Urban Planning
Yaghob Abdali; Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki; hossein hataminejad; Ahmad Pourahmad; Mohammd Salmani
Abstract
Operationalizing the concept of urban disaster resilience is a major milestone toward understanding both the characteristics that contribute to the resilience of cities to natural hazards and the interactions required to build and sustain it. While the measurement of urban disaster resilience has recently ...
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Operationalizing the concept of urban disaster resilience is a major milestone toward understanding both the characteristics that contribute to the resilience of cities to natural hazards and the interactions required to build and sustain it. While the measurement of urban disaster resilience has recently gained much attention, there is so far no optimal approach for operationalizing this concept and therefore there is a need to conduct more empirical studies on what constitutes disaster resilience and how to assess it. The city of Khorramabad is prone to many risks due to exposure to surface runoff flowing from the surrounding mountains, floods, flooding of rivers that pass through the center of the city, and the inherent feature of being located in a unique valley. Researchers predict that future weather-related events will increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change.The consequences of these events, i.e. damage to infrastructure and property, as well as personal injuries and loss of life, are likely to increase. In this study, a resilience assessment focuses on the inherent characteristics and capacities of Khorramabad in the context of flash floods from surface water or from the overflow of rivers. The measurement approach is based on constructing a composite index based on six resilience dimensions social, economic, institutional, infrastructural, community capital, and environmental of community flood resilience. This follows by developing a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method. The applied method is a combination of the DANP for prioritizing the selected indicators and the TOPSIS tools in order to get Khorramabad's urban districts ranked based on their resilience levels. Most of the data provided for the indicators are mainly obtained from the Iranian Statistics Center as the unique reference of the country's official statistics, Other required data were retrieved from publicly available information sources of Khorram Abad Municipality, Organization of Management and Prevention of Natural Disasters, Renovation and Equipping of Iranian Schools, and Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of Iran. The results clarify that District 23 is comparatively the most resilient district, while Districts 1, 4, 7, 13, and 17 are the lowest level of resilience. Such place-based assessments have an opportunity to track community performance over time and provide the tool to decision-makers in order to integrate resilience thinking into urban development and resilience-oriented urban planning.
Urban Planning
Bahador Zamani; Ehsan Babaei Salanghooch
Abstract
In recent years, the use of grounded theory methodology has increased in scientific fields related to the built environment, especially in urban planning and design. On the other hand, researchers' lack of attention to the foundations and methodological considerations of grounded theory and its readings ...
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In recent years, the use of grounded theory methodology has increased in scientific fields related to the built environment, especially in urban planning and design. On the other hand, researchers' lack of attention to the foundations and methodological considerations of grounded theory and its readings has sometimes led to a type of methodology with eclectic readings, which sometimes lacks and conflicts the nature of the grounded theory methodology and the primary considerations of the intended reading. Despite this, the review and evaluation of the quality of such research in the scientific fields related to the built environment, particularly urban design and planning has been done less. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to systematically evaluate the studies using the grounded theory methodology in urban planning and design in order to understand the appropriate application of the key tenets of this methodology in this field of knowledge and to provide suggestions for future applications. In this regard, the eligible studies have been selected by systematic search of papers published in reliable Persian-language scientific databases applying the systematic review method. After screening the existing studies based on the specified criteria, 44 studies published until 2019 were selected and evaluated based on the evaluation criteria of the grounded theory methodology. The results of the methodological evaluation of the conducted researches based on the grounded theory methodology showed that despite the increasing use of this method in urban planning and design research, many of these research have been unsuccessful in fully and accurately applying the principles and stages of the grounded theory methodology and its readings, and their results have been reduced to a diagram, model and conceptual framework instead of a theory as the expected achievement from the application of this method. In addition, the results of the present study showed that a number of the research only use a set of techniques of the grounded theory methodology including coding or memo writing. Neglecting important processes such as theoretical sampling, constant comparison and in-depth analysis of categories, has caused that these studies did not go beyond the level of description, and while limiting themselves to presenting descriptive themes and narratives, they rarely achieve theory building as the aim of the grounded theory methodology. Based on the findings of this paper, improving the quality of research based on the grounded theory methodology in the field of urban planning and design requires researchers with a correct understanding of the nature, characteristics and principles of the grounded theory and a deep insight of the readings of this method and their differences, in order to measure the appropriateness and justify the choice of the appropriate reading based on the aims and characteristics of the research.
Urban Management
Arastoo Yari hesar; Ali Dashti
Abstract
Islamic councils and municipalities are the main pillars of city administration in Iran. The importance and position of the Islamic Council of Cities as a policy-making body in the above laws has caused these councils to have significant effects on the processes and performance of urban management, and ...
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Islamic councils and municipalities are the main pillars of city administration in Iran. The importance and position of the Islamic Council of Cities as a policy-making body in the above laws has caused these councils to have significant effects on the processes and performance of urban management, and in other words, the performance of urban management is a function of the decisions and policies approved by this body, so it is necessary in order to harm This body should be evaluated for performance analysis and formulation of damage removal strategies, and naturally, the most effective tool for evaluating the performance of councils is their approvals. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the approvals of the Islamic Council of Tehran in the fifth period and to analyze their contents quantitatively and qualitatively. This research is a type of content analysis research. The data required in this research has been collected by field and documentary methods. The most important reference for the required data is the comprehensive system of approvals of the Islamic Council of Tehran. The statistical population of this research consists of all the approvals of the fifth term council of Tehran city. The results of this research show that the Islamic Council of the fifth term of the city of Tehran, although it has achieved considerable success and growth in terms of quantitative indicators, but the examination of the content of the approvals shows the failure of this council in carrying out the missions assigned in the Law on Organizations, Duties and Powers of Councils. is islamic A major part of the performance of this term of the council is made up of approvals that practically do not have much effect on increasing the quality of urban life, and there is a significant gap between the needs of citizens and the content of the approvals of the Tehran City Council. Also, the main focus of the Council's approvals has been on municipal issues rather than urban issues. Based on this, the suggested solutions include the focus of the council on regulatory issues up to legislation, distancing from superficial and theoretical issues, and addressing the main problems of Tehran city, and evaluating the operationalization of the council's previous approvals.
