Urban Scape
hajar Asadpour; Mahmoud Ghalehnoee; Armin Bahramian
Abstract
The visual aspects of historical urban landscapes are often overlooked, which leads to distorted and unclear images of landscapes that are recorded in the minds of citizens. To optimally manage the visual aspects of historical urban landscapes, it is necessary to take into consideration the affordances ...
Read More
The visual aspects of historical urban landscapes are often overlooked, which leads to distorted and unclear images of landscapes that are recorded in the minds of citizens. To optimally manage the visual aspects of historical urban landscapes, it is necessary to take into consideration the affordances of the urban landscapes. A recent research study was conducted to explain the process of visual management of historical urban landscapes based on environmental affordances in the studied sample. The Zandiyeh area of Shiraz was chosen for the study due to the changes it has undergone in recent development and organization processes. The research aimed to answer two questions: what are the steps of the visual management process, and what is their status? What is the level of environmental affordances in the area? After conducting library studies and identifying the affordances of the environment, the studied area was networked using the "Photo Grid" technique. Experts were then asked to rate each affordance in this area based on images and their previous knowledge, using an image-based questionnaire. Additionally, various steps of the visual management process in Shiraz were evaluated. The results showed that the current situation of the historical urban fabric of Shiraz is plagued with three categories of problems: "Design and Planning Challenges," "Management Challenges," and "Challenges related to Understanding the Context." In the visual management process, the steps of "Developing Visual Protection Goals" and "Landscape Organization" are the least prioritized for action.
The research determined the visual management process in historical urban landscapes, which can be used in the Shiraz historical tissue. By emphasizing the step of framing and environmental affordances, it was determined that Zone No. 5 of the Zandiyeh area (the area adjacent to Vakil mosque and bathhouse) has all the affordances at the optimal level, while Zone No. 2 (Divankhaneh area) received a lower score than other parts, which requires more attention.
Urban Economy
Gholamreza Moradi
Abstract
The agglomeration economies have long been a subject of interest among researchers. Previous studies in this area have primarily focused on the economic aspects at the national, regional, and city levels, with limited attention given to smaller scales, particularly streets. However, in this study, instead ...
Read More
The agglomeration economies have long been a subject of interest among researchers. Previous studies in this area have primarily focused on the economic aspects at the national, regional, and city levels, with limited attention given to smaller scales, particularly streets. However, in this study, instead of considering the city as a unified entity, the main economic structures of the city have been examined by segregating them based on streets. By examining 3,804 companies in Kazerun, various indices such as location quotient, Herfindahl-Hirschman, and Shannon have been utilized to investigate the concentration of businesses and its implications, including specialization and diversity at the street level. As a result, not only have location-centric specialized and diverse streets been identified and presented, but the relevant industries and companies have also been included. The results show that economic activities, according to the type of services they provide, in addition to the space required for the activity, the importance of vehicle access, the amount of pedestrian traffic, proximity to population centers can be concentrated or spread in certain locations of the city so that that technical activities such as vehicle services (Khorramshahr Boulevard) and agricultural services (Ferdossi Street) in streets that are wider and farther from the city center and lack pedestrian traffic, more real estate consultants in new developments (Pardis Boulevard), medical centers in the city center (Salman Farsi Street), various streets (Northern and Southern Shohada Streets, Abu Dhar, Hazrati and Imam Khomeini Streets) are less wide than specialized streets and near the central business district of the city, busier sidewalks, and a variety of different activities in They have accommodated themselves.
Urban Tourism
leila Oveisi; akbar Pourfaraj; mohammadamir oveisi
Abstract
The emergence of child-friendly tourism has been a response to children's needs for leisure and in harmony with lifestyle changes. With the development of the city, the increase in population and the ever-increasing changes in the field of leisure and consumption, recreational commercial complexes ...
Read More
The emergence of child-friendly tourism has been a response to children's needs for leisure and in harmony with lifestyle changes. With the development of the city, the increase in population and the ever-increasing changes in the field of leisure and consumption, recreational commercial complexes have entered the cycle of tourism and leisure of citizens. Improper design and neglect of children's needs in these urban spaces cause fatigue, behavioral abnormalities in children and create an unpleasant experience that can negatively affect the experience of companions, other visitors and tourists. In the present research, we intend to analyze the realization of the key components of child-friendly development in commercial and recreational complexes as a part and subsystem of tourism. The subject of our study is the business, entertainment and tourism complex of the Persian Gulf of Yazd.
