نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

10.34785/J011.2021.932

چکیده

       پژوهشِ حاضر مبتنی بر نگرش دیالکتیکی، تفسیری هرمنوتیکی از رنسانس خیابانی به‌عنوان ابزاری در دستیابی به استراتژی­های نوزایی و برنامه‌ریزی‌های انسان‌محور به منظور بهبود کیفیت زیست اجتماعی و ارتقای روزمرگی شهروندان در قلمروهای باز شهری است. این مطالعه درصدد است تا تأثیرپذیری فضاهای باز شهری را از مقوله‌های متنوعِ اقتصادی، اجتماعی _ فرهنگی، کالبدی و زیبایی شناسانه‌ که سابقاً به‌واسطه‌ رنسانس شهری به‌عنوان متأخرترین پارادایم در حل پرابلماتیک شهر شناخته ‌شده است را در قالب ‌استراتژی­هایی بیان نماید. از آنجایی‌ که این قلمروها تجلّیگاه حیات اجتماعی شهر و مکانی بر تبلور اندیشه‌های مدنی شهروندان هستند، این مطالعه گامی در راستای نوزایی، تحولات فضایی و تولید و بازتولید فضاهای اجتماعی از دست‌ رفته‌ شهر و ایده‌ای برخاسته از نظریه با رویکرد انسان‌محوری است. در حالی‌ که گردآوری اطلاعات به‌صورت اسنادی و میدانی با استفاده از پرسشنامه، مشاهده و مصاحبه و شاخص سازی تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها به روش کیفی با تحلیل محتوای متن، کدگذاری و تحلیل با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA انجام می‌گیرد، به دلیل موردی بودن پژوهش، تجزیه‌وتحلیل یافته‌های کمی در راستای توجیه یافته‌های کیفی با Amos انجام شد. جامعه‌ آماری پژوهش، پانل‌های هموژن از متخصصان امر هستند. نتایج حاصل از واکاوی‌ها، حکایت از وجود توان‌های بالقوه و پتانسیل‌های بالای محدوده موردمطالعه و البته مطلوبیتِ شرایط در انسانی شدن فضا دارند که به‌واسطه استراتژی­های رنسانس مبنای ارائه‌ شده در متن محقق می‌شوند. این پژوهش رنسانس خیابانی را به‌عنوان پاسخی بر ارتقای این پتانسیل‌ها معرفی می‌نماید، در حالی‌ که رنسانس خیابانی منجر به پایداری اجتماعی در محدوده مطالعاتی و درنهایت در کل شهر خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Street Renaissance: an explanation of the re-imagining the social life of the central part of Zanjan

نویسندگان [English]

  • isa piri 1
  • Leila Hashemi 2

1 Department of Geography & Urban planning, Faculty of Human Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Department of Geography & Urban planning, Faculty of Human Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

 
Highlights

Street renaissance as a responsive tool in problematic solution of public areas of the city, especially the street and re-reading social life, preserving civilization, achieving the idea of an interactive humanist space
Renaissance in order to renew the desirability of urban open spaces
Social-cultural revival of the street
Street renaissance as a tool in the production and reproduction of human-centered social spaces
In Renaissance strategies, the focus is on man and on human planning and design

