Urban Planning
Yaghob Abdali; Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki; hossein hataminejad; Ahmad Pourahmad; Mohammd Salmani
Abstract
Operationalizing the concept of urban disaster resilience is a major milestone toward understanding both the characteristics that contribute to the resilience of cities to natural hazards and the interactions required to build and sustain it. While the measurement of urban disaster resilience has recently ...
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Operationalizing the concept of urban disaster resilience is a major milestone toward understanding both the characteristics that contribute to the resilience of cities to natural hazards and the interactions required to build and sustain it. While the measurement of urban disaster resilience has recently gained much attention, there is so far no optimal approach for operationalizing this concept and therefore there is a need to conduct more empirical studies on what constitutes disaster resilience and how to assess it. The city of Khorramabad is prone to many risks due to exposure to surface runoff flowing from the surrounding mountains, floods, flooding of rivers that pass through the center of the city, and the inherent feature of being located in a unique valley. Researchers predict that future weather-related events will increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change.The consequences of these events, i.e. damage to infrastructure and property, as well as personal injuries and loss of life, are likely to increase. In this study, a resilience assessment focuses on the inherent characteristics and capacities of Khorramabad in the context of flash floods from surface water or from the overflow of rivers. The measurement approach is based on constructing a composite index based on six resilience dimensions social, economic, institutional, infrastructural, community capital, and environmental of community flood resilience. This follows by developing a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method. The applied method is a combination of the DANP for prioritizing the selected indicators and the TOPSIS tools in order to get Khorramabad's urban districts ranked based on their resilience levels. Most of the data provided for the indicators are mainly obtained from the Iranian Statistics Center as the unique reference of the country's official statistics, Other required data were retrieved from publicly available information sources of Khorram Abad Municipality, Organization of Management and Prevention of Natural Disasters, Renovation and Equipping of Iranian Schools, and Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of Iran. The results clarify that District 23 is comparatively the most resilient district, while Districts 1, 4, 7, 13, and 17 are the lowest level of resilience. Such place-based assessments have an opportunity to track community performance over time and provide the tool to decision-makers in order to integrate resilience thinking into urban development and resilience-oriented urban planning.
Urban Planning
Bahador Zamani; Ehsan Babaei Salanghooch
Abstract
In recent years, the use of grounded theory methodology has increased in scientific fields related to the built environment, especially in urban planning and design. On the other hand, researchers' lack of attention to the foundations and methodological considerations of grounded theory and its readings ...
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In recent years, the use of grounded theory methodology has increased in scientific fields related to the built environment, especially in urban planning and design. On the other hand, researchers' lack of attention to the foundations and methodological considerations of grounded theory and its readings has sometimes led to a type of methodology with eclectic readings, which sometimes lacks and conflicts the nature of the grounded theory methodology and the primary considerations of the intended reading. Despite this, the review and evaluation of the quality of such research in the scientific fields related to the built environment, particularly urban design and planning has been done less. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to systematically evaluate the studies using the grounded theory methodology in urban planning and design in order to understand the appropriate application of the key tenets of this methodology in this field of knowledge and to provide suggestions for future applications. In this regard, the eligible studies have been selected by systematic search of papers published in reliable Persian-language scientific databases applying the systematic review method. After screening the existing studies based on the specified criteria, 44 studies published until 2019 were selected and evaluated based on the evaluation criteria of the grounded theory methodology. The results of the methodological evaluation of the conducted researches based on the grounded theory methodology showed that despite the increasing use of this method in urban planning and design research, many of these research have been unsuccessful in fully and accurately applying the principles and stages of the grounded theory methodology and its readings, and their results have been reduced to a diagram, model and conceptual framework instead of a theory as the expected achievement from the application of this method. In addition, the results of the present study showed that a number of the research only use a set of techniques of the grounded theory methodology including coding or memo writing. Neglecting important processes such as theoretical sampling, constant comparison and in-depth analysis of categories, has caused that these studies did not go beyond the level of description, and while limiting themselves to presenting descriptive themes and narratives, they rarely achieve theory building as the aim of the grounded theory methodology. Based on the findings of this paper, improving the quality of research based on the grounded theory methodology in the field of urban planning and design requires researchers with a correct understanding of the nature, characteristics and principles of the grounded theory and a deep insight of the readings of this method and their differences, in order to measure the appropriateness and justify the choice of the appropriate reading based on the aims and characteristics of the research.
Urban Management
Arastoo Yari hesar; Ali Dashti
Abstract
Islamic councils and municipalities are the main pillars of city administration in Iran. The importance and position of the Islamic Council of Cities as a policy-making body in the above laws has caused these councils to have significant effects on the processes and performance of urban management, and ...
