نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدیر گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه یزد مدیر پروژه آمایش استان فارس، مهندسین مشاور مأب

2 مدرس دانشگاه آزاد قزوین

3 کارشناس ارشد شهرسازی

4 مدیر اجرایی

10.34785/J011.2018.026

چکیده

برای شناسایی نظام‌های شهری، در نظر داشتن روابط بیرونی شهرها و اهمیت و نقش هریک از ارتباطات ضروری می‌نماید. از این‌ رو، درک صحیح ماهیت فضا و نیروهای شکل‌دهنده آن و درنهایت شناسایی شیوه سازمان‌یابی فضا در سطح منطقه، نیازمند شناسایی انواع روابط میان شهرهاست. در این پژوهش تلاش می‌شود سلسله‌مراتب روابط کارکردی بین شهرها در استان فارس مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. پژوهش حاضر در پی پاسخگویی به سئوالات ذیل خواهد بود: 1- الگوی سلسله مراتبی ارتباطات کارکردی استان فارس چگونه است؟ 2- برای تحقق الگوی توسعه متعادل منطقه‌ای، کدام کانون‌ها و کدام نوع ارتباطات از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است؟ این پژوهش در زمره پژوهش‌های اثباتی قرار می‌گیرد؛ از نقطه ‌نظر روش‌شناسی ، کاربردی و توسعه‌ای بوده و با روش کمی به بررسی سلسله‌مراتب ارتباطات شهری استان فارس می‌پردازد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه­ای جمع‌آوری‌ شده است. پژوهش حاضر سلسله‌مراتب ارتباطات شهری استان فارس را به تفکیک ارتباطات خدماتی (شامل خدمات گردشگری تفریحی، حمل‌ونقل، بهداشتی درمانی و آموزشی)، سیاسی و اقتصادی بررسی نموده و درنهایت براساس برآیند ارتباطات شهری خدماتی، سیاسی و اقتصادی، سلسله‌مراتب ارتباطات شهری استان را تبیین می‌نماید. بررسی الگوی ارتباطات شهری استان فارس بیانگر وجود ساختاری تک مرکزی_خوشه‌ای در استان است و شهر شیراز در مرکزیت مسلط استان قرار دارد. نهایتاً نتیجه می‌شود، توزیع خدمات در استان نقش مهمی در سلسله‌مراتب نظام شهری دارد و وابستگی‌های جمعیتی بیشتر متأثر از ساختار خدماتی و ارتباطی استان شکل ‌گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر چارچوبی پیشنهاد شده است که از آن طریق می‌توان تجسمی فراتر از سلسله‌مراتب شهری به روش‌های صرفاً مبتنی بر توزیع جمعیت یا خدمات داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the hierarchy of Functional relationships of urban network: The case of Fars province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Mohammadi 1
  • Vahid Moshfeghi 2

چکیده [English]