The current research has been carried out with a mixed approach in two consecutive phases. The first phase of the research is qualitative with an approach based on grounded theory, which used the theme analysis technique of Clark and Brown (2013) to analyze the data obtained from the interviews. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 31 experts in the field of child tourism, architecture and design of child-friendly spaces, and child psychology, who were selected in a targeted way and as a chain reference. The second phase is a quantitative research which used the method of failure analysis and its effects to analyze the data. The results of the research during the theme analysis process, which included 5 times of continuous review between data sets and coded extractive summaries, led to the identification of 39 categories in the form of 7 main categories "facilities and physical facilities, management and planning, safety and sense of security, educational needs" and self-actualization, social and cultural needs, visual and appearance needs, and recreation, entertainment and social events.
As the results of the FMEA technique show, the category of developing codified regulations for spatial planning and management in the field of children with 370.58 RPN coefficient is priority 1, the categories of paying attention to children's scales in the design of space, designing the space of children's interactions in order to social integration and to arouse a sense of belonging. A space in the child, creating a physically safe environment, received the next priorities. These categories were related to the main categories of management and planning, visual and appearance needs, and security. These categories all refer to improving the capabilities of the commercial-entertainment complex. Since the needs of children do not show much dynamics, it is necessary to consider the development of child tourism with proper planning and investment in the private and public sectors.
Urban livability
Aliakbar Shamsipour; Zeinab Kia; Ghasem Azizi
Abstract
Urban spaces with different characteristics from natural environments require revision of traditional climatic zoning so that climatic conditions can be used in city planning and management. The city of Tehran, with its topographical, structural, physical, and geometrical characteristics and different ...
Read More
Urban spaces with different characteristics from natural environments require revision of traditional climatic zoning so that climatic conditions can be used in city planning and management. The city of Tehran, with its topographical, structural, physical, and geometrical characteristics and different urban development patterns, has different responses to different climatic conditions. Homogeneous climate response units (HCR) perform urban climate classification based on building density maps and the natural geomorphology of the earth, their purpose is to prepare a map with a set of homogenous areas with urban space, and its advantage is in providing climate guidelines for Planning is in comprehensive urban plans. To conduct the study, layers of spatial information of land use/cover, building density, green spaces, hydrographic network, air temperature, precipitation, road network, population density and city topography were used in the GIS environment. By integrating the layers of information, the urban climate map of Tehran was obtained in 17 climatic units, followed by 8 climatic guidelines for urban planning. The results obtained from the analysis of the findings showed that mountains, riverbeds, lakes and green spaces are among the most important homogenous climate response units of Tehran, which should be preserved. The central and southern areas of the city do not have favourable weather conditions and proper ventilation and have heat stress and high-intensity air pollution. One of the reasons is the high construction density, population, activity, traffic and lack of green infrastructure. The north of Tehran has a good climatic condition, one of the reasons for which is the proximity of this area to the mountains and rivers of the north of the city. The physical expansion of the city on the side of the heights, especially in the direction of the gorges often reduces the dynamic capacity of the atmosphere, ventilation and air circulation. It is one of the factors of increases the environmental heat load the formation of urban heat islands and intensifying air pollution.
Urban Planning
esmail DALIR
Abstract
Bioethics can serve as a basis for creating a global ethical habitat and as a real space of justice and a new metanarrative. This article has been compiled with the aim of identifying and determining the dimensions of social justice and its relevance and impact on the biological ethics of Ardabili citizens. ...