  
1. Introduction
Addressing urban problematics by pondering urban streets and introducing street renaissance as a functional tool in solution of urban problems and social revitalization of public spaces will eventually generate and regenerate human living spaces that lead to different experiences of space objectivity on citizens’ subjectivity
2.Theoretical Framework
_ The concept of renaissance and urban renaissance
Renaissance means rebirth and a form of birth in a new life.
_ The concept of street and street renaissance
Street renaissance is a revolution in the sphere of technocratic and elitist reflection on the city, which fearlessly attacks the distressed, soulless body of the city, and is based on human dignity and a democratic, socio-cultural movement that seeks to cross out the unsightly streets of the city, leading to the renewal of utility on various perceptual, functional, and aesthetic dimensions of urban public spaces, including streets, sidewalks, squares, and sometimes neighborhoods.
 Urban renaissance is an idea aimed at the success of urban regeneration programs, promotion of sustainable lifestyles, design of physical spaces, and inclusion of all social groups in the city. On the other hand, urban renaissance is an approach to socio-cultural and economic revitalization.
_ Conceptualization of the indicators
The ideal of street renaissance is to present human spaces, generate and regenerate spaces as places for invitation and constant presence of citizens, and generate spaces admired by citizens. Therefore, for specification of the effectiveness of the indicators and components extracted from the contents, indexing is first carried out based on the criteria of environmental response, generation of social spaces, and human orientation of the space.
_ Renaissance-based strategies
Innovation strategies and human-oriented planning are aimed at improving the biosocial quality and enhancing the daily lives of citizens in open urban areas. Renaissance strategies are based on functional strategies in policy-making, planning, and design of public urban spaces that provide the scope of activity and the path to the desired conditions. These solutions can affect areas such as streets, sidewalks, and squares from economic, social, cultural, and other aspects and provide a policy and perspective on what they should be. They include economy-based strategies, culturally-oriented strategies, and social and aesthetic street strategies.
3. Methodology
The present study involved a dual analysis with both quantitative and qualitative methods; therefore, for specification of the effectiveness of the indicators and components extracted from the contents, indexing was first carried out based on the criteria of environmental response, generation of social spaces, and human orientation of the space.
_ Questionnaire
A questionnaire with 64 items was made, along with a direct interview  with statistical panels of experts (30 people). In this method, the Delphi technique was used with the Likert spectrum in order to confirm the indicators and components and the validity of the questionnaire according to Lavasheh’s model, where the items are specified by the expert panels as necessary, unnecessary but useful, or unnecessary. 60 of the items were thus specified as necessary.
_ Direct interview
The qualitative research method involved interviews and the content analysis procedure, composed of a point-to-point examination and fragmentation of the research text, a design of questions with raw data for face-to-face interviews on the research scope, and a classification of the phrases based on semantic units and coding of the detected words. In fact, content analysis was made with the three methods of open, axial, and selective coding to identify the core categories corresponding to the main concepts that made up the basic characteristics of the study, a careful bottom-up examination of the text.
_ Amos software
The Amos software was used along with structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis to identify the causal relationships between the variables in terms of how to obtain the street renaissance of the area. A proper level of fitness was indicated, besides a direct relationship between all the components and their effectiveness on each other, demonstrating that the proposed model of structural equations affected street renaissance.
_ MAXQDA software
A model was presented using the MAXQDA software to demonstrate the relationship between the research indicators in order to account for the effectiveness of street renaissance as a practical tool and the implementation of renaissance-based strategies in the generation of human social spaces.
4. Results and Discussion
The quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrated that the research indicators were of great significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis of insignificance was rejected, and emphasis was placed on promotion of potentials in space. In fact, quantitative and qualitative analysis, along with presentation of renaissance-based solutions, makes up the basis of a solution to the problem of urban open spaces, especially the street, and a reinterpretation of their past social lives.