environmental psychology
alireza khadivipanah; islam karami
Abstract
The emergence of social housing as a necessity in urban planning systems, the problem of the present research is the quality of living in residential complexes and the premise of the research is the role of privacy in improving the quality of living. The aim of the research is to achieve a human and ...
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The emergence of social housing as a necessity in urban planning systems, the problem of the present research is the quality of living in residential complexes and the premise of the research is the role of privacy in improving the quality of living. The aim of the research is to achieve a human and social structure in residential complexes by improving the quality of living. The explanation of the components and criteria of the quality of residence and privacy and how it is realized in the samples of the research - four residential complexes in Mashhad) are the questions of the research. Through random sampling in the statistical sample (345 people) and using an open questionnaire, field research was conducted and using spss analysis software, the results of the studies were presented using descriptive tests, mean, correlation, regression and path analysis. . The findings show that there is a significant relationship and correlation between the two variables of privacy and quality of residence, and only two variables of residence status and gender have a direct and positive effect on the variable of quality of residence. A single or concentrated type like the Venus complex has the highest quality of residence and privacy in general and among the components of the quality of residence (perceptual-emotional, physical-functional, social-activity) and privacy components (individual-social, moral-religious). , behavioral-functional). The habitat quality of the scattered species (Farhangian complex) and then the peripheral species (Pars complex) are respectively in favorable conditions. And in relation to the privacy variable, the environmental species (Pars) and then the scattered species (Farhangian) are in favorable conditions. Privacy and quality of living in residential complexes have a correlation and positive significance. Finally, the results of the research are presented in three areas of designing residential units, neighborhood units and residential complexes.
Slum Settlements
zahra shahihagh; Minoo Gharehbaglou; Hamed Beyti
Abstract
Housing is considered one of the most important human needs, and marginal settlements are the solution of the low-income sections of the society to the housing problem, and it has gradually led to various problems and has made these settlements face serious challenges. Of course, various approaches have ...
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Housing is considered one of the most important human needs, and marginal settlements are the solution of the low-income sections of the society to the housing problem, and it has gradually led to various problems and has made these settlements face serious challenges. Of course, various approaches have been presented to solve this problem, and empowerment is one of the most up-to-date and efficient of them; One of the most important axis of which is gaining the power to control and master the forces affecting human life.Therefore, the aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between the livability of low-income residential spaces and the empowerment of its residents, and it seeks to answer the question, which factors have the greatest impact on the livability of residential spaces and the empowerment of its residents? And how do each of these factors affect the formation of the relationship between the two, if any? Based on the existing literature, a model of the most effective dimensions and criteria was extracted for the livability of residential spaces and the empowerment of its residents. In order to evaluate the theoretical model, four residential neighborhoods in the four marginalized areas of Tabriz city (Silab, Abuzhar, Zamzam, and Akhmaghayeh neighborhoods) were selected and investigated using the questionnaire method in the context of field studies.The basic research method of this research is correlation, which was evaluated by explaining the pattern of structural equations, viability as an independent variable and empowerment as a dependent variable. Then, the factor loading of each criterion and the position of each variable of the theoretical model was determined. The findings of the research indicate the importance of dimensions of livability of residential spaces in empowering its residents and show that the criteria of livability of residential spaces are in line with the realization of empowering residents. Also, the most effective dimension in the livability of residential spaces is the perceptual-semantic dimension and the most effective dimension in empowering residents is the psychological (cognitive) dimension; that the perceptual-semantic criteria of livability have the greatest impact on the mental capacity of the residents. Among the marginalized areas of Tabriz city, the northern area has low viability and empowerment compared to other areas and needs special attention.
Urban Ecology
najme sadat mostafavi; parvin partovi; Zhara Asadolahi
Abstract
As human-environmental systems, urban areas rely on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being, hence, it is necessary to include ecosystem services (ES) in planning to promote sustainable urban development. Arak as an industrial city with multiple environmental crises are still managed based ...
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As human-environmental systems, urban areas rely on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being, hence, it is necessary to include ecosystem services (ES) in planning to promote sustainable urban development. Arak as an industrial city with multiple environmental crises are still managed based on the comprehensive planning system in the form of master and detailed plans, which requires an ecological approach in urban development. Despite the growing interest in ES in research, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding its integration into urban planning. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining the current and potential use of ESs in urban development plans. In order to respond to this goal, content analysis method was used with a directional approach (deductive method based on theory) and the extent of addressing 19 ESs was investigated in three components of the plan (information base, vision/objectives and actions) in Arak development and construction plan. The results indicated the uptake of ESs concept in parts of the mentioned development document; however, this document lacks a holistic view of urban ecology and its benefits. In the three examined components, these services were mentioned 607 times implicitly (312 times - 51.4%) and explicitly (295 times - 48.6%), which received the most attention in the information base component (358 times - 59%). In this analysis, the difference in the score of cultural services (400) with provisioning (274), regulating (198) and supporting (30) services can indicate that cultural services are more inclusive compared to other services in Arak metropolis plan. The lack of consistency in dealing with each of the services or concepts mentioned in the three components shows that there is not a significant relationship between the studies in the collection data and information, analysis, formulation of goal and vision, and plan preparation, rules and regulations.
