نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدرس دانشگاه پیام نور بجنورد

2 شهرداری بجنورد

3 هیات علمی دانشگاه یزد

10.34785/J011.2018.020

چکیده

 تحولات ایجاد شده در دهه­های اخیر و نیز عدم توجه به ویژگی­های یک مرکز محله مطلوب و کارآمد در هر بستری و مطابق با نظرات و خواسته­های استفاده­کنندگان از این فضاها موجب بروز مشکلاتی از جنبه­های مختلف در مراکز محله­ای شده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی مسائل و مشکلات پیرامون دو مرکز محله یعقوبی در بافت تاریخی و مرکز محله پشت سیلو در بافت جدید شهر یزد و تحلیل آنها از طریق تکنیک FMEA (که اساساً با هدف دستیابی به حد ایده­آل کیفیت مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد) می­باشد. با به کارگیری تکنیک یاد شده در عرصه شهرسازی و کالیبره نمودن آن با مفاهیم موجود در این عرصه، می­توان به شناسایی و حل مشکلات فضاهای شهری به روشی اصولی و کارآمد دست یافت. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و در بخش تدوین مبانی نظری به روش توصیفی و با استناد به مطالعات کتابخانه­ای بوده و در بخش دوم که مربوط به دو مرکز محله در شهر یزد می­باشد، به روش توصیفی_تحلیلی و از طریق مطالعات و برداشت­های میدانی، به کمک مصاحبه و پرسشنامه و با تأکید بر تکنیک FMEA صورت می­پذیرد. مهم­ترین نتایج این پژوهش در بخش مقایسه دو مرکز محله یعقوبی و پشت سیلو است که نتایج به کارگیری تکنیک FMEA نشان می­دهد، مرکز محله یعقوبی در عین وجود برخی کاستی­ها با توجه به نیازها و شرایط امروزی، به دلیل پیاده­مداری و قرارگیری فضا در سطح ادراک انسانی، فعال بودن کاربری­های تجاری محلی و همچنین ترکیب مطلوب کارکردهای برانگیزاننده حضور ساکنان نسبت به مرکز محله پشت سیلو وضعیت به مراتب بهتری را داراست.  براساس نتایج تحلیلی و اولویت­بندی مسائل، راهکارهای پیشنهادی برای بهبود وضعیت در دو مرکز محله یاد شده ارائه گردیده است. در نهایت جمع­بندی پژوهش به ارائه نکات و آموزه­هایی برگرفته از مرکز محله یعقوبی برای ارتقای کیفی مرکز محله پشت سیلو متناسب با شرایط بافت­های جدید اختصاص یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of Neighborhoods' centers in the city of Yazd based on Ideal Neighborhood center Indices using FMEA Analytical Approach (Case Study: "Yaghoobi" Neighborhood in Historical context and "Posht Siloo" in New urban development context)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mitra beyzaie 1
  • amin shakiba 2
  • mohammad reza noghsan mohammadi 3

1 مدرس دانشگاه

چکیده [English]

