نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

2 کارشناس ارشد معماری در دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

3 کارشناس ارشد طراحی شهری، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری در دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

10.34785/J011.2018.032

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر به دلایلی مانند رشد جمعیت، افزایش مهاجرت و عدم امکان تهیه مسکن به وسیله اکثر این مهاجران، انبوهی از سرپناه های غیرقانونی، بدون رعایت اصول ساخت وساز و به صورت درهم تنیده شکل گرفته است. از این سرپناه ها با عناوینی چون سکونتگاه های غیررسمی یاد می کنند که دچار معضلات بسیاری از جمله عدم تأمین زیرساختها و دسترسی به خدمات هستند. از موضوعات قابل توجه در این نواحی، توجه به فضاهای اجتماعی به عنوان مدار اصلی زندگی شهری می باشد. در این رابطه ویژگی های کالبدی- فضایی بستر این سکونتگاه ها، با نقش بی بدیل در شکل دهی به فعالیت های اجتماعی، محور پژوهش حاضر می باشد که با هدف تحلیل نقش پیکره بندی فضایی محلات غیررسمی بر اجتماع پذیری، دو سکونتگاه حصار و دیزج در شهر همدان را مورد کنکاش قرار داده است. در این پژوهش کاربردی از روش تحقیق ترکیبی بهره گرفته شد. در مرحله نخست، در روشی کمی و در راستای نظریه حرکت طبیعی، با استفاده از روش چیدمان فضا و نرم افزارهای تخصصی Arc gis و Ucl depth map، چیدمان فضاها و نقش آنها بر رفتارهای اجتماعی شهروندان تحلیل شده است تا از این طریق بتوان عوامل کالبدی- فضایی مؤثر بر اجتماع پذیری در فضاهای شهری را مورد کنکاش قرار داد. سپس در راستای اعتبارپذیری و تصدیق پذیری بیشتر نتایج پژوهش، یافته های حاصل از روش کمی چیدمان فضا، از طریق روش کیفی نقشه شناختی مورد بازبینی و مقایسه تطبیقی قرار گرفت. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که پیکره بندی فضایی از طریق پنج شاخص کنترل، اتصال، همپیوندی، عمق فضا و شاخص ترکیبی خوانایی به طور معنی داری بر روند اجتماع پذیری سکونتگاه های غیررسمی اثرگذار است و به طور معنی داری منجر به افزایش میزان حضور، حرکت، تماس چهره به چهره، مکالمه افراد در فضا )به عنوان پیش شرطهای اولیه و اصلی شکل گیری تعاملات اجتماعی( و در نهایت اجتماع پذیری سکونتگاه های غیررسمی می شود. از تحلیل ها می توان نتیجه گرفت که نقشه های روش کمی چیدمان فضا، همپوشانی مناسبی با نقشه های کیفی شناختی دارند و مقایسه تطبیقی هر دو روش نشان می دهد که پیکره بندی فضایی درخت مانند و ممتد محله دیزج موجب استقرار الگوی حرکتی و به الطبع ایجاد تعاملات اجتماعی در بخشهای میانی این محله شده اما در محله حصار با ساختاری بوته مانند بسترهای جذب الگوی حرکتی و رفتارهای اجتماعی افراد در سطح محله پخش شده و منجر به اثرات اجتماعی- فرهنگی متفاوتی گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Spatial Configuration on the Sociability of Informal Settlements: (Case study of Hesar and Dizaj Neighborhoods in Hamedan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Alitajer 1
  • Pooria Saadativaghar 2
  • Mohammad Bashir Robati 3
  • Ahmad Heydari 4

چکیده [English]

In recent years, for reasons such as population growth, increased rural migration, and the migrants’ financial inability to afford housing, the host cities are facing the problem of illegal settlements that are built densely without observing the principles of construction. These are usually known as informal settlements which face many problems. One of the problems is the lack of social spaces that could act as the pillar of urban life. The issue of socialization and social interactions has been neglected in marginal and informal urban contexts, but it is more important that than in other contexts. It is because these contexts are in fact one of the most prominent manifestations of urban poverty in most Iranian cities with migration inflow. The promotion of socialization in these informal settlements, which are a part of the city’s body, is one of the main goals for increasing public welfare and citizens’ peace through the provision of their social needs. In recent years, hybrid studies have considered the relationship between cognitive maps and spatial configuration in assessing the shape of the constructed environment, but few studies have focused on adapting the findings of space layout approach by comparing cognitive maps when studying and measuring social behaviors of citizens in one of the most problematic urban contexts, i.e. informal settlements. This is an innovation in this research, an applied area and a step forward in the field of urban psychology, which can help urban planners and decision makers to identify and improve the morphology of more sociable urban neighborhoods. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of the physical-spatial characteristics of these settlements on sociability by examining the neighborhoods of Hesar and Dizaj in Hamedan. In the first step, the related literature and theoretical concepts were reviewed by library research and consulting with valuable sources on spatial configuration, socialization, and informal settlements. In the second step, the maps of the two neighborhoods were simulated in the Space Syntax software and analyzed formally and morphologically as follows. In the analysis of research data, in line with the natural motion theory, the role of spatial configuration was examined in the formation of behavioral and social patterns (in particular, socialization behavior). In fact, this applied study is based on a mixed methodology. In the first step, quantitative techniques were used along with the theory of natural motion, the theory of space syntax, as well as Arc GIS and UCL Depth Map software packages to analyze spatial configuration and its role in the social behavior of citizens with the aim of specifying the physical-spatial factors which influence sociability in urban spaces. The next step aimed at determining the validity and reliability of the results. In this step, the quantitative results were reconsidered by means of the qualitative method of cognitive maps. According to the findings, spatial configuration may affect the sociability of informal settlements through five indicators, namely, control, connectivity, integration, depth, and legibility. It may also affect people’s attendance, motion, face-to-face contact, and conversations (which are the major prerequisites of the formation of social interactions). Our analysis of the abovementioned informal settlements shows that the maps of the quantitative method of space syntax almost overlap with the qualitative cognitive maps. A comparison between the two neighborhoods indicates that the tree-like and continuous space configuration of Dizaj creates a motion pattern that leads to social interactions in the middle parts of the neighborhood whereas the shrub-like configuration in Hesar distributes the patterns of motion and social behavior all over the neighborhood and leads to more desirable social effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sociability
  • Spatial Configuration
  • Informal Settlements
  • Hamedan
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