نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

4 گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

10.34785/J011.2019.106

چکیده

جدایی­گزینی که به معنی جداشدن قسمتی از افراد یک مجموعه از دیگر افراد آن مجموعه است، یکی از معضلات بزرگ شهری است که یکپارچگی آن را به مخاطره می­اندازد و مانع سازوکار درست شهر به عنوان کلیتی واحد می­شود. برای مقابله با جدایی­گزینی، رویکردهای مختلفی به اجرا در آمده است. آنچه که این پژوهش به عنوان رویکردی تحلیلی برگزیده، بررسی این معضل شهری از منظر محیطی، کالبدی و فضایی است. پشتوانه نظری این پژوهش برای بررسی جدایی­گزینی، استفاده از تئوری نحو فضایی و مطالعه آن از دیدگاه پیکره­بندی فضایی شهر است. این تئوری بر این عقیده استوار است که ساخت فیزیکی شهر و ساخت اجتماعی آن بر هم تأثیر گذاشته و از هم تأثیر می­پذیرند. درهمین راستا محدوده کوی گلستان در شهر سبزوار به عنوان نمونه موردی انتخاب شده و هدف از این مطالعه کاهش جدایی­گزینی اجتماعی با کمک درک ساختار فیزیکی این منطقه و ارائه راهکار برای بهبود آن است. همچنین این بررسی به دنبال درک شدت اثر متغیرهای نحوی بر پارامترهای غیرنحوی است تا از این طریق بتوان به دسته­بندی مشخص از عواملی که بیشترین سطح تأثیر بر ساخت فیزیکی را دارا هستند، دست یافت. پژوهش از نوع اکتشافی و روش آن تلفیقی است و از هر دو روش کمی و کیفی برای پاسخ به سئوالات پژوهش استفاده شده است. روش کیفی به صورت میدانی با تکنیک مشاهده و ابزار چک لیست انجام شد و روش کمی با تحلیل فضایی خطوط محوری در محیط نرم­افزار UCL Depthmap صورت گرفت. در این مطالعه متغیرهای نحوی به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل و متغیرهای غیر نحوی به عنوان متغیرهای وابسته مورد سنجش قرارگرفتند و در نهایت با کمک تحلیل رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره در نرم­افزار SPSS، روابط آنها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که متغیرهای نور و روشنایی، دید و منظر، گوشه­­ های قابل دید، چگونگی دسترسی، عناصر دارای ارزش، ورودی­ها و گشودگی­ها، کیفیت ابنیه، قدمت بنا با متغیرهای نحوی دارای رابطه­ معنادار بوده و به ترتیب از بیشترین اولویت برخوردارند. براساس نتایج تحقیق، انتظار می­رود با اعمال تغییرات بر روی این متغیرها بتوان به حداکثر تغییرات در ساخت فیزیکی و در نهایت به تغییر در ساخت اجتماعی دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Spatial Configuration on Social Segregation in Old city of Golestan, Sabzevar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mozhgan Jafari 1
  • Bahram Siavashpuor 2
  • Abasalt Askari 4