Urban Design
Nina Ghaslani; Azadeh Aghalatifi; Marjan NematiMehr; Hamid Nadimi
Abstract
Architecture and urbanism are related to the environment; The environment is the container of individual and collective experiences of people and forms the memory. Memory studies is a growing field of research that focuses on a wide range of disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, landscape ...
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Architecture and urbanism are related to the environment; The environment is the container of individual and collective experiences of people and forms the memory. Memory studies is a growing field of research that focuses on a wide range of disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, landscape studies, and architecture and urbanism. There have been researches in Iran and the world regarding memory in man-made environments and each of them has looked at the issue from a different perspective. This article aims to analyze and interpret what has been published so far in Iran, and to prevent repetition in this field and to find existing research gaps, it has analyzed the qualitative studies. This research is a systematic review of previous studies and 38 articles and 4 Ph.D theses in the country, where memory was their main topic, were selected and analyzed based on the shape of the Prisma. By studying their structure and content, it has been achieved to outline the current perspective of memory research. The results show the growing volume of memory studies focusing on collective memory. Repetition of the content of memory research, very little attention to special users of the environment such as children, elderly, etc., the focus of a large number of studies on the city of Tehran, the lack of examination of memory in different age periods of humans and the lack of attention to the individual memory of people from Special places such as childhood places are among the problems of studies in this field. Among the frequent categories combined with memory, we can mention identity, belonging to a place, attachment to a place, and revival and reconstruction. Also, the largest number of studies have focused on memory in urban public spaces and urban squares.
Urban Sociology
Mohammad Reza Zamiri; mahin nastaran; Mahmoud Ghalehnoee
Abstract
Assessment and evaluation of socio-spatial segregation has found a prominent position in urban and social studies after the improvement of computational tools. Bojnord was chosen as the capital of North Khorasan province after the division of Khorasan province in 2003 and in recent years, has experienced ...
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Assessment and evaluation of socio-spatial segregation has found a prominent position in urban and social studies after the improvement of computational tools. Bojnord was chosen as the capital of North Khorasan province after the division of Khorasan province in 2003 and in recent years, has experienced rapid and unexpected growth and expansion so that its population and area have doubled and tripled respectively. In this way, the form and manner of population distribution, especially the families that have entered the Bojnord urban space after extensive migration in these years, is more important and necessary in relation to the ethnic and cultural diversity and plurality existing in the city of Bojnord.
This research is of applied type and based on descriptive and analytical research method, and it was conducted with the aim of evaluating and explaining the situation and process of residential segregation of ethnic groups at the neighborhood level of Bojnord. In this research, using the statistical data of the population of Bojnord urban neighborhoods, to calculate and measure indicators indicating different dimensions of residential segregation between ethnic groups in the years after the establishment of Khorasan province. For this purpose, the collected data were analyzed with the help of Geo-Segregation Analyzer and ArcGIS software with the aim of measuring and analyzing two-group and multi-group indicators and concentration and clustering indicators (entropy and Moran's local coefficient I). Their output is presented in the form of maps and tables.
The analysis and explanation of the findings of the research show that in the years after the promotion of Bojnord to the capital of North Khorasan province, various indicators of residential segregation among ethnicities living in Bojnord are growing and it has been intensifying. Especially regarding the Turkmen ethnic group, the trend of growth and intensification of the aforementioned indicators is such that if it continues, it can lead to a complete separatist crisis in the Turkmen-inhabited neighborhoods of Bojnord.
Urban Economy
Gholamreza Moradi; Enayat Mirzaei
Abstract
In the planning system and urban economic studies, it is very important to identify the distribution, location patterns and configuration of various activities in the context of the city and organize them from the socio-economic, traffic, environmental, etc. perspective. In this context, the present ...
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In the planning system and urban economic studies, it is very important to identify the distribution, location patterns and configuration of various activities in the context of the city and organize them from the socio-economic, traffic, environmental, etc. perspective. In this context, the present study tries to analyze the location selection of clothing retail stores in Kazerun with a qualitative approach. The mentioned stores in Kazerun city have been located in the central market (Bazaar) and shopping centers connected to it for a long time based on agglomeration economies. But in recent years, these stores have chosen the street instead of the central market and using the benefits of agglomeration. Considering the importance and influential dimensions of this behavior change, the purpose of this research is to identify the reasons for clothing stores to stay away from the central market, their distribution pattern and location criteria in the city. In this regard, spatial and non-spatial factors and attractions affecting the establishment of clothing stores in the city of Kazerun on the edge of the street have been analyzed. The method of data collection was interviews with sellers and its analysis was done with the help of MAX QDA software and content analysis method. The results of the research show that street shops due to Bazar activity time limits, easier access, available parking, the impact of social networks, the impact of events such as the Covid-19 virus, the area and size of the shops, the atmosphere and personal reasons, the presence or Lack of empty shops, space for decoration and rent, they have preferred the street instead of the Bazar (Cluster of clothing stores). On the other hand, their location criteria on the strip of street respectively, include the presence of parking spaces for customers, dynamic and active streets, good visibility, proximity to activity attraction centers, size and length of shops, ownership and type of contract, proximity to competitors, proximity to complementary stores and cost which is provided by spatial analysis.