5. Conclusion
Urban renaissance is a technique from the past century used in urban issues, which aims to innovate in the reflection on the city and the generation of human spaces. It is a model for modification of inefficient parameters and unsuccessful ideas in urban regeneration plans, especially for the street, which can lead to social revitalization of the central part of the city with economic, cultural, physical-structural, and social approaches.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Street Renaissance
  • Street Problematic
  • Space Reinterpretation
  • Basic Renaissance Strategies
Alpopi, C., & Manole, C. (2013). Integrated urban regeneration–solution for cities revitalize. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 178-185.
Asghari, R. Haji Fath Ali, M. (2012) A comparative study of the usefulness of urban streets in the process of one hundred years of contemporary developments. National Conference on One Hundred Years of Contemporary Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning. Alborz Province Building Engineering System Organization [in Persian].
Benevole, Leonardo (2016). History of pre-Renaissance architecture towards utopias. First Edition. (Volume II) . Sadat Officer. Niloofar Publications.
Benevolo, L. (2016). The architecture of the Renaissance (Vol. 1): Psychology Press.
Bentley, A. (2016). Response environments (B. Far, Trans.): Iran University of Science and Technology Publications.
Berman, M. (2007). The Experience of Modernity (F. Moradpour, Trans.  Vol. 1): New Design Publications.
Corrick, J. A. (2018). Renaissance (A. Yasai, Trans.): Phoenix Publications.
Consultants of Zanjan Municipality work report  from Creation Group (2018) . [in Persian]
Davies, T. (2017). Humanism. 6: Routledge.
Development and Development Plan (Comprehensive). (2013). Natural and Social Environmental Studies. Zanjan Housing and Urban Development Organization [in Persian].
Gehl, j. (2015). Human city (A. Ghaffari & L. Ghaffari, Trans.): Royal Architect Science
Giusti, C., & Maraschin, C. (2). Downtown revitalization and urban space: A case study in downtown Bryan, Texas. Cities, 60, 50-63.
Gökşin, Z. A., & Müderrisoğlu, B. (2005). Urban regeneration: A comprehensive strategy for creating spaces for innovative economies.
Habibi, S. M., Seyed Baranji, S., & Kahrba, S. (2017). The Relationship between Memorization and Social Participation in Recreating Urban Identity, Case Study: Rasht Municipality Square. Utopia architecture and urban planning, 9(17), 329-342. [in Persian].
Haghighi Boroujeni, H., Yazdanfar, & Behzadfar. (2015). Revitalization of urban spaces using outdoor cafes (case study of Chaharbagh Street, Isfahan). Journal of Fine Arts-Architecture and Urban Planning 20(3), 31-42. doi:10.22059/jfaup.2015.56876[in Persian]
Jafari, H. (2018). Agh Atim Ile Gonesh (A. Yasai, Trans.): Ons Publishing. [in Persian]
kazemi, a. (2005). Problematic daily life in cultural studies and its relation with Iran Cultural Studies and Communication 4. [in Persian]
khanmohammadi. (2011). Studies and Plan for Organizing and Improving the Green Field. niversity of Science and Technology Employer of Zanjan Municipality.
kia, h. (2017). Review and upgrade the urban design components of Ian Bentley et al. (Responsive Environments Book) at the entrance of cities, Case study: Karaj city - Chalous road entrance. Paper presented at the Fifth International Congress of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development https://civilica.com/doc/734553[in Persian]
Mansour Rezaei, M., & Modiri, A. (2014). A reading of the urban experience in the streets of Istanbul to the mental wandering in the streets of Tehran Case study: the independence of Istanbul, Lalehzar, Tehran. Journal of Fine Arts-Architecture and Urban Planning, 19(1), 43-56. [in Persian]
Pamir, S. (2015). reation of a vibrant urban center, principles of urban design and re-creation (B. Far, Trans.  Vol. 0): Iran University of Science and Technology Publications.
Parsipour, H., & Zia Tavana, M. H. (2013). Postmodernism and the city with an emphasis on urban planning patterns and designs. Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 4(13), 57-76. [in Persian]
Porter, L., & Shaw, K. (2013). Which Urban Renewal Comparison of International Reconstruction Strategies (Tabibian, Trans.  Vol. 0): Tehran University Press.
Rah-e Dana Information Network. (2015( . [in Persian]
Rogers, R. (2014). Towards an urban renaissance: Tehran University Publishing Institute.
Tibaldoz, F. (2014). Human cities, focusing on improving the public environment (h. leghaei & f. jadali, Trans.  Vol. 0): University of Tehran, Institute of Publishing and Printing.
Wahhabyan, F., Sajjadzadeh, H., & Babaei Morad, B. (2016). Investigating the effect of urban renaissance on the regeneration of worn-out urban service centers (a case study of Hamedan printing house). Paper presented at the National Conference on Architecture and Urban Planning. [in Persian]
Zieleniec, A. J. (2007). Space and social theory: Sage.