نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشجو

چکیده

امنیت، از اساسی‌ترین نیازهای جامعه بشری برای زندگی اجتماعی در عرصه‌های همگانی می‌باشد. نیاز به امنیت، در دومین پله از سلسله مراتب هرم مازلو قرار گرفته ‌است و پس از نیازهای فیزیولوژیکی، مهم‌ترین نیاز انسان برای دست‌یابی به مراتب بالای انسانی یا همان خودشکوفایی می‌باشد. حضور موثر و مداوم انسان در فضا نیازمند وجود امنیت است؛ بدون امنیت فضاهای شهری به فضاهایی سرد و بی روح و رعب‌آور تبدیل خواهند شد. رویکرد CPTED یکی از رویکردهای متاخر در افزایش امینت در فضاست. این رویکرد، روشی برای افزایش امنیت در فضاهای شهری از طریق طراحی مناسب محیطی پیشنهاد می‌دهد که در نتیجه آن مردم می‌توانند به شکلی موثر و با آسایش خاطر در فضاهای شهری حضور پیدا کنند. مرکز محله آخوند یکی از مهم‌ترین فضاهای شهری بافت قدیم قزوین و نماد هویت اجتماعی و فرهنگی و همچنین عرصه‌ای برای بروز تعاملات اجتماعی ساکنین این محله با محله‌های مجاور بوده است که در سال 1384 طرحی برای باززنده سازی آن ارائه شد و در سال 1387 مورد بهره‌برداری قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر تلاش می‌کند تا میزان امنیت مرکز محله آخوند را از طریق اصول رویکرد CPTED، مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار دهد. برای سنجش میزان امنیت فضای مذکور، روش تحقیق تطبیقی-توصیفی، به کار گرفته شده که با استناد به اصول رویکرد CPTED و همچنین از طریق مشاهدات میدانی انجام می‌گیرد تا بدین طریق مشخص گردد طراحی مرکز محله آخوند تا چه حد به راهبردهای CPTED در برقراری امنیت نزدیک است. نتایج پژوهش انجام شده نشان می‌دهد که طرح احیا مرکز محله آخوند به لحاظ تامین امنیت بسیار ضعیف بوده و در اکثر موارد در تغایر با اصول CPTED قرار دارد. بررسی‌های انجام شده حاکی از آن است که اصل نظارت طبیعی که یکی از اصول رویکرد مذکور در برقراری امنیت است، به هیچ طریقی در بازطراحی محله در نظر گرفته نشده است. در انتهای مقاله راهکارهایی برای افزایش امنیت مرکزمحله ارائه شده است؛ که از میان آن‌ها می‌توان به قرارگیری کاربری‌های متناسب با فضای مرکزمحله، جاذب جمعیت، فعال در شب و مختلط در مرکزمحله و ... اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Design of Akhoond District Center in Qazvin; Improving Security Level, Citing CPTED Approach

چکیده [English]

Safety is one of the most fundamental human needs and is a prerequisite for improvement of people’s welfare and health. In Maslow’s  pyramid having safety is placed at the second step meaning that  after physiological needs, safety is the most important need of human being that causes higher needs to be achieved and on the other hand enables people to attend public spaces. People cannot show up in an urban space without the sense of safety and therefor some dissonance will emerge when a space is vacant of people. The lack of safety is a remarkable reason that makes our public spaces unsuccessful. Thus, safety is essential for social life in public spaces. There are different methods to make a space safe for people but the most important of them are the dispositional approach and positional approach. CPTED is a positional approach effective in increasing safety in a space and aims to prevent the occurrence of crime. This method relies upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal act by designing the space in an effective way. Urban designers and planners can enhance the qualities of social life through appropriate environmental design suggested by CPTED.
Akhoond district in Qazvin is an important district because of its history dating back to the Safavid period and even now many people still live there. Therefore, it is very important to  investigate this district in terms ofsecurity. The center of Akhoond district is one of the most traditional spaces in Qazvin city and had been a good place for residents of adjacent districts to communicate with each other in past decades. However, currently the majority of its residents believe that insecurity and social disorders are the most serious difficulties of the district which have resulted in an unpleasant sense of place and loss of its social identity. The center of this district was redesigned in 2008 with the purpose of revival and animation[H1]  of place, but security levels are still perilous.
This paper first explains the concept of safe urban space and then introduces CPTED and its principals, theorists and studies. This is followed by an analysis of cases designed by CPTED principals. Finally, the case study of this paper,_center of Akhoond district, _ is evaluated according to CPTED strategies through a comparative-descriptive method by observing the space and social behaviours and subsequently some solutions are proposed. Research findings show that in designing the mentioned space the matter of safety has not been considered and consequently led to a high number of criminal acts. Hidden corners, inappropriate activities in and around the space and shortage of efficient surveillance are observed. Therefore, the proposed solution omits the spaces that allow criminals to commit crimes in that district. This way people will live in a safe environment and can use the space without fear. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • safety
  • Urban Space
  • center of district
  • crime prevention through environmental design
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 - هرم-سلسله مراتب-نیازهای-مازلوhttps://fa.wikipedia.org/-