نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فلاورجان، ، استان اصفهان، شهر فلاورجان

2 دانشیار مدیریت شهری ، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران.

3 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان.

10.34785/J011.2021.197

چکیده

تعارضات ذی­نفعان بازآفرینی شهری مانع بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های کامل مشارکت ذی­نفعان در بافت‌های دچار افت شهری است و از آنجا که مشارکت یکی از ارکان اصلی بازآفرینی شهری است، در نتیجه موجب عدم تحقق کامل برنامه‌های مذکور شده است. از این‌ رو، مدیریت تعارض ذی­نفعان می‌تواند اختلاف نظر و تعارض‌های بین ذی­نفعان بازآفرینی شهری را تعادل بخشد و موجب برقراری تعامل، مشارکت و همکاری بین آنها و ایجاد خلاقیت، اثربخشی و بهبود روند اجرایی طرح‌های بازآفرینی شهری شود. این مقاله بر آن است تا ضمن تبیین نقش ذی­نفعان بازآفرینی شهری در تحقق برنامه‌های توسعه شهری و جایگاه مدیریت تعارضات بین ذی­نفعان به عنوان یکی از عوامل موفقیت یا ناکامی طرح‌های یادشده، مدل «مدیریت تعارض ذی­نفعان بازآفرینی شهری» در ایران را بر پایه نظریه نهادی و حکمروایی همکارانه و با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی در محله همت‌آباد اصفهان (به عنوان مورد مطالعه این پژوهش) ارائه کند. از این رو با مطالعه مبانی نظریه نهادی و مفاهیم پایه شامل بازآفرینی شهری، مدیریت تعارض ذی‌نفعان و حکمرواییِ همکارانه، مؤلفه‌های مدل مفهومی پیشنهادی حاصل از بررسی متون و ادبیات بین‌المللی بازآفرینی شهری، تدقیق و ارائه می‌شود. سپس مدل پیشنهادی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، در زمینه محله همت‌آباد اصفهان مورد آزمون و تحلیل واقع می‌گردد. بدین منظور پس از شناسایی ذی­نفعان کلیدی و تعارضات اصلی آنان، از متن مصاحبه‌های انجام‌ شده با ذی­نفعان کلیدی و اسناد بازآفرینی محله یادشده، استفاده شده است. در نهایت، مدل مدیریت تعارض ذی­نفعان بازآفرینی شهری منطبق با زمینه‌ همت‌آباد اصفهان به دست می‌آید. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که مدیریت تعارض ذی­نفعان بازآفرینی شهری مستلزم شناسایی ذی­نفعان کلیدی، شناسایی تعارضات ذی­نفعان و ارائه راهبردهای حل تعارض مبتنی بر فرآیندهای همکارانه شامل برقراری چرخه تعاملی بین سه‌گانه مشارکت و درگیری اصولی، انگیزه مشترک و ظرفیت عمل مشترک است که با بهره‌گیری از فنون حل تعارض به ویژه مذاکره و گفتگوی چهره به چهره، موجب رسیدن به هم‌رأیی (اجماع‌نظر) ذی­نفعان در موضوع موردِ تعارض می‌شود. مدل یادشده با مدیریت مؤثر تعارض ذینفعان بازآفرینی شهری می‌تواند نقشی مؤثر در ظرفیت‌سازی و اثربخشی طرح‌های بازآفرینی اجتماع محلی در ایران ایفا کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conflict management model of urban regeneration stakeholders in Iran (Case study: Hemmat-abad neighborhood of Isfahan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Andishe Ariana 1
  • Gholamreza Kazemian 2
  • Mahmoud Mohammadi 3

1 Assistant professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan branch, Isfahan province, Falavarjan city.

2 associate professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran.

3 associate professor, Department of Urban planning, Faculty of Architecture & urban planning, Isfahan University of Art,, Isfahan.

چکیده [English]

Conflicts between urban regeneration stakeholders prevent full utilization of their participation capacities in areas with urban decline, and plans have not been fully realized as a result of conflicts since participation is a key element in urban regeneration.
The main purpose of this study was to present the conflict management model of urban regeneration stakeholders in Iran based on institutional theory and collaborative governance. In a case study, the Hemmat-abad neighborhood in the city of Isfahan, Iran was considered according to the history of several measures taken and plans proposed for renovation and improvement of the distressed areas and the failure of the projects so far.
Stakeholder conflict management can balance disagreements and conflicts between stakeholders of urban regeneration and lead to interaction, partnership, and collaboration among them, providing creativity and effectiveness and improving the implementation processes of urban regeneration projects.
This article aimed to present a model for conflict management of urban regeneration stakeholders in Iran based on institutional theory and collaborative governance using the method of qualitative content analysis for the Hemmat-abad neighborhood.
The components of the proposed conceptual model were presented through an investigation of the foundations of institutional theory and basic concepts including urban regeneration, stakeholder conflict management, and collaborative governance.
Then, the proposed model was tested and analyzed for the Hemmat-abad neighborhood using the method of qualitative content analysis. For this purpose, the transcripts of the interviews made with the key stakeholders and the documents on reconstruction of the neighborhood were used after identification of the key stakeholders and their main conflicts.
Finally, the conflict management model of urban regeneration stakeholders in regard to Hemmat-abad was derived.
For presentation of the proposed model, the main stakeholders were classified using the power-interest matrix. After the identification of the key stakeholders, the types of conflict (cognitive conflicts, conflicts of objectives or interests, normative conflicts, and conflicts of relationships) between them were specified, along with the status of each in the intervention management process  for regeneration of the Hemmat-abad neighborhood, to suit different conflict management styles (competition, collaboration, compromise, and avoidance).
According to this model for Hemmat-abad, identified conflicts in accordance with the collaborative style held the highest priority to enter the proposed management model due to the lack of experience in the competition management strategy. A collaboration cycle could thus be established at the prescribed stage.
In this model, three collaborative processes were used, including involvement and principled participation, capacity for joint action, and shared motivation using conflict resolution techniques, face-to-face dialogue in particular. In this case, dialogue was utilized as negotiation in order to establish the four components of trust-building, legitimacy, understanding, and common commitment with respect to the subject of conflict, leading to consensus between the conflicting parties. Thus, decision-making for achievement of a win-win situation means to meet the demands and expectations of both parties of the conflict. With effective conflict management between stakeholders, the proposed model was found to play an effective role in capacity-building and enhancement of the efficiency of the Hemmat-abad neighborhood renovation plan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban Regeneration
  • Stakeholder Conflict
  • Conflict Management
  • Collaborative Governance
  • Institutional Context
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