It is necessary to consider external interactions of cities, their importance and the role of each type of communication to analyze urban systems. Thus, an accurate understanding of the nature of space and the forces shaping it as well as identification of the form of space organization in the regional level requires identification of several types of interactions among cities. Besides, the importance of nodes at the regional level, such as an urban network, presents forms of space organization in correspondence with the levels of the urban hierarchy.
On the one hand, cities are categorized in proportion to their connectivity and power based on different flows of people, goods, capital and information. On the other hand, practical projects focus mostly on ranking settlements based on population, capacity and level of services.
The authors believe there are two main reasons why researchers have paid less attention to the urban network analysis in Iran. First, lack of inter-city and intra-city flow data and, second, absence of a comprehensive model to consider different types of linkages among cities.
This article aims to present an optimum pattern of urban network analysis according to available data in Iran including economic, political and physical data, as well as the data related to services including tourism and recreation, transportation, health, education, etc.
This paper examined the hierarchy of functional communications among cities in Fars province located in south of Iran. It aims to answer the following questions:
1. How is the hierarchical pattern of functional communications in Fars province?
2. Which centers and what types of communications are more important to achieve a balanced regional development model?
In terms of methodology, this study is a positivist research. The research method is applied and developmental and the quantitative methods are used to assess the hierarchy of urban communications in Fars province. The data is collected through documentary and library studies.
Assessment of the urban communication pattern of Fars province shows a partially mono-central clustered structure in the province. Shiraz is the dominant central place of the examined network. This is due to the concentration of population, economic, social and cultural potentials and powerful physical relationships with other cities. Marvdasht, Firoozabad, Fasa, Jahrom and Lar are the most powerful and multi-functional cities to modify the spatial structure of the province. These cities were ranked as secondary centers in the system of the city to play their roles. It should be noted that Marvdasht is the second most populated city in Fras province. In the light of its vacinity to Shiraz, Marvdasht has less superior services. Thus, Marvdasht is described as a low potential city to become a secondary center. Jahrom and Lar are located in the southern half of the province. These cities are considered to be at the second level of the hierarchy of cities in Fars. On the other hand, results show that lack of important functional centers is the most important problem in Fars spatial organization, especially in western and eastern areas of the province. Finally, in an overall view, the results show that distribution of services plays an important role in the hierarchy of urban system and that the demographic dependence is mainly affected by communication and service structures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • urban systems
  • urban network analysis
  • cities’ functional communications
  • balanced regional development
-         Anas Alex, (1997), Urban Spatial Structure, UCTC NO 357.
-         Antikainen Janne, (2005), The Concept of Functional Urban Area, Finding of the ESPON 1.1.1, Information Zur Raumentwicklung.
-         Capello, R. (2000). The City Network Paradigm: Measuring Urban Network Externalities. Urban Studies, 37(11), 1925-1945.
-         Dadashpoor Hashem, Afaghpoor Atusa, 2016, The New Epistemic and Theoretical Rationality Governing the Spatial Organization of Urban Systems, Scholarly Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1-28 [in Persian].
-         Dadashpoor Hashem, Rafieian Mojtaba, Atusa Afaghpoor, 2010, AN ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IN SOUTHERN COASTAL CITIES OF IRAN, Geography and Regional Development, No. 14, 97-131 [in Persian].
-         Davoudi S. (2003). Polycentric in European Spatial Planning: from an Analytical Tool to a Normative Agenda. European Planning Studies, 11, 979–999.
-         Dieleman, F. M., Faludi, A. (1998). Polynucleotide Metropolitan Regions in Northwest Europe. European Planning Studies, 6, 365–377.
-         Doran Derek, Fox Andrew(2015), Operationalizing Central Place and Central Flow Theory With Mobile Phone Data, PeerJ PrePrints 3:e1656,
-         Félix Pillet, M. Carmen Cañizares, A.( 2014) Raúl Ruiz, Héctor Martínez, Julio Plaza, and Jesús F. Santos, Applying the European Spatial Development Perspective in Low-density Regions: A Methodology Based on Mobility and Labour Market Structure, Urban Studies 51(3):577-595 •
-         Grunfelder Julien, Nielsen Thomas A.S. & Groth Niels B. (2015 ). Changes to urban form and commuting patterns: trends in two Danish city regions, Volume 115, - Issue 2
-         Hirst Michael.A, (1976), “Spatial interaction and regional structures in eastern Africa, East African Geographical Review, NO.13, 9-22.
-         Kloosterman R. C. and Musterd S. (2001) The Polycentric Urban Region: Towards a Research Agenda. Urban Studies, 38, 623–633.
-         Limtanakool, N., Dijst, M., Schwanen, T. (2007). A Theoretical Framework and Methodology for Characterising National Urban Systems on the Basis of Flows of People: Emprical Evidence for France and Germany. Urban Studies, 11(1), 2123-2145.
-         Limtanakool, N., Schwanen, T., & Dijst, M. (2009). Developments in the Dutch Urban System on the Basis of Flows. Regional Studies, 43(2), 19-196.
-         MalekHoseini Abas, Saffari Raad Ali, Ghasemi Ahmad, Rajabi‌Amir‌Abad Robabeh ,(2015), Analysis the Urban Hierarchy of Gilan Province between 1986- 2011- Based on: Rank-Size, logarithmic Models, the Lorenz Curve and the Gini Coefficient, Management System Journal, No. 30, 111-135 [in Persian].
-         Miro Oscar Mascarilla, Yegorov Yuri, (2005), Modeling Functional Area and Communiting Flows, Cuadernos de E conomia Vol 28, 27-44.
-         Moshfaghi Vahid, Rafiyan Mojtaba, (2016), EVALOUATING FUNCTIONAL POLYCENTRICITY, CASE STUDY; MAZANDARAN CITY NETWORK, The Journal of Spatial Planning, Vol. 20, No. 1, 207-234 [in Persian].
-         Moshfeghi.V, Rafian.M, EVALOUATING FUNCTIONAL POLYCENTRICITY OF MAZANDARAN NETWORK CITY. The Journal of Spatial Planning. 2015(In Persian).
-         Rafieian Mojtaba (1996). "Space Organization in Iran with Emphasis on Urban Systems", Doctoral dissertation, Urban Geography, Tarbiat Modares University [in Persian].
-         Rakhshani Naseb, Hamid Reza, Beik Mohammadi, Hassan (2008). Unbalance and inequality in the urban hierarchy of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Social Welfare Quarterly, seventh year, No. 29, 275-296 [in Persian].
-         Shokouee, Hossein (2006) "New Views in Urban Geography." Volume I, Tenth Edition, Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Human Sciences Books of Universities [in Persian].
-         Small John, Ross Simon, Witherick Michael, (2001), A Modern Dictionary of Geography LONDON, RRNOLD, FOURTH EDITION.
-         Soleimani Mohamad, Asghar Nazariyan, Mohamad Hasan Yazdani,( 2011), Iran, s Network Cities with Emphasis on Spatial Interpretation of Mony Orders, Journal Urban - Regional Studies and Research, Issue 7
-         Taghvai Masoud, Saberi Hamid,(2012), An Analysis of Iranian Urban Systems during the Years 1335 to 1385, Urban and Regional Studies and Research, No. 5, 55-76[in Persian].
-         Vasanen A(2012), Functional Polycentricity: Examining Metropolitan Spatial Structure through the Connectivity of Urban Sub-centres, Urban Studies 49 (16), 3627-3644,
-         Williams, B, Walsh, C, and Boyle, I (2010). "The Development of the Functional Urban Region of Dublin: Implications for Regional Development Markets and Planning." Journal of Irish Urban Studies.
-         Zebardast Esfandyar; Shahabi Mojtaba, (2013), VALOUATING POLYCENTRICITY OF MAZANDARAN Urban Area: Case study: Central Mazandaran (Amol-Babol-Ghaemshahr-Sari), Journal of Regional planning, Volume 2, Issue 8.
-         Zebardast Esfandyar; Shahabi Mojtaba, (2014), Analysis of synergistic development potential in polycentric urban areas. Case study: Central Mazandaran (Amol-Babol-Ghaemshahr-Sari), Journal of Regional planning, Volume 4, Issue 16.