Read More
Bioethics can serve as a basis for creating a global ethical habitat and as a real space of justice and a new metanarrative. This article has been compiled with the aim of identifying and determining the dimensions of social justice and its relevance and impact on the biological ethics of Ardabili citizens. The current descriptive-analytical research based on Cochran's formula, among 529374 citizens of Ardabili, 383 People have Been determined as a statistical sample. Then, 40 research questions with a Likert scale for 20 items were provided to the statistical sample. In order to complete the research, a combined model (factor analysis, model) was used, the data was first analyzed through spss software version 20 with the factor analysis method and then through the model. The results showed: based on the factor analysis, fairness, equality, need, economic individualism have the greatest to least effect on citizens' bioethics, respectively. The output of the Waspas model also showed that the urban areas: one, two, five, three, four have obtained the highest to the lowest amount of social justice criteria, respectively. Region 1 has developed about 50% of the components in itself. The rest of the urban areas have performed below average, so that only about 38% of social justice dimensions have been realized in the four urban areas.The rest of the urban areas have performed below average, so that only about 38% of social justice dimensions have been realized in the four urban areas.The rest of the urban areas have performed below average, so that only about 38% of social justice dimensions have been realized in the four urban areas.
Urban Planning
Fatemeh Shams; Mohammad Reza Pourjafar; Seyed Mahdi Khatami; ali soltani
Abstract
The concept of a traditional neighborhood as a social unit within a geographical area and in the role of a self-reliance system is perhaps as old as human life. For thousands of years, the neighborhood as an understandable physical and urban heritage has saved the society from collapse by maintaining ...
Read More
The concept of a traditional neighborhood as a social unit within a geographical area and in the role of a self-reliance system is perhaps as old as human life. For thousands of years, the neighborhood as an understandable physical and urban heritage has saved the society from collapse by maintaining organized and place-oriented social groupings, and multi-level urban integrity. It seems that in today's societies, in order to achieve the forgotten urban values, redefining the neighborhood has a special place and can be considered the most fundamental urban element and a mediator between the city and the citizens. The present study was conducted in response to the conceptual and spatial nature of the traditional neighborhood and making it subjective, under the interpretive paradigm and in terms of the research method based on the qualitative approach. Since the goal was to understand the conceptual developments of the neighborhood and achieve a comprehensive view of the visible and hidden layers of the traditional neighborhood, documentary studies of the theorists' opinions and thoughts were used. After the systematic review of the sources, the content analysis of the data extracted from the sources was carried out and coding was carried out in 6 stages and was designed in a part-to-whole method and continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage. The findings show that the overarching themes of the capacities of local communities, including the organizing themes of a) social attachment and b) social cohesion, as well as neighborhood sociability including c) social obligations and d) public good and empowerment, are the main themes of existence. They form the social field of the traditional neighborhood, and by making each of them operational, it is possible to intervene to revive troubled neighborhoods or areas without urban identity.
Urban Ecology
elnaz khalili; Seyed Muslim Seyedolhosseini; toktam hanaee; sanaz saeedi mofrad
Abstract
The continued acceleration of the urbanization process around the world has led to the aggravation of environmental problems and natural environments through standard placement and according to nature-friendly solutions. At the same time, they play an important role in the overall health of urban communities, ...
Read More
The continued acceleration of the urbanization process around the world has led to the aggravation of environmental problems and natural environments through standard placement and according to nature-friendly solutions. At the same time, they play an important role in the overall health of urban communities, increasing different populations, such as improving air quality. Reduction of carbon and increase of biodiversity, which are the main factors in the quality of urban life in today's cities. The focus is on integrating biophilic design principles.The current research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative nature with a systematic review and qualitative meta-composite using an inductive perspective, as suggested by Sandelowski and Barroso. We conducted a systematic literature search in two Semantic Scholar databases and the Web Of Science website in recent years, with an update of 2023, and the results of each study were analyzed using inductive coding in MaxQDA software.The studies conducted are between 2017 and 2023. The most selected studies in this research belong to 2020, with 36%. The inductive codes of this research were categorized in the form of five main environmental, social, economic, functional, and physical categories and were identified according to the degree of concept similarity in the form of 12 sub-categories. According to the degree of similarity of the sub-categories, they reached 28 indicators. Our study showed that the quality of biophilic placemaking can be related to different levels of connection with nature and human understanding. The literature reports biophilicity and placemaking as independent phenomena, but our results tell a different story, showing that they are actually intertwined and related to environmental quality. This study aims to clarify the search for places that occur between people and natural environments so that future research can use new ideas called biophilic placemaking.