1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

4 Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism,, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Plenty of research has been conducted worldwide on the notion of segregation and the factors effective on it. Globalization, economic crises, rise and fall of governments, and failure to invest in the housing sector are some of the major factors that have made segregation severer in cities. The current conditions of segregation and discriminatory behavior indicate the potential for economic growth without exploitation, including human resources and social and economic communication. Cities have turned into more of places where phenomena such as extreme poverty, social harm, and social segregation are concentrated. As a term, segregation, which denotes separation of some individuals in a group from others, is a major urban problem that jeopardizes integration in the city, and prevents it from functioning properly as a single whole. A variety of approaches have been adopted to confront segregation, including the analytical approach adopted in this research to investigation of segregation from environmental, physical, and spatial aspects. The theoretical framework of the research for the study of this urban problem involves the theory of space syntax examined from the perspective of urban space configuration. The theory is based on the idea that there is mutual interaction between the physical and social structures of the city.  This research involves a case study of a district in the city of Sabzevar, Iran known as Kuye Golestan, and is aimed at reducing social segregation by identifying its physical structure and presenting solutions for its improvement. The investigation also seeks to assess the effects of syntactic variables on non-syntactic parameters to help obtain a specific classification of the factors with the greatest impacts on the physical structure. This is an exploratory study with a hybrid method, where both quantitative and qualitative methods are used for answering the research questions. The qualitative method was implemented through a field study using observation as a technique and a checklist as a tool, and the quantitative method was implemented through a spatial analysis of the axial lines in the UCL Depthmap software environment. The syntactic variables were assessed as independent ones, and the non-syntactic variables as dependent ones, and the relationships between them were finally evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis in SPSS. The results of the study demonstrated that there were significant relationships between the syntactic variables and lighting, landscape, noticeable corners, convenience, valued elements, entrances and openings, building quality, and building age, in order of priority. On that basis, maximal changes in the physical structure are expected to be achieved through changes made in the above variables, which would lead to changes in the social structure.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Segregation
  • Theory of Space Syntax
  • Spatial Configuration
  • Spatial Relations
Abbaszadegan, M., Mokhtarzadeh, P., Awakening, R. (2012). Analyzing the Relationship between Spatial Structure of Urban Neighborhoods Development by Spatial Layout Method (Case Study: Mashhad City). Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 14, 43–63. [In Persian].
Amirfakhrian, M. (2013). A Study of the Pattern of Separation of Ethnic Groups in Mashhad. 5th Urban Planning and Management Conference [In Persian].
Arya Seven Cities Consulting Engineers. (2012). Golestan Worn Textile Improvement and Renovation Plan. Detailed Golestan Planning and Design Report. Sabzevar Municipality.
Azamzadeh, M. (2003). How to Resettle in Tehran. Journal of Humanities, Alzahra University, (1), 1 (2), [In Persian].
Charalambous, N. (2011). Understanding segregation: the relationship between urban form and social exclusion.
Dutta, S., & Bardhan, S. (2013). Patterns of Urbanization and Environmental Quality in the Context of Indian Cities. Environment and Urbanization Asia, 4, 287–299. https:..doi.org.10.1177.0975425313510768
Franciscus, H., & Maria, P. (1997). The perceived quality of the urban residential environment:a multi-attribute evaluation s.n. The perceived quality of the urban residential environment. s.n.
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The Social Logic of Space. New York: Cambridge University Press. https:..doi.org.10.1017.CBO9780511597237
Izadi, M., Masoud, M., Moazzi MehrTehran, A. (2016). Designing a holistic model in the study of urban differentiation phenomenon. Journal of Urban Studies, 20, 79–91. [In Persian].
Javaheri, H., Hatami Nejad, H., Ziyari, K. A., Pour Ahmad, A. (2015). Social Separation of Kamyaran City; Analysis on indices of Homogeneity and Spatial Isolation. Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 16, 1–18. [In Persian].
Karimi, K., Amir, A., Shaiei, K., Radford, N., Abdul, E., Zhang, J., & Mavridou, M. (2007). Evidence-based Spatial Intervention for Regeneration of Informal Settlements: the case of Jeddah Central Unplanned Areas. Proceedings of the Sixth International Space Syntax Symposium. Retrieved from http:..discovery.ucl.ac.uk.1314769.
Khattab, O. (1993). Environmental Quality Assesment . an attampt to evaluate government housing project. Forum, 2, 36–41.
Khoshab, A., Dorodi, H. M. (2014). Evaluation and Analysis of Determined Indices of Urban Decay Texture in Iran. 6th National Conference on Urban Planning and Management with emphasis on the components of the Islamic city. Mashhad, Khorasn Razavi province, Iran [In Persian].
Legeby, A. (2010). Urban Segregation and Urban Form. Retrieved from http:..www.diva-portal.org.smash.record.jsf?pid=diva2:362593&dswid=-4200
Legeby, A. (2013). Patterns of co-presence Spatial configuration and social segregation.
Lima, J. J. (2001). Socio-spatial segregation and urban form: Bel??m at the end of the 1990’s. Geoforum, 32(4), 493–507. https:..doi.org.10.1016.S0016-7185(01)00019-7
Machado Bógus, M. L. (2008). URBAN SEGREGATION: A Theoretical Approach. 13th International Plannig History Society Conference, 1–15. Retrieved from http:..www.observatoriodasmetropoles.ufrj.br.urban_segregation.pdf
Meshkini, A., Rahimi, H. A. (2011). Spatial segregation in suburban areas: An analysis of the social geography of Tehran suburbs. Teacher of Humanities - Space Planning and Planning, 2, 87–107. [In Persian].
Offia, E., Opoko, A. P., Adeboye, A. B., & Amole, D. (2013). Performance evaluation of residential buildings in public housing estates in Ogun State , Nigeria : Users ’ satisfaction perspective. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2(2), 178–190. https:..doi.org.10.1016.j.foar.2013.02.001
Rismanchian, A., Bell, S. (2012). Spatial separation of deteriorated tissues in Tehran city structure by spatial arrangement. Bagh Nazar Scientific Journal, 17, 69–80. [In Persian].
Sajjadzadeh, H., Izadi, M., Haghi, M. (2016). The Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Environmental Variables in Informal Settlements (Case Study of Hesar Neighborhood). Journal of Fine Arts - Urban Architecture, 1 (1), 15-27. [In Persian].
Sarai, M., Omidvar, K., Alizadeh Shuraki, Y. (2013) Analysis and Evaluation of Socio-Economic Indicators of Sustainable Development in Historical Neighborhoods of Maybod (Geophysical Research Quarterly, 28 (1), 177-202. [In Persian].
Siadatian, S., Pourjafar, M. (2014). Application of Justification Graph in Islamic Iranian Architecture (Case Study: Rasoolin Yazd House, Masouleh House). The Role of the World, (3), 27-42. [In Persian].
Tabasi, SA. A. (2016). Development of physical-social protection of Golestan neighborhood of Sabzevar using local tourism cultural capacities. [In Persian].
Vaughan, L., & Arbaci, S. (2011). The challenges of understanding urban segregation. Built Environment, 37(2), 128–138. https:..doi.org.10.2148.benv.37.2.128
Vaughan, L., & Hillier, B. (2007). The Spatial Syntax of Urban Segregation The City as One Thing. Changes, 67(4).