Urban GIS
Amir Baghban; sajedeh baghban khiabani; Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri
Abstract
Mashhad city is a religious metropolis and the center of pilgrimage tourism in Iran which during a very short period with the aim of development and modernization and changed the urban texture especially in the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza (AS) area without future study plans, While the modeling of the ...
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Mashhad city is a religious metropolis and the center of pilgrimage tourism in Iran which during a very short period with the aim of development and modernization and changed the urban texture especially in the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza (AS) area without future study plans, While the modeling of the inefficiency of urban texture has the possibility of identifying effective factors in the optimization of old texture and this advantage has not been used in the development planning of this pilgrimage city. For this purpose, a research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the weighted summation method and spatial statistics methods (spatial auto correlation technique and geographic weighted regression), with the aim of investigating the spatial of inefficiency texture in Mashhad, in which spatial analysis and zoning analyzed the inefficient structures and identified the factors affecting the inefficiency of this city. The results of the weighted summation technique showed that the peripheral areas of Mashhad were more inefficient than the middle areas. Also, the application of Moran's technique in this research showed that this coefficient was positive (0.1) in inefficient tissues, and therefore, the inefficient tissues of this city have followed the cluster distribution. On the other hand, the calculation of the Gates-Ord-J statistic also showed a high concentration of inefficient clusters with the predominance of hot clusters (about 30%). The results of the modeling of research variables also showed the effect of two variables of smallness, the ratio of rental units and the number of low-durable buildings on the inefficiency textures. The result of the fitting of the models used in this research showed that the level of inefficiency, cluster distribution and the factors affecting the distribution of clusters on the inefficiency of informal and marginal texture were more than the central texture. This result emphasizes the priority of the need for effective intervention in marginal textures as a prospect for the arrival of tourists and on foot pilgrims. The need to pay attention to changing the desired strategies according to the types of inefficient textures is reminded.
Urban Planning
Mohammad Reza YazdanPanah Shahabadi; Zeinab Adeli
Abstract
Identifying the Factors Affecting the Place Attachment in 3 scales: home, Neighborhood, city Abstract Place attachment serves as a pivotal metric in assessing the spatial quality of space, primarily due to its psychological dimension and its integral connection to the sense of place concept within urban ...
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Identifying the Factors Affecting the Place Attachment in 3 scales: home, Neighborhood, city Abstract Place attachment serves as a pivotal metric in assessing the spatial quality of space, primarily due to its psychological dimension and its integral connection to the sense of place concept within urban spaces. While extensively utilized in research across various place-related fields, less attention has been devoted to comprehending the influence of the "scale of place" on the development of place attachment.This study aims to uncover the influential factors shaping place attachment across different scales—namely, home, neighborhood, and city. Employing a qualitative approach, the research seeks to identify the factors impacting attachment through in-depth interviews conducted in six neighborhoods in Tehran. The qualitative content analysis method has been instrumental in extracting key concepts affecting place attachment, delineated into categories across the three scales.In the scale of the home, four discernible categories—housing structure, social belonging, environmental efficiency, and semantic belonging—emerge. At the neighborhood level, four distinct categories materialize: neighborhood efficiency, belonging to the neighborhood, social capital, and institutional-cognitive values. Meanwhile, the city scale reveals four categories: vitality, accessibility and efficiency, social dependence, and perceptual-semantic value.Significantly, the research findings underscore the neighborhood scale as the pivotal intermediary in shaping place attachment across all scales. Furthermore, the nature of the categories influencing place attachment is delineated as concrete and objective at the house scale, intangible and subjective at the city scale, and intermediate at the neighborhood scale.Keywords: Place Attachment, Scale of Place, House, Neighborhood, City
Urban Sociology
somayeh shalchi; Maryam Allah dousti
Abstract
فرهنگ یکی از مهمترین مولفههای حیات شهرها محسوب میشود و سیاستگذاری فرهنگی شهری می-تواند در نقش محرک و تسهیلگر سیاستهای توسعه شهری ظاهر شود. شهر تبریز به عنوان ...
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فرهنگ یکی از مهمترین مولفههای حیات شهرها محسوب میشود و سیاستگذاری فرهنگی شهری می-تواند در نقش محرک و تسهیلگر سیاستهای توسعه شهری ظاهر شود. شهر تبریز به عنوان یکی از مهم-ترین کلانشهرهای ایران در طول تاریخ همواره از ابعاد مختلف مورد توجه قرار داشته و یکی از تاثیرگذارترین شهرها بر تحولات فرهنگی ایران محسوب میشود. در این پژوهش سعی بر آن بوده است که سیاستهای فرهنگی شهر تبریز در چهار محور اصلی نامگذاری معابر عمومی، ساخت المانها و تندیسها، مواجهه با گذشته شهر و سیاستهای قومیتی، از چشمانداز ساکنین آن مورد مطالعه قرار بگیرد. همچنین به این موضوع پرداخته شود که ساکنین شهر تبریز سیاستهای فرهنگی شهرشان را چگونه روایت می-کنند و چه درکی از آن دارند؟ این پژوهش از نوع کیفی و با روش تحلیل مضمون(تحلیل تماتیک) انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، زنان و مردان تحصیلکرده بالای 25 سال هستند، که بیش از 10 سال در شهر تبریز زندگی کرده و آگاهی کافی در رابطه با درک سیاستهای فرهنگی را داشته باشند. نمونه شامل ۱۵ نفر (۸ نفر مرد و ۷ نفر زن) بوده که به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده و نحوه گردآوری دادهها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساخت یافته بوده است. در بخش نظری این پژوهش، از نظریات لوفور و تولید فضا، بنیامین و خاطره، دوسرتو و مقاومت، میزتال و حافظه بهره بردهایم. یافتههای این پژوهش در قالب هفت تم اصلی " رنج نسیان، ردپای خاطره، فروپاشی مکرر، سیاست حافظه، دیگرِی شهر، کانالیزه کردن فضا و کنشگری مقاومتی" بیان شدهاند. یافتههای این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در سالهای اخیر با اعمال سیاستهای از بالا به پایین و گاه نامناسب، شهر تبریز از الگوی توسعه شهری تاریخی و پیشین خود فاصله گرفته، مسیری متفاوت در پیش گرفته است. که همین امر ساکنین را با مقاومت نسبت به این سیاستها و با نوعی تعصب نسبت به شهرشان روبهرو کرده است.
