Urban Planning
Nikoo Medghalchi; Hossein Bahrainy; Mojtaba Rafieian
Abstract
The advent of the information age in the 20th century Due to the great changes in the field of information and communication technology, the prevailing approach to maximizing the solution of urban problems and saving these technologies has advanced urban planners, designers and policy makers. Despite ...
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The advent of the information age in the 20th century Due to the great changes in the field of information and communication technology, the prevailing approach to maximizing the solution of urban problems and saving these technologies has advanced urban planners, designers and policy makers. Despite the novelty of these developments, the speed of its growth and extensive development has provided a wide range of interactions between different sections of urban studies. Coinciding with its growing trend, the corona virus has been spreading around the world since December 2019, re-examining the role of information and communication technology. Due to the lack of internal research (about 17 articles) in relation to information and communication technology and the city and the existence of a gap in this relationship, and the importance of paying attention to this area in urban studies, the purpose of this article is to identify, extract and provide interactive space. And is a research between the development of information and communication technologies on the subfields of urban studies, in order to introduce, classify topics, approaches and methods, as well as to use the results of research. In this regard, using the method of systematic review research, the content of published foreign scientific research was reviewed and analyzed. This started with searching for valid articles and by studying the abstracts and research results of more than 150 articles and monitoring them, and finally selecting 93 articles after entering the Excel software environment. The articles are published in English between the 30-year period 1990-2020. Monitoring, reviewing and extracting the key points of the articles will finally lead us to the following 8 categories, including 1) urban policy, 2) electronic participation, 3) smart city, 4) structure and spatial organization of the city, 5) travel behavior, 6) Digital divide, 7) Public space, 8) Competitiveness, and 30 sub-axes, each of which presented authors, work methods and research findings. Recent studies show that the spread of coronavirus has multiplied the use of information and communication technologies, and this will definitely change the intensity of its impact on the city and urban planning and design more rapidly. Therefore, this article is presented in order to explain the various dimensions of this issue.
Urban Sustainability
mojde erfani; Hossein Bahrainy; Manouchehr Tabibian
Abstract
Abstract Lack of attention to the “dynamic” concept of the landscape, the “holistic” approach to it, and the use of conventional methods in the study of urban development projects has shaped an urban landscape that is unable to meet the demands of its inhabitants over time. Therefore, ...
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Abstract Lack of attention to the “dynamic” concept of the landscape, the “holistic” approach to it, and the use of conventional methods in the study of urban development projects has shaped an urban landscape that is unable to meet the demands of its inhabitants over time. Therefore, considering the ineffectiveness and divergence of the study method in the urban development plans of Iran and given the variability of today’s city, it is necessary to adopt an appropriate approach to today’s urban conditions. Landscape Urbanism theory, with a general approach to the concept of landscape and accepting the uncertainty of the evolving city, has raised a new field in the global literature. This theory, with an approach to confronting the complexities of the contemporary city, sees the “landscape” as an active phenomenon over time and emphasizes functional dimensions beyond its purely aesthetic aspects. At present, there are criticisms about putting the theoretical aspects of this approach to practice. Since the highest application of this theory is in the field of landscape architecture, most of its criticisms relate to the field of urbanism knowledge, the application of its theoretical framework to the city scale and the lack of executive instances. In this regard, the correct understanding and analysis of the theoretical issues of urban planning and its adaptation to the concept of sustainability, as a basis for thinking, can reveal its hidden dimensions. It is clear that further research on the application of this theory, along with the formulation of design principles, is an important factor in reducing the gap between theory and practice, solving structural problems and identifying the potential of this new approach to urban planning. The purpose of this research is to describe the theoretical framework of “landscape urbanism” theory as a new approach in urban design that aims at achieving a sustainable landscape. This study tries to emphasize the “procedure” and “substantive” dimensions in the design of sustainable urban landscape while developing the theoretical framework of this approach based on sustainability concepts. In this regard, the present paper seeks to confirm the following statements: - Understanding the dynamic concept of landscape and its “holistic approach” in today’s urban conditions leads to the formation of a landscape that can be “sustained” on a time scale. - The “stability” of the city’s main structure, along with the “flexibility” of open urban areas and urban neighborhoods against the changing conditions and needs of the community, can provide the ground for the formation of a sustainable landscape in the present situation. - The approach of “landscape urbanism”, as an efficient approach in the studies of urban development projects in Iran, in addition to “substantive dimensions”, needs a “infrastructure” for realizing its theoretical framework in the field of action. Based on the results of the research, the concept of sustainability in the theory of landscape urbanism includes the “stability” of the main structure of the city and the “change” of activities and programs proportionate to the changing conditions over time. Thus, the theoretical framework of landscape urbanization, with the features of “uncertainty” and “change”, can be used to design “open spaces” within and around the city as well as “urban neighborhoods” that are more “adaptable” and “flexible”. In this regard, the emphasis is on participatory planning from the bottom up, the design of the process-oriented with an integrated approach from regional to local scale in the urban landscape, and on the local identity.
