نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی گروه جغرافیا و اکوتوریسم

2 دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.34785/J011.2018.022

چکیده

صنعت گردشگری به عنوان یکی از صنایع برتر در حال توسعه، امروزه جایگاه خاصی در اقتصاد کشورها داشته و با اثرات خود نقش فعال و مؤثری بر بهبود ساختار اقتصادی، اجتماعی_فرهنگی و محیطی جوامع ایفا می­کند. با توجه به اهمیت فزاینده گردشگری، تحلیل آثار آن بر سایر ابعاد ضرورتی ویژه خواهد داشت. شهر کاشان با برخورداری از توان­ها و فرصت­های ویژه گردشگری، در ابعاد متفاوت اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست­محیطی و کالبدی از این پدیده متأثر شده است. در این راستا هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی آثار گردشگری و نقش آن در توسعه شهری کاشان است. پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی_تحلیلی است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به تعداد 200 نفر محاسبه گردید. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته­ای با 65 متغیر است که روایی آن با استفاده از نظر متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 738/0 مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه‌ و تحلیل نتایج پرسشنامه از روش­های مختلف آماری و نرم‌افزارهایSPSS  و AMOS استفاده ‌شده است. نتایج حاصل از کاربرد مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان می­دهد، توسعه گردشگری اثر معناداری بر توسعه شهری در کاشان داشته است. این اثرگذاری دارای بار عاملی 29/0 و سطح معناداری 000/0 بوده که با استناد به آن می­توان گفت در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد گردشگری بر توسعه شهری کاشان اثرگذار بوده است. در شاخص­های تبیین کننده توسعه شهری رشد خدمات فرهنگی (کتابخانه، مساجد و ...) با بار عاملی 67/0 بیش از سایر ابعاد از توسعه گردشگری اثر پذیرفته است. بار عاملی 66/0 برای توسعه تسهیلات و خدمات زیربنایی و عمرانی (شبکه آب و فاضلاب، مخابرات و ...) این شاخص را در جایگاه دوم قرار داده است. همچنین معناداری اثر گردشگری بر بهبود معیشت ساکنان با بار عاملی 65/0 و سطح معناداری 000/0 مورد تأیید قرار می­گیرد. کسب بار عاملی 52/0 برای افزایش خدمات عمومی (خدمات بهداشتی، جمع­آوری زباله و...) متأثر از توسعه گردشگری این شاخص را در رتبه چهارم اثرپذیری از گردشگری در مجموعه متغیرهای تبیین کننده توسعه شهری قرار می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of tourism impacts and its role in urban development of Kashan

نویسنده [English]

  • M B 2

چکیده [English]

Objectives
Tourism, on the one hand, is important from the point of view of economic values and, on the other hand, from cultural, political and social viewpoints. It is important to geographically analyze the power and sufficiency of tourism because it provides an active and dynamic field for development in every region. Accurate scientific studies are needed to recognize the high potential of tourism in different regions of Iran and its effect on social and economic life of residents these regions, and to realize the link between tourism growth and its role in economic and environmental development of host areas. One of the touristic regions of Iran which attracts large numbers of internal and foreign tourists is the historical city of Kashan. Kashan’s historical, cultural and social attractions, its sport attraction in the Maranjab desert, rose-water festival, waterfalls, etc. have attracted native and non-native tourists and developed the city. Hence, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: how much does tourism development influence urban development? In addition to the modeling, what are the effective factors on tourism development? What are the effects of tourism development on urban development?           
Findings
In line with effective factors on tourism development and its role in urban development, a list of variables was identified and arranged according to theoretical basis of the study. Then, the variables’ validity was checked and confirmed. Afterwards, the variables were evaluated in the form of a structural model. The results of analyses indicate that tourism has been effective on environmental, framework, economic, and social factors of the region. The economic factor plays the most important role in specifying the effects of Kashan tourism development. Income growth is the most tangible indicator affected by tourism development in the region. Capital increase and job diversification are other important indices which are influenced by tourism development in Kashan. Social factor is another crucial factor affected by tourism in Kashan. Four indices are loaded in this factor, including decrease in residents’ peace, increase in local and family income, realization of value of the local culture and efforts for protecting it and increased quality of life. Environmental factor is another factor which is affected by tourism development. The factor has dedicated maximum number of variables to itself which shows that it is largely influenced by tourism development of the region. The last affected factor is framework. Unfortunately, tourism development of the region has been accompanied by many framework destructions.
Results
The results demonstrate that tourism development has an important role in urban development. This effectiveness was 0.29 at the significance level of 0.000. Therefore, with a confidence of 99%, tourism development influences urban development. Tourism development in Kashan accounts for 0.67% development in cultural services (library, mosque, etc.), 0.66% development in facilities and infrastructure services (water and sewage network, transmission, etc.), 0.65% improvement in residents’ living and 0.52% increase in common services (hygienic service, accumulation of garbage, etc.).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tourism Development
  • Urban Development
  • Modeling
  • Structural Equations
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