Urban Scape
hajar Asadpour; Mahmoud Ghalehnoee; Armin Bahramian
Abstract
The visual aspects of historical urban landscapes are often overlooked, which leads to distorted and unclear images of landscapes that are recorded in the minds of citizens. To optimally manage the visual aspects of historical urban landscapes, it is necessary to take into consideration the affordances ...
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The visual aspects of historical urban landscapes are often overlooked, which leads to distorted and unclear images of landscapes that are recorded in the minds of citizens. To optimally manage the visual aspects of historical urban landscapes, it is necessary to take into consideration the affordances of the urban landscapes. A recent research study was conducted to explain the process of visual management of historical urban landscapes based on environmental affordances in the studied sample. The Zandiyeh area of Shiraz was chosen for the study due to the changes it has undergone in recent development and organization processes. The research aimed to answer two questions: what are the steps of the visual management process, and what is their status? What is the level of environmental affordances in the area? After conducting library studies and identifying the affordances of the environment, the studied area was networked using the "Photo Grid" technique. Experts were then asked to rate each affordance in this area based on images and their previous knowledge, using an image-based questionnaire. Additionally, various steps of the visual management process in Shiraz were evaluated. The results showed that the current situation of the historical urban fabric of Shiraz is plagued with three categories of problems: "Design and Planning Challenges," "Management Challenges," and "Challenges related to Understanding the Context." In the visual management process, the steps of "Developing Visual Protection Goals" and "Landscape Organization" are the least prioritized for action.
The research determined the visual management process in historical urban landscapes, which can be used in the Shiraz historical tissue. By emphasizing the step of framing and environmental affordances, it was determined that Zone No. 5 of the Zandiyeh area (the area adjacent to Vakil mosque and bathhouse) has all the affordances at the optimal level, while Zone No. 2 (Divankhaneh area) received a lower score than other parts, which requires more attention.
Urban Design
Seyed Muslim Seyedolhosseini; toktam hanaee; hadi sarvari; saeideh divsalar
Abstract
Today, with the development of urban spaces, the importance and role of public art in the city changes drastically, and artistic and cultural activities not only cause aesthetic development, but also take the form of creative placemaking in worn-out contexts. This space is becoming a key focal point ...
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Today, with the development of urban spaces, the importance and role of public art in the city changes drastically, and artistic and cultural activities not only cause aesthetic development, but also take the form of creative placemaking in worn-out contexts. This space is becoming a key focal point for responding to social and environmental concerns regarding the future development of a sustainable city. The purpose of this research is to analyze the methodology of the studies conducted in the field of public art, creative placemaking and happy urban atmosphere, and to examine the types of analysis methods and to be aware of the weak points of the methodology in the research. System. The method of this research is combined and applied, and the meta-method of scientific research articles available in Google Scholar has been used due to its high credibility, easy access to scientific resources and international influence, and with the main search in the period of 2013-2023. And by searching keywords, 26 articles were selected after the screening process and based on Saunders research onion layer classification, they were coded separately by MAXQDA software and the findings of this research were analyzed and the main methodological trends of this philosophy The research was analyzed. They are the subject of interpretive study. The direction of these studies is practical. The nature of the descriptive-analytical research, the qualitative research method and strategies belong to the case sample that has a strong relationship with archival documents and is based on the inductive approach. On the other hand, the most common method of collecting interview information is data analysis, content analysis, and quality quantitative analysis tools such as Google Map and Zoom software. The results of the current research show that there are various research methods for evaluating the perception, experience and interaction of society with public art and its effect on creative placemaking and happy urban atmosphere, which are sometimes not specialized and scientific and need to be revised. And it is a systematic classification that can open a new window to future research, and its results provide insights that seem essential.
Urban Planning
Bahare Bahra; Mojtaba Rafieian
Abstract
Background: The subject of the nature and management of conflicts in the literature of urban planning has a history almost as old as this discipline, and in recent decades, various schools of urban planning have reacted to this issue. The serious discussion about this issue started in the 70s and with ...
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Background: The subject of the nature and management of conflicts in the literature of urban planning has a history almost as old as this discipline, and in recent decades, various schools of urban planning have reacted to this issue. The serious discussion about this issue started in the 70s and with the popularization of participatory planning in the 80s, it has grown significantly and has been discussed in the world literature. The positions presented so far regarding the understanding of conflicts in planning are an incoherent and sometimes opposite set based on various theoretical-philosophical bases. In order to obtain a criterion for understanding conflict and conflict management in urban planning, according to the historical development of the engagement of planning theory with conflicts, this study has classified the viewpoints based on the prevailing theoretical-philosophical and contextual approaches. Filling this gap requires an answer to the question that each of the presented views of conflicts in planning is based on what theoretical or contextual approach?