Urban Design
Kimia Haghnegahdar; mahsa sholeh; Sahand Lotfi; Alireza Sadeghi
Abstract
The escalation of urbanization rates, coupled with the consequential environmental impacts and rising energy demand for thermal regulation, has highlighted the growing importance of microclimatic considerations in urban development for designers and planners. The optimal design of urban geometry plays ...
Read More
The escalation of urbanization rates, coupled with the consequential environmental impacts and rising energy demand for thermal regulation, has highlighted the growing importance of microclimatic considerations in urban development for designers and planners. The optimal design of urban geometry plays a crucial role in modulating microclimatic conditions and enhancing the quality of urban spaces. Shiraz’s historical urban geometry, specifically adapted to its climatic context, exemplifies how effective design strategies can foster favorable thermal comfort in urban areas. Microclimatic conditions in urban spaces are closely linked to the surrounding urban geometry, making its optimal design a powerful tool for urban designers to fine-tune microclimatic conditions and improve the overall quality of urban environments. An analysis of recorded weather data from Shiraz reveals a rising average temperature trend consistent with global patterns. However, the city’s historically informed design has passively mitigated some of the challenges of climatic changes. Acknowledging the dynamic nature of urban contexts, including the evolution and transformation of historic structures such as those in Shiraz, this study quantitatively assesses the performance of historical urban geometry in the study area. It examines the microclimatic consequences resulting from changes in urban form. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing historical documents, images, and maps, the research simulates the study area’s historical and contemporary urban geometries using ENVI-met software. The simulation data were validated through field sampling of the temperature microclimatic index on July 1st and calculating the correlation coefficient between the measured and simulated data. A comparative evaluation of microclimatic conditions arising from the two urban textures was then conducted. The simulation results indicate that modifications in the study area, such as increased sky visibility and reduced height-to-width (H/W) ratios, lead to higher temperatures, increased radiant heat, reduced shaded surfaces, increased wind speed, and decreased relative humidity, ultimately diminishing thermal comfort. These findings underscore the importance of preserving the integrity of the historic urban fabric and adhering to design policies that enhance microclimatic conditions. This approach ensures that urban spaces evolve harmoniously with Shiraz’s macroclimate, promoting sustainable urban development.
Islamic- Iranian Cities
seyed mojtaba hosseini; Mahmud Rezaei; Alireza Bandarabad
Abstract
The Iranian-Islamic utopia of Isfahan has symbolic historical centers that are based on the "narrative-mystical", "rational-philosophical" and "scientific" paradigms. The old square, the Bazaar and the Naqsh Jahan Square in a continuous, dependent and interrelated combination ...
Read More
The Iranian-Islamic utopia of Isfahan has symbolic historical centers that are based on the "narrative-mystical", "rational-philosophical" and "scientific" paradigms. The old square, the Bazaar and the Naqsh Jahan Square in a continuous, dependent and interrelated combination have formed this central complex. The way that provides the sociability of the population and the presence of the government, guilds, nation and religion in a place like the center brings them to unity. This article seeks the components of the central meaning system concerning historical, structural and environmental situations, which are perceptible and can be received by people with any attitude to life and any position of existence. The purpose of the research is to get the meaning perception in the historical symbolic center of the city of Isfahan, which is based on the common experiences of the people who lived there. The research method is qualitative and is based on hermeneutic phenomenology, using historical-interpretive approaches, an intrinsic and in-depth research case. The collection of information is based on the systematic review of texts and field observations to restore its order through interviews and content analysis. Based on the results of the research, the complex of the historical symbolic center of Isfahan city is based on language with physical-spatial character, starting from the origin of the old square, it goes through the market and reaches the destination of Naqsh Jahan. In this transition from the origin to the destination, receiving meanings can be understood by referring to the components of "trans-contextual stability", "trans-functional-social", "trans-morphological position", "trans-visual imaging" and "trans-spatial typology". A matter that is based on the relationship between man and place in this type of center and creates a mutual perception and perception of meaning between them. This issue causes these centers to be continuously and dynamically placed in the process of human communication. The process of re-creation of ancient Iranian symbolic centers occurs in the inter-action of these components of spiritual perception if the lived experience "empty of everything" can be transferred from the peripheral position of consciousness to the center. This situation increases with the agency of more ‘symbolic’ (versus ‘iconic’) aspects of the place as well as ‘becoming’ (versus ‘being’) action of the observer in the space.
