یک از 188 محله شهر و جایگاه آنها در مدل، حکایت از انطباق بالای نتایج با واقعیت و کارایی مدل در توصیف شرایط و جایگاه عرصه‌‌های شهری دارد. قرارگیری محلات محرومی مانند علیقلی‌آقا، زینبه، وحید، همت‌آباد، مارچین، جویباره، کوجان، بابوکان، شهشهان، اطشاران و قائمیه در محدوده افتراق کامل(جداافتادگی) و همچنین واقع شدن محلاتی مانند ملک، محدوده دانشگاه اصفهان، باغ نگار(آئینه‌خانه)، آبشار، سعادت‌آباد، هزار جریب، برازنده و شیخ اشراق (که از شرایط مطلوبی در هر دو بعد برخوردارند) در بخش فاقد افتراق مدل، گویای این واقعیت است. بر این اساس مدل جامع‌نگر پیشنهادی به واسطه ارائه تصویری واقعی از وضعیت افتراق محلات شهری می‌تواند به عنوان ابزاری در تصمیم‌سازی‌ها به کار رفته و با توجه به موقعیت قرارگیری محلات در هر یک از بخش‌های مدل، پایه‌ای برای تعریف اولویت‌ها و نوع اقدامات در برقراری توازن و برابری شهر به شمار آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a holistic framework in studying urban segregation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Saeid Izadi 1
  • Mohammad Masoud 2
  • Amir Mohammad Moazezi Mehr-e-Tehran 3

1 Member of the Board-Buali Sina University

2 Member of the Board, Isfahan Art University

3 PhD Candidate-Art University of Isfahan

چکیده [English]

Urban segregation as an undeniable urban reality is a multidimensional and multi-faceted phenomenon, which occurs in space and time. This phenomenon is determined not just by fragmented spaces or socio-economic differentiation but also by interaction of all dimensions (spatial, social and economic) and their differentiations. Despite these varieties, there is no holistic approach to studying and dealing with this phenomenon. Although segregation has been regarded as a social issue, little attention has been paid to space and spatial structure of the city as effective factors in formation and development of urban segregation. Therefore, in anti-segregation practices, there are no hybrid analytical methods of spatial and socio-economic aspects.
In this paper, the research method is “theory development trajectory” which is based on literature review and its aim is to develop and complete the existing theory. Thus, the concept of urban segregation is developed as a precise and comprehensive exponent of reality with a high degree of predictability in implementation. In the process of conceptual development, urban segregation - based on its spatial connotation - is introduced as a spatial and socio-economic phenomenon. The designed conceptual model depending on the contribution of the aspects of urban segregation manifestation includes four parts: “areas with Spatial Segregation (absolute segregation)”, “areas with Involuntary Segregation (absolute segregation)”, “areas with Socio-economic segregation” and “areas without segregation (integrated areas)”.For testing the model, neighborhood areas of Isfahan were studied and analyzed because nowadays, urban segregation is involved at urban quarter levels and becomes visible through the socio-spatial gaps. For clarifying the proposed model at the level of neighbourhood quarters, data gathered from analyzing effective dimensions on urban segregation was synthesized and the state of Isfahan quarters were determined based on the development ranking and average value of integration. Appraisal of 188 quarters and their place at the model presents high conformity of results with reality. Deteriorated urban areas and quarters such as “Aligholi Agha”, “Zeinabieh”, “Vahid”, “Hemmat Abad”, Marchin”, “Juibareh”, “Koujan”, “Baboukan”, “Shahshahan”, Atsharan” and “Ghaemieh” were placed at absolute segregation area (part (3) of the model) and affluent quarters such as “Malek”, “Isfahan University distrct”, “Bagh e Negar (Ayeeneh Khaneh)”, “Abshar”, “Saadat Abad”, “Hezar Jarib”, “Barazandeh” and “Sheikh e Eshragh” which are in a good state in each dimension were placed in part (1) of the model showing areas without segregation (integrated areas). Therefore, in the test, most of the deteriorated urban areas and quarters were placed in absolute segregation area of the model and affluent quarters in the northern parts of the city were placed in areas without segregation (integrated areas).Therefore, the findings reveal the model efficiency in describing the situation and status of urban areas. Due to the placement of the quarters at each four parts of the model, different descriptions for their status were obtained. Thus, proposed priorities and actions for each urban quarter should be planned according to their placement in the model.  It can be argued that this proposed holistic model can be used as an effective tool to support decision making regarding urban quarters and their level of segregation. The real and holistic image represented by this model acts as a base for defining priorities and types of necessary actions to establish balance and equality in the city. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban segregation
  • Holistic Framework
  • Gated communities
  • deprived areas
  • Involuntary Segregation
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