Objectives: Description and understanding of conflict and conflict management in the context of urban planning and classification of this issue based on the evolution of planning theories over time.
Method: The methodology is based on meta-analysis and qualitative content analysis, and a systematic review in the Scopus and Google Scholar database and in the PRISMA framework was used to collect data. According to this framework, the content analysis of 183 English sources was done.
Result: The positions surrounding conflicts in urban planning can be considered as "managerial", "theoretical" and "situational" approaches. The situated approach includes conflicts in the fields of "spatial-locational patterns of the city", "land use and ownership", "urban development and regeneration", "Urban spaces" and "large-scale projects". The managerial approach includes "decision-making process", "conflict management techniques", "impact assessment" and "institutional analysis and design" and the theoretical approach includes "the role of planning theory", "the role of power institutions" and "the role of the planner" in understanding the problem of conflict. Management and theoretical approaches based on the historical course of understanding conflicts in the field of urban planning theories can be recognized in three paradigms: "positivist" with the belief in guided consensus, "post-positivist" with the belief in the end of conflicts through consensus based on discourse ethics and "critical" By emphasizing the hegemony resulting from consensus building and the constant reproduction of conflicts in planning.
Conclusion: Despite the ideological backgrounds and different approaches to the conflict, a political turn in this field is understood in the theory and practice of urban planning. Therefore, in this field, planners should go beyond the traditional relegation of their actions to a regulatory dimension and help to reconceptualize urban policy and transform the physical and symbolic dimensions of space.
Regeneration and revival of historical context
Reza Alishahi; Najma Esmailpoor
Abstract
Urban regeneration, despite the past decade’s consideration in Iran, has rarely been investigated comprehensively. Accordingly, this study examines the synthesis of the dimensions and components of urban regeneration in scientific research publications on urban planning during the 1390s and researchers' ...
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Urban regeneration, despite the past decade’s consideration in Iran, has rarely been investigated comprehensively. Accordingly, this study examines the synthesis of the dimensions and components of urban regeneration in scientific research publications on urban planning during the 1390s and researchers' attitudes towards it. This paper was conducted with a qualitative approach and the inductive reasoning method in three phases. The desk study method was used in order to extract the components and dimensions of urban regeneration. Afterward, related dimensions and components were identified and verified through the application of the content validity index in accordance with expert opinions. A systematic review was conducted in the second phase to select articles regarding urban regeneration. The content of these articles was analyzed using MaxQDA2020 and VOSviewer software. Finally, a Conceptual model was developed. As a result of the findings, the dimensions of society, economy, and culture, as well as the components of social participation, city and neighborhood economies, and cultural heritage, have received the greatest amount of attention and participation in the synthesis of urban regeneration research. However, the dimensions of environment, management, and law, as well as the components of laws and regulations and environmental pollutants, have received the least attention. According to the findings of the research, in the 1390's, two approaches of economic application of cultural heritage for the purpose of economic prosperity with the ultimate goal of social prosperity in the inefficient areas of the cities and taking advantage of the social potential of the urban areas in order to conduct urban regeneration received the most attention. Thus, a balanced approach should be adopted in order to increase the productivity of research by incorporating both new perspectives, such as paying attention to the capability of urban events as a concept linked to both. Aligning Iran's urban regeneration policies with theories like the Eventful Cities, and Iranshahr can enhance development success. This approach revitalizes urban spaces while preserving cultural and historical aspects, contributing to sustainable development and heritage preservation.
Urban Ecology
Hassan sajadzadeh; fatemeh ghorbanileylestani,
Abstract
The Effect of Vegetation on Reducing the Urban Heat IslandCase Study: Karaj CityIntroductionWith the rapid growth of population, urbanization is gaining momentum where urban areas are developed with greater proportion resulting into changes in existing landscape, buildings, roads, and other supporting ...