The developments in recent decades, along with inattention to the features of a desired and efficient neighborhood in each district as well as a disregard for the views and demands of residents of such environments have caused various problems in neighborhood centers.
The main objective of the present research is to identify the problems with Yaghoubi and Posht Silo neighborhood centers in the historical and new texture of Yazd, respectively. The research analyzes these neighborhoods using the FMEA technique, which is mainly used to achieve the ideal level of quality.
It is possible to identify and solve the problems of urban environments in a methodical and efficient way by using this technique and calibrating it with concepts in the field of urbanization.
This research is an applied study which uses descriptive method and library documentation to describe its theoretical foundations. The second part of the study is related to the two neighborhood centers in Yazd. In this part, the FMEA technique is emphasized through descriptive-analytic method using field studies and surveys, interviews and questionnaires. The most significant result of the research is that for comparing the two neighborhood centers, which is obtained using the FMEA technique. While having some shortcomings in terms of the needs and conditions of its present time, the Yaghoubi neighborhood is much better than Silo due to pedestrianization and the placement of space at the level of human perception, its commercial usages, as well as the favorable combination of provocative functions of the residents.
Drawing from the analytical results and prioritization issues, some strategies are recommended for improving the situation in the two neighborhood. Finally, the study summarizes the ideas taken from the Yaghoubi neighborhood center to improve the quality of the Posht Silo neighborhood center in accordance with the conditions of new urban textures. These ideas include:
- Determining the space and scale of space at the level of human perception;
- Relaxing the space by reducing the presence of drivers and assigning the neighborhood center to pedestrians;
- Bringing together user-friendly applications for local residents for permanent presence;
- Collecting users who are believed to be very important among people in Yazd and who are complementary to each other and have multilateral interactions;
- Providing climatic comfort in space, considering the important points in designing according to the warm and dry climate of Yazd;
- Handling the richness of visual sense in space due to the physical design of native architecture;
- Handling enough enclosure and permeability for a favorable local environment;
- Performing the promotion of native identity by utilizing the components of visual consistency while constructing complexes;
- Handling the gathering and presence of more people by opening up space at the center of activities;
- Handling security at all points using space resolution.
Regarding the above ideas, it may be stated that, despite their formation in earlier times, neighborhood centers in the historical textures analyzed, Yaghoubi neighborhood center being a representative of them, are successful local spaces that fulfill “space expectations” in urban design knowledge and provide the user with a desirable space to adapt to the features required to form an ideal neighborhood center.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • FMEA Technique
  • Spatial Quality
  • Yaghoubi Neighborhood
  • Posht Silo Neighborhood
  • Yazd
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·         Alizade. Kh (2011), An abstract of the FMEA (Failure analysis methods and its effects),Forogh Tadbir Quarterly, No. 15 [In Persian]
·         Beyzaie,M (2015), Redesign neighborhood center in new texture of yazd city with pattern of neighborhood center in historical texture, Master thesis, Yazd University, Faculty of Arts and Architecture[In Persian]
·         Daimler Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation. Potential failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). MANUAL REFRENCE, 2001
·         Davoodpur,Z. Saburi,F (2012), Application of  FMEA technique in the field of urban planning in order to prevent and solve urban spaces problems Case Study of Student Park in Tehran, Journal of Urban Planning and Research, No. 10 [In Persian]
·         Dermoot,M. Rabin, E. Reymond, J. Vikoo, L. Arbiyorgad, M (2001), Methods of analysis of failure factors and its effects (FMEA), Translator :novshad haghighi, Engineering Design and Supplying Parts Company, Tehran[In Persian]
·         Ghasemi,V.Negini,S(2010), Investigating the Influence of Neighborhood Texture on Social Identity, Emphasizing on Neighborhood Identity in Isfahan, Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, No.7 [In Persian]
·         Habib, F. (2007), Sustainability approach in urban context, environmental science and technology, No. 1[In Persian]
·         Khaksari, A (2009), Urban neighborhoods in Iran, Publications of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran[In Persian] 
·         Khodayi,J. Khazaee,M (2014), Comparative study of location of mosques in new and old textures to enhance the identity of neighborhoods (Case study: Mashhad), Sixth National Conference on Urban Planning and Management, with emphasis on components of Islamic city [In Persian]
·         Latifi, Gh. Safari Chabuk,N(2013), Reconstruction of the concept of the neighborhood in Iranian-Islamic cities based on the principles of New Urbanism, Urban studies Quarterly,No.7 [In Persian]
·         Maleki, A. Zuhoor,A. Ebadifard,A. Rezaee,F. Ebadian,K(2010), Design and modeling of an integrated structure FMEA/QFD In health care centers, Journal of  Payesh, No. 9[In Persian]
·         Maleki,L. Habibi,M (2011), Quality assessment in urban neighborhoods Case study of Chizar neighborhood, Architecture and Urbanism Letter, No. 7 [In Persian]
·         Pakzad,J.(2007), Design Guide for Urban Spaces in Iran,Shahidi Publications, Tehran[In Persian]
·         RadJahanbani, N. Partovi, P (2011), Comparative Study of Environmental Quality in Urban Neighborhoods with Sustainable Development Approach Research: Neighborhoods in the streets and Illigli Tabriz, Architecture and Urbanism Letter, No. 6 [In Persian]
·         Rezaee,K. Seyedi,M. Noori,B (2005),FMEA: Analysis of the error states and the resulting effects,  Iran Orootof Participation Company[In Persian]
·         Saraee,M.H . Aliyan, M. Khavarian, A.R(2013), Comparative Comparison of Quality of Life in Old and New Context of Yazd ( Case Study: Sixth Windfall and University Township Neighborhoods), Journal of Geographical Studies in Dry Areas, No.12 [In Persian]
·         Shahhoseini,P. Tavakoli,H (2013), Analysis of Urban Quality Quality Indicators Case: Vardavard District, 21st District of Tehran, Amayesh Mohit Quarterly, No. 24 [In Persian]
·         Stamatics DH. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. ASQ Quality Press: USA, 1995
·         Sultan zade,H.(2006), Urban spaces in Iranian historical textures, Tehran, Publications Office of Cultural Researches[In Persian]
 