Urban Management
Alireza daviran
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, urban management is facing a multitude of physical, economic, social, and environmental challenges that no matter how many planning policies are formulated to improve them, they face difficulties in implementing them due to inter-departmental (inter-organizational) ...
Read More
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, urban management is facing a multitude of physical, economic, social, and environmental challenges that no matter how many planning policies are formulated to improve them, they face difficulties in implementing them due to inter-departmental (inter-organizational) functional challenges. One of the effective methods of urban management is to achieve the integration of thinking in the implementation and management of projects. The integration of thinking is the result of continuous communication and interaction of urban managers and experts in a transparent and practical network, the output of which is action planning. One of the approaches to achieving integration is communicative action, which is rooted in the thoughts of Jürgen Habermars. Communication action is a kind of social action aimed at achieving understanding. In this action, another type of rationality called relational rationality is proposed for governance, which combines knowledge and value and defines spatial planning as a social phenomenon. In this concept, communication is the source of discovering the truth and human wisdom is the product of interactions between people and not the result of political governance or the result of individual reflections. Communication is the source of truth discovery and human wisdom is the product of communication between people. This research, with the necessity that the main challenge of urban management today is in the formulation and writing of plans, but also in the weakness of the interdepartmental communication of different urban managements, has investigated the effect of the application of planning derived from communication action on the preparation and implementation of urban management plans in the case study of Zanjan city. Therefore, the main question of the research is that what is the main challenge of urban management in the internal and inter-organizational sectors in the preparation and implementation of urban projects? How is the action of urban management understood with each other and how can the effect of communication action be in the preparation and implementation of urban projects in different administrations?
Methodology
The current research is a phenomenological type of qualitative research based on an inductive interpretation method that uses the foundation context approach. According to the mobile and cyclical process of the contextual model, the main method of sampling in grounded theory is theoretical sampling, which has been considered throughout the process of data collection and conducting semi-structured interviews. In this method of sampling, the number of research subjects is not predetermined and sampling continues until a new concept is obtained through interviews and theoretical saturation is achieved. With these conditions, the sample size includes about 45 mid-level managers and experts from 10 executive institutions with continuous communication (roads and urban development, municipality and city council, governorate, water, electricity, gas, telecommunications, engineering system) of Zanjan, who were using a questionnaire. Descriptive and semi-structured interview, required data were obtained. Due to the limitations of the audio and video recording of the interview (mainly due to the reluctance of the interviewees to document the questions), it was tried to build the necessary trust and collect the data without mentioning the name and authority. The method of analyzing the data collected in the database model was such that first the data was open coded, then with axial coding, and finally, the selected category and main concepts were extracted. In such a process, the paradigm model resulting from causal, contextual, intervening, strategic and finally consequential conditions was drawn and explained. To ensure the validity of the research, the technical audit method was used. So that the work steps were confirmed by two experts and familiar with the process of qualitative database analysis.
Results and discussion
The resulting conditions resulting from the codes, concepts and categories obtained from the database model with paradigms based on causes, context, mediation and strategy in the urban management of Zanjan city show that managers at different middle and high levels depending on the organizational position, basically action and communication interaction They focus on dry administrative structures and prioritize organizational interests. This method of management is more complete with the feeling of fear of losing or demoting responsibility (post, position), the feeling of being reprimanded or being questioned, and it lowers the managerial position to the level of Habermas's instrumental action (that too incompletely). As a result, the consequence of this approach is the formation of the city based on individual thoughts or exclusivity and the formation of citizens' dissatisfaction. On the other hand, the result of the formation of effective communication between city managers can be seen in the qualitative development of some parts of the city, such as the Sabzeh Maidan complex, the sidewalk, the reopening of Zainbiye Street, the completion of the sewer network, the reduction of the time for examining requests for detailed plan changes, the active implementation of national housing plans, strengthening and reforming He saw the city electricity network.