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The Effect of Vegetation on Reducing the Urban Heat IslandCase Study: Karaj CityIntroductionWith the rapid growth of population, urbanization is gaining momentum where urban areas are developed with greater proportion resulting into changes in existing landscape, buildings, roads, and other supporting infrastructure. Such a change replaces open land and vegetation in the form of permeable surfaces with concrete surfaces which are impermeable and dry in nature.The consequences of population growth and urbanization on the urban environment, climate, and water supply have caused a wide range of issues. One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). Such a development leads to the formation of urban heat islands whereby urban regions experience warmer temperatures than their adjacent rural surroundings.Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a growing problem worldwide and increase in the land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands in the metropolis ar n recent years, various studies continuously manifest that the increased ambient air temperature in cities caused by UHI phenomenon embraces enormous negative influences on social, environmental and economic dimensions of cities eas has become one of the environmental problems. The heat island affects the quality of urban life, including energy consumption, air quality, as well as human health.Strategies to mitigate the Urban Heat Island represent an important objective in design and urban planning, especially in cities in hot climates. Mitigation of UHI is necessary for cities to adapt to climate change and enhance sustainable development at a city scale. Cooling cities with urban vegetation management is a sustainable solution for urban heat mitigation and to increase thermal comforts of urban residents. Materials and MethodsRemote sensing is a powerful tool for environmental monitoring that can be used to help understand LULC and rapid urbanization and to estimate UHI and ndvi properties at the Earth’s surface.The present paper, Land cover maps within the administrative boundary of karaj city were derived from the cloud-free Landsat (downloaded free from http://www.usgs.gov/) with a resolution of 30 m for the years 2001-2021. at first 2 images of the warm seasons of the year from 2001-2021 were extracted from Landsat satellite including Landsat 7 (ETM+), Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) sensors. After the necessary pre-processing, land surface temperature (LST), and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) land use patterns were calculated for monitoring the land use changes in karaj. The land covers were classified into three types (built-up land, vegetation, and barren land) using the maximum likelihood classification approach.Therefore, the present study explored the relationship between LST and NDVI Karaj region of alborz. The relationship of LST with NDVI was examined using correlation analysis. We used a regression tree model to examine the nonlinear relationships between LST and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI).This study focused on tow objectives. Firstly, analyzing land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation (NDVI) indices. Secondly, investigating interrelationships among LST, NDVI. Finally, the environmental criticality index (ECI) was used to identify and analysis of the sensitive regions.Discussion of ResultsIn this paper, the negative impact of Urbanization over a time and its effect on increasing trend of temperature and degradation of urban ecology was assessed using the Landsat thermal data and field survey of karaj city, alborz.In karaj City, LST showed an increased trend from 2001 to 2021 years, as increase the maximum temperature in the period from 2001 to 2021 was 4 °C, while increase the minimum temperature of 19°C was observed from 2001 to 2021.The result showed that the type of land use had an effect on LST. The results showed that the arid lands around the city have the highest temperature and form very hot temperature areas. The observed results showed that the central portion of the city exhibited the highest surface temperature compared to the surrounding open area, the areas having dense built-up displayed higher temperatures and the areas covered by vegetation exhibited lower temperatures.The highest temprature of studied region is observed around the city due to existence of barren lands and in to the city around the industrial centers, around the airport, passenger terminal, around the metro stations, the highways and streets of heavily congested areas and urban decay context areas. At the same time, analyzing the land surface temperature maps in karaj indicate the areas without vegetation have a maximum LST and areas with high density vegetation have minimum LST.The landuse maps also show the reduction of barren lands, vegetation and increasing the urban landuse. This indicates that the decrease in vegetation cover and increase in urban landuse were the most important factors in development of the heat islands in karaj. Also Land use maps also show a decrease in the area of arid lands and vegetation and increase urban use.The findings show normalized difference vegetation index is strongly correlated with the variations of land surface temperatures. The correlation coefficient between LST and NDVI was negative and inverse. The highest environmental sensitivity was in the East and Northeast parts of the city were identified.ConclusionsThis paper has demonstrated the relationship between urban heat islands and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in karaj city. Results indicated that the spatial distribution of the land surface temperature was affected by the land use-land cover change and anthropogenic causes.The results illustrated that barren lands surrounding the city in continuous and dense have the largest urban thermal islands and forming very hot temperature limits and in the study area, extreme high-temperature zones were observed, possibly due to dense concrete surfaces.Hence, the development of green roof vegetation and tailored to the indigenous climate is proposed as solution to mitigate urban thermal island and dealing with environmental crisis.Keywords: Urban heat islands, vegetation, satellite images, Karaj
Regeneration and revival of historical context
Golbarg Ghaemmaghami Farahani; Hooman Ghahremani; Hossein Bahrainy
Abstract
Despite the numerous development plans formulated in Iran with the aim of enhancing place qualities so far, the assessment process of such qualities has remained rather expert-oriented, following a top-down approach. This has made for a growing disparity between actual users’ expectations and priorities ...
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Despite the numerous development plans formulated in Iran with the aim of enhancing place qualities so far, the assessment process of such qualities has remained rather expert-oriented, following a top-down approach. This has made for a growing disparity between actual users’ expectations and priorities discerned by professionals and executive managers. This gap manifests itself in a multitude of forms, such as the outward migration of residents and urban fabric gentrification. Abkooh is among Mashhad's oldest neighborhoods -with a history dating back to 400 years ago- that has failed to reclaim its place qualities in the contemporary urban context despite having undergone three development plans since 2006. The present study investigates the need to assess place qualities in deteriorated urban areas and proceeds to explore the distinctions between top-down and bottom-up assessment approaches in these areas. The present work endeavors to explore the theoretical approach to place quality through secondary research and qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA2018. Secondly, as the focal point of the current study, a phenomenological approach along with a combination of first-person and existentialist phenomenological techniques has been used to explore the nature of place quality in the Abkooh neighborhood and evaluate it. The results revealed that the quality of place in deteriorated urban areas can be examined in five perceptual-semantic, physical, socio-economic, functional, and environmental dimensions; However, in the Abkooh neighborhood of Mashhad, due to the distinct legal conditions, especially in the issue of land ownership, the legal-management dimension is one of the priorities affecting the improvement of the quality of the place; In addition, our results suggested a different prioritization of these dimensions across the Abkooh phenomenon and theoretical findings. By comparing the phenomenological results with the currently-implemented model of place quality assessment indicated in the latest approved plan entitled “Abkooh Neighborhood Quality of Urban Life Improvement Plan", it has been determined that the plan prepared for the mentioned neighborhood with a top-down evaluation approach has not been able to assess all the place qualities. Considering the different challenges of inefficient urban contexts, which in each case are affected by the existing context, results revealed that relying solely on theoretical studies and focusing on the priorities set by authorities would not yield a favorable level of place quality improvement and place-making in deteriorated urban areas and bottom-up approaches such as phenomenology are revealed to be crucial to evaluating the quality of the place.