·         Tavasoli,M (2002), Construction of the city and architecture in the warm and dry climate of Iran, Payam-Peyvand nov Publications, Tehran[In Persian]
·         Aghaee Ata,H. Afkhami,Gh.( 2009), Failure analysis and its effects, Journal of Mechanical Engineering, No. 64 [In Persian]
·         Alizade. Kh (2011), An abstract of the FMEA (Failure analysis methods and its effects),Forogh Tadbir Quarterly, No. 15 [In Persian]
·         Beyzaie,M (2015), Redesign neighborhood center in new texture of yazd city with pattern of neighborhood center in historical texture, Master thesis, Yazd University, Faculty of Arts and Architecture[In Persian]
·         Daimler Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation. Potential failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). MANUAL REFRENCE, 2001
·         Davoodpur,Z. Saburi,F (2012), Application of  FMEA technique in the field of urban planning in order to prevent and solve urban spaces problems Case Study of Student Park in Tehran, Journal of Urban Planning and Research, No. 10 [In Persian]
·         Dermoot,M. Rabin, E. Reymond, J. Vikoo, L. Arbiyorgad, M (2001), Methods of analysis of failure factors and its effects (FMEA), Translator :novshad haghighi, Engineering Design and Supplying Parts Company, Tehran[In Persian]
·         Ghasemi,V.Negini,S(2010), Investigating the Influence of Neighborhood Texture on Social Identity, Emphasizing on Neighborhood Identity in Isfahan, Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, No.7 [In Persian]
·         Habib, F. (2007), Sustainability approach in urban context, environmental science and technology, No. 1[In Persian]
·         Khaksari, A (2009), Urban neighborhoods in Iran, Publications of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran[In Persian] 
·         Khodayi,J. Khazaee,M (2014), Comparative study of location of mosques in new and old textures to enhance the identity of neighborhoods (Case study: Mashhad), Sixth National Conference on Urban Planning and Management, with emphasis on components of Islamic city [In Persian]
·         Latifi, Gh. Safari Chabuk,N(2013), Reconstruction of the concept of the neighborhood in Iranian-Islamic cities based on the principles of New Urbanism, Urban studies Quarterly,No.7 [In Persian]
·         Maleki, A. Zuhoor,A. Ebadifard,A. Rezaee,F. Ebadian,K(2010), Design and modeling of an integrated structure FMEA/QFD In health care centers, Journal of  Payesh, No. 9[In Persian]
·         Maleki,L. Habibi,M (2011), Quality assessment in urban neighborhoods Case study of Chizar neighborhood, Architecture and Urbanism Letter, No. 7 [In Persian]
·         Pakzad,J.(2007), Design Guide for Urban Spaces in Iran,Shahidi Publications, Tehran[In Persian]
·         RadJahanbani, N. Partovi, P (2011), Comparative Study of Environmental Quality in Urban Neighborhoods with Sustainable Development Approach Research: Neighborhoods in the streets and Illigli Tabriz, Architecture and Urbanism Letter, No. 6 [In Persian]
·         Rezaee,K. Seyedi,M. Noori,B (2005),FMEA: Analysis of the error states and the resulting effects,  Iran Orootof Participation Company[In Persian]
·         Saraee,M.H . Aliyan, M. Khavarian, A.R(2013), Comparative Comparison of Quality of Life in Old and New Context of Yazd ( Case Study: Sixth Windfall and University Township Neighborhoods), Journal of Geographical Studies in Dry Areas, No.12 [In Persian]
·         Shahhoseini,P. Tavakoli,H (2013), Analysis of Urban Quality Quality Indicators Case: Vardavard District, 21st District of Tehran, Amayesh Mohit Quarterly, No. 24 [In Persian]
·         Stamatics DH. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. ASQ Quality Press: USA, 1995
·         Sultan zade,H.(2006), Urban spaces in Iranian historical textures, Tehran, Publications Office of Cultural Researches[In Persian]
·         Tavasoli,M (2002), Construction of the city and architecture in the warm and dry climate of Iran, Payam-Peyvand nov Publications, Tehran[In Persian]