Conclusion
The mentioned conditions of the evaluation of communication activism in the urban management of Zanjan show that the consequential effect of hindrance: one-sidedness, individualism, reduction of specialization, loss of sense of work belonging, loss of trust and confidence and as a result, reduction of social and organizational capital, moment-oriented management and conforming to temporary solutions and There has been dissatisfaction among citizens. On the other hand, the implementation of communicative activism in some administrations has led to the creation of a sense of belonging and increasing the social capital of managers and employees, and with the development of synergy and pluralism based on active understanding, it has reduced the challenges of managing and implementing urban projects.
Urban livability
Ali Mahdi
Abstract
The importance of the issue of urban health has made the concept of the urban heart in more than 40 countries of the world to be centered on the issue of eliminating environmental inequalities. Therefore, for many governments, increasing awareness of environmental effects on human health has become one ...
Read More
The importance of the issue of urban health has made the concept of the urban heart in more than 40 countries of the world to be centered on the issue of eliminating environmental inequalities. Therefore, for many governments, increasing awareness of environmental effects on human health has become one of the main functions of governments in relation to citizens and explaining new approaches in studies and urban planning. This study, based on the importance of planning and environmental quality and urban health, has investigated this issue in the city of Qom. The current research, which is a type of library and field studies, with a descriptive-analytical and survey method, and using a wide environmental survey by the executive team (photographing, sampling, interviewing and preparing informal reports with the citizens of each region, observations field and distribution of questionnaires), has been completed and its results analyzed using Spss16, ArcGIS software show that under the influence of issues, problems, deficiencies and weak knowledge and planning required in The area of upgrading and improving the current environmental, physical and visual quality indicators of the city of Qom, different dimensions of urban health (social, mental and physical health), the citizens of Qom receive direct and indirect effects in different degrees, among which, The psychological dimension of the citizens of Qom city should be prioritized for investigation and planning for the future. Comparison of the average of urban health sub-indexes (mental, physical, social) shows that the highest average (2.57) belongs to the social health sub-index and the lowest average (2.30) belongs to the mental health sub-index. In general, according to the obtained averages, none of the dimensions of health in Qom city have a good condition because the average of all sub-indices is much lower than the average (3).
Urban Sociology
Afshar Kabiri; Javad Jahangirzadeh
Abstract
The increasing growth of the urban population in the country in the past few decades has turned the lack of housing into the main problem of the urban society. The Mehr housing project was implemented as a social policy in the field of housing with the aim of providing low-cost housing for the low-income ...
Read More
The increasing growth of the urban population in the country in the past few decades has turned the lack of housing into the main problem of the urban society. The Mehr housing project was implemented as a social policy in the field of housing with the aim of providing low-cost housing for the low-income sections of society and controlling housing prices in the last decade. The formation of the new city of Golman with the implementation of the Mehr housing project not only has undeniable positive aspects, and it made a segment of the society the owner of a house, which was not possible to own a house with today's economic equations, but the neglect of social and cultural aspects despite Spending huge expenses in economic and financial terms, the result is the formation of residential complexes that are homogeneous in physical-physical terms but heterogeneous in terms of culture and socially unstable. This research is designed with the aim of qualitative analysis of social sustainability in Mehr Shahr New Golman, Urmia, based on a questionnaire-analytical strategy. According to its nature, the method of conducting the research is a qualitative method of the ethnographic type, the tool and technique of collecting information was interviews and direct observations of the researcher. The statistical population of the research was the residents of Mehr houses in the new city of Golman, and according to the nature of the research, 22 people were determined by theoretical sampling based on the theoretical saturation criterion. After analyzing the content of the interview, the concepts and categories were documented and analyzed with reference to the emic perspective of the respondents and the ethical perception based on the researcher's observations and theoretical knowledge. The findings of the research indicate the social instability in the dimensions of weak neighborhood identity, weak social capital, concentration of poverty, feeling of exclusion and social inequality, normative vacuum and weakness of apartment living culture, spatial separation, cultural inhomogeneity and dissatisfaction with the quality of life. Despite owning a house, it is among the respondents that ignoring such a situation will turn this city into a ghetto of the poor and modern marginalization.