Urban Economy
Gholamreza Moradi
Abstract
The agglomeration economies have long been a subject of interest among researchers. Previous studies in this area have primarily focused on the economic aspects at the national, regional, and city levels, with limited attention given to smaller scales, particularly streets. However, in this study, instead ...
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The agglomeration economies have long been a subject of interest among researchers. Previous studies in this area have primarily focused on the economic aspects at the national, regional, and city levels, with limited attention given to smaller scales, particularly streets. However, in this study, instead of considering the city as a unified entity, the main economic structures of the city have been examined by segregating them based on streets. By examining 3,804 companies in Kazerun, various indices such as location quotient, Herfindahl-Hirschman, and Shannon have been utilized to investigate the concentration of businesses and its implications, including specialization and diversity at the street level. As a result, not only have location-centric specialized and diverse streets been identified and presented, but the relevant industries and companies have also been included. The results show that economic activities, according to the type of services they provide, in addition to the space required for the activity, the importance of vehicle access, the amount of pedestrian traffic, proximity to population centers can be concentrated or spread in certain locations of the city so that that technical activities such as vehicle services (Khorramshahr Boulevard) and agricultural services (Ferdossi Street) in streets that are wider and farther from the city center and lack pedestrian traffic, more real estate consultants in new developments (Pardis Boulevard), medical centers in the city center (Salman Farsi Street), various streets (Northern and Southern Shohada Streets, Abu Dhar, Hazrati and Imam Khomeini Streets) are less wide than specialized streets and near the central business district of the city, busier sidewalks, and a variety of different activities in They have accommodated themselves.
Urban Design
Farzaneh Amoozadeh; Sara Soleimani
Abstract
Urban areas pose formidable environmental challenges, including harmful atmospheric emissions. This has culminated in elevated temperatures and urban densification. One of the most significant them is Urban Heat Island (UHI), which manifests more prominently in densely populated urban locales. Among ...
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Urban areas pose formidable environmental challenges, including harmful atmospheric emissions. This has culminated in elevated temperatures and urban densification. One of the most significant them is Urban Heat Island (UHI), which manifests more prominently in densely populated urban locales. Among the constituent components of urban morphology, water bodies such as rivers and lakes wield noteworthy influence on urban cooling oases. Due to their cooling attributes, water bodies substantially impact UHI through evaporation and heat transfer processes, surpassesing other spaces. In recent years, Tehran has been confronted with pronounced heating predicaments due to population growth. The construction of Chitgar Lake in Tehran provides a remarkable opportunity to explore water bodies' cooling effects and optimize urban structures. In this study, with ENVI-met4.4.5 software, based on the studies, 16 combined models were planned to compare urban scenarios based on urban form and geometry under climatic factors and PET thermal comfort index. From the obtained results, it was found that with the construction of Chitgar Lake, the ambient temperature has decreased and the humidity has increased. The thermal comfort index of PET shows that after the construction of Chitgar Lake, the thermal comfort is lower. The results obtained from the optimal urban form scenario showed that the higher the ratio of height to width of urban valleys, the temperature and thermal comfort index decrease, but the humidity increases. Also, the location of the buildings in the northeast to southwest direction has the lowest temperature and thermal comfort of PET, but it has more humidity.
Urban Tourism
leila Oveisi; akbar Pourfaraj; mohammadamir oveisi
Abstract
The emergence of child-friendly tourism has been a response to children's needs for leisure and in harmony with lifestyle changes. With the development of the city, the increase in population and the ever-increasing changes in the field of leisure and consumption, recreational commercial complexes ...
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The emergence of child-friendly tourism has been a response to children's needs for leisure and in harmony with lifestyle changes. With the development of the city, the increase in population and the ever-increasing changes in the field of leisure and consumption, recreational commercial complexes have entered the cycle of tourism and leisure of citizens. Improper design and neglect of children's needs in these urban spaces cause fatigue, behavioral abnormalities in children and create an unpleasant experience that can negatively affect the experience of companions, other visitors and tourists. In the present research, we intend to analyze the realization of the key components of child-friendly development in commercial and recreational complexes as a part and subsystem of tourism. The subject of our study is the business, entertainment and tourism complex of the Persian Gulf of Yazd.
The current research has been carried out with a mixed approach in two consecutive phases. The first phase of the research is qualitative with an approach based on grounded theory, which used the theme analysis technique of Clark and Brown (2013) to analyze the data obtained from the interviews. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 31 experts in the field of child tourism, architecture and design of child-friendly spaces, and child psychology, who were selected in a targeted way and as a chain reference. The second phase is a quantitative research which used the method of failure analysis and its effects to analyze the data. The results of the research during the theme analysis process, which included 5 times of continuous review between data sets and coded extractive summaries, led to the identification of 39 categories in the form of 7 main categories "facilities and physical facilities, management and planning, safety and sense of security, educational needs" and self-actualization, social and cultural needs, visual and appearance needs, and recreation, entertainment and social events.
As the results of the FMEA technique show, the category of developing codified regulations for spatial planning and management in the field of children with 370.58 RPN coefficient is priority 1, the categories of paying attention to children's scales in the design of space, designing the space of children's interactions in order to social integration and to arouse a sense of belonging. A space in the child, creating a physically safe environment, received the next priorities. These categories were related to the main categories of management and planning, visual and appearance needs, and security. These categories all refer to improving the capabilities of the commercial-entertainment complex. Since the needs of children do not show much dynamics, it is necessary to consider the development of child tourism with proper planning and investment in the private and public sectors.