نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هئیت علمی و رئیس دانشگاه تبریز

2 هیئت علمی و رئیس گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه تبریز

3 مدیر پژوهشی و کارآفرینی دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز تبریز

10.34785/J011.2019.672

چکیده

 با توجه به پیشرفت‌هایی که در حوزه مهندسی رزمی در کشورهای پیشرفته به وجود آمده  و با توجه به نقش و جایگاه منحصربه‌فرد ژئوپلیتیک، ژئواستراتژیک و ژئواکونومیک کلانشهر تبریز در کشور و وجود تنوع خطرپذیری در آن، بررسی حفاظت از شهروندان و زیرساخت‌های آن ضروری است. در این مقاله سعی شده با استفاده از اصول و ملاحظات پدافند غیرعامل به مراکز ثقل شهر، نقش تدافعی و امنیت داده شود تا شهر بتواند در زمان تهدید مبنای خود یعنی حملات هوایی و موشکی، کمترین خسارات جانی و مالی را متحمل شود. تحلیل‌های لازم در مورد چگونگی پراکنش و نحوه استقرار مراکز ثقل در سطح کلانشهر تبریز با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای GIS و تحلیل شبکه‌ای انجام‌ شده است. نتایج بررسی‌های مدل تعیین سطوح مراکز ثقل کلانشهر تبریز نشان می‌دهد،از مجموع 32 دارایی‌، یک دارایی به‌عنوان مرکز حیاتی، 16 دارایی به‌عنوان مراکز حساس، 13 دارایی به‌عنوان مراکز مهم و دو دارایی به‌عنوان مراکز قابل نگهداری طبقه­بندی شده‌اند و در این بررسی‌ها با توجه به تهدید مبنا «حملات هوایی و موشکی» 20 مرکز از 32 مرکز مورد بررسی را این تهدید تحت شعاع آسیب خود قرار داده است. در تهیه نقشه نهایی پهنه‌بندی آسیب‌پذیری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار GIS حاصل از پنج معیار و بیست‌ودو شاخص مورد بررسی، نشان داد که 21 درصد از کل مساحت کاربری‌های اراضی شهر جزو مناطق آسیب­پذیری بسیار بالا و 3/32 درصد جزو مناطق آسیب‌پذیری زیاد است. الگوی پراکنش فضایی زیرساخت­های شهر تبریز با استفاده از مدل میانگین نزدیکترین همسایگی، نشانگر توزیع خوشه­ای زیرساخت­های شهر تبریز بود که این امر به‌دوراز اصول و ملاحظات پدافند غیرعامل بوده و تشدیدکننده میزان آسیب­پذیری مکانی شهر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of vulnerability of metropolitan gravity centers of Tabriz from the perspective of passive defense

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Pourmohamadi 1
  • Rasoul Ghorbani 2
  • Ghafour Alizadeh 3

1 Academic Board and Head of Tabriz University

2 Academic Board And Head of Department of Geography and Urban Planning Tabriz University

3 Research and Entrepreneurship Directorate of Payame Noor University, Tabriz

چکیده [English]

The main objective of this research is to identify and provide a solution for the vulnerable infrastructure of Tabriz city from the perspective of passive defense. Therefore, this research is a type of applied-developmental study with a descriptive-analytical method. Data was collected using library sources and a supplementary questionnaire filled by 20 experts in the fields of architecture, urban planning and passive defense. The findings of the research indicate the desirable condition of passive defense safety considerations in providing suggestions. The research planning process is as follows:
 
1. The quantitative model for determining the levels of the centers of gravity of the Metropolis of Tabriz shows that, from the total 32 infrastructures, 17 infrastructures are classified as vital and critical infrastructures and 15 are classified as important and maintainable centers, representing the significant number of vital and critical centers. Creating a large number of vital and critical centers instead of a single critical center and increasing the distribution of important centers in the city to promote the security of the city against military attacks are regarded as key issues in the discussion of damages and threats in passive defense.
2. According to the quantitative threat model in Tabriz metropolitan area, the threat of missile and airborne strikes were selected as the base threat: 20 centers of gravity out of the total of 32 centers are at stake of this threat, indicating the predominance of this threat on the assets of the city. Therefore, missile and airborne strikes were considered as a major threat in the modeling, network analysis and layer standardization in the GIS environment.
3. The final map of the vulnerability of the metropolitan areas of Tabriz drawn using fuzzy overlapping functions in the ARC_GIS environment with 22 effective indexes in the form of five criteria (vital arteries, crisis management centers, military and police centers, urban facilities and support centers), the basic threat of airborne and  missile attacks and coefficients of the criteria and indexes obtained from the Super Decision analysis software model show that the vulnerable zones of Tabriz are classified into five levels: The area with very low vulnerability is 13.7%, the  low vulnerability area is 9.5%, average vulnerability area is 23.5%, high  vulnerability area is 32.3%, and extreme vulnerability area is 21% of the total metropolitan area of Tabriz, which is in contradiction to the principles of passive defense and increases the spatial vulnerability of the city. It is therefore necessary to develop a strategy based on passive defense principles to reduce the vulnerability of the city.
4. According to the average model, the nearest neighbor, the average expected distance between infrastructures of Tabriz metropolitan area is 455 meters, but the average infrastructural gap is 264 meters. The ratio of the nearest neighbor is 58%, showing the cluster distribution of Tabriz city centers. This ratio is in contradiction to the principles of passive defense and exacerbates the spatial vulnerability of the city. It is thus necessary to apply the principle of dispersion of passive defense regarding centers of gravity in Tabriz.
5. According to the SWOT model, the results of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of internal factors by studying and identifying critical centers in Tabriz metropolitan area indicate that the city’s weaknesses are more than its strengths. Therefore, drawing on the strengths, some strategies must be used to reduce vulnerabilities caused by the weaknesses and threats of the city.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Passive defense
  • centers of gravity
  • vulnerability
  • strategy
  • SWOT model
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