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Islamic councils and municipalities are the main pillars of city administration in Iran. The importance and position of the Islamic Council of Cities as a policy-making body in the above laws has caused these councils to have significant effects on the processes and performance of urban management, and in other words, the performance of urban management is a function of the decisions and policies approved by this body, so it is necessary in order to harm This body should be evaluated for performance analysis and formulation of damage removal strategies, and naturally, the most effective tool for evaluating the performance of councils is their approvals. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the approvals of the Islamic Council of Tehran in the fifth period and to analyze their contents quantitatively and qualitatively. This research is a type of content analysis research. The data required in this research has been collected by field and documentary methods. The most important reference for the required data is the comprehensive system of approvals of the Islamic Council of Tehran. The statistical population of this research consists of all the approvals of the fifth term council of Tehran city. The results of this research show that the Islamic Council of the fifth term of the city of Tehran, although it has achieved considerable success and growth in terms of quantitative indicators, but the examination of the content of the approvals shows the failure of this council in carrying out the missions assigned in the Law on Organizations, Duties and Powers of Councils. is islamic A major part of the performance of this term of the council is made up of approvals that practically do not have much effect on increasing the quality of urban life, and there is a significant gap between the needs of citizens and the content of the approvals of the Tehran City Council. Also, the main focus of the Council's approvals has been on municipal issues rather than urban issues. Based on this, the suggested solutions include the focus of the council on regulatory issues up to legislation, distancing from superficial and theoretical issues, and addressing the main problems of Tehran city, and evaluating the operationalization of the council's previous approvals.
environmental psychology
alireza khadivipanah; islam karami
Abstract
The emergence of social housing as a necessity in urban planning systems, the problem of the present research is the quality of living in residential complexes and the premise of the research is the role of privacy in improving the quality of living. The aim of the research is to achieve a human and ...
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The emergence of social housing as a necessity in urban planning systems, the problem of the present research is the quality of living in residential complexes and the premise of the research is the role of privacy in improving the quality of living. The aim of the research is to achieve a human and social structure in residential complexes by improving the quality of living. The explanation of the components and criteria of the quality of residence and privacy and how it is realized in the samples of the research - four residential complexes in Mashhad) are the questions of the research. Through random sampling in the statistical sample (345 people) and using an open questionnaire, field research was conducted and using spss analysis software, the results of the studies were presented using descriptive tests, mean, correlation, regression and path analysis. . The findings show that there is a significant relationship and correlation between the two variables of privacy and quality of residence, and only two variables of residence status and gender have a direct and positive effect on the variable of quality of residence. A single or concentrated type like the Venus complex has the highest quality of residence and privacy in general and among the components of the quality of residence (perceptual-emotional, physical-functional, social-activity) and privacy components (individual-social, moral-religious). , behavioral-functional). The habitat quality of the scattered species (Farhangian complex) and then the peripheral species (Pars complex) are respectively in favorable conditions. And in relation to the privacy variable, the environmental species (Pars) and then the scattered species (Farhangian) are in favorable conditions. Privacy and quality of living in residential complexes have a correlation and positive significance. Finally, the results of the research are presented in three areas of designing residential units, neighborhood units and residential complexes.
Urban Design
Toktam Roshandel; Bakhtiar Bahrami; Mehdi Saidi; Goran Erfani
Abstract
Despite the significant impact of physical activity and mobility on children’s health and well-being, such activities are declining in neighborhoods and residential areas. One way to address this issue is to highlight the environmental characteristics that encourage children to move and engage ...
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Despite the significant impact of physical activity and mobility on children’s health and well-being, such activities are declining in neighborhoods and residential areas. One way to address this issue is to highlight the environmental characteristics that encourage children to move and engage in physical activity in their neighborhoods. Studying a collection of the characteristics from the children's perspective requires further study, even though previous research has examined them on a case-by-case basis or in a few instances. With the participation of 450 children (43.8% girls and 56.2% boys) living in the neighborhoods of District 10 of Mashhad City Therefore, this research collected their opinions on a set of 28 environmental characteristics extracted from the literature. Finally, using exploratory factor analysis, the children's responses were classified and redefined into final factors. The findings indicate that the children’s physical activity and movement in their neighborhoods are influenced by seven factors: 1) parental permission to be outside, 2) safe and enjoyable pedestrian routes, 3) social safety through happy and welcoming spaces, 4) environmental affordances usable in day and night, 5) legibility through symbolic buildings and shops in ground floor level, 6) diverse environments and elements for exploration and adventure, 7) and safety during free movement and playing with equipment. As a recurring theme in each factor, children’s desire to engage in recreational and playful activities with friends highlights their different perspectives on physical activity from adults. By providing joyful settings for children’s independent presence and activity in open neighborhood spaces, health policymakers, and urban planners/designers can create supportive neighborhoods that foster children's physical activity and movement.
Urban Ecology
Elham Ghasemi; Zahra Nazemi; Safoura Mokhtarzadeh; Mahdi Suleimany
Abstract
Urban heat island (UHI) is one of the most critical problems of cities in the new century, which has been created as a result of urbanization and industrialization. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the various urbanization and natural factors and UHI intensity in the city of Isfahan, ...
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Urban heat island (UHI) is one of the most critical problems of cities in the new century, which has been created as a result of urbanization and industrialization. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the various urbanization and natural factors and UHI intensity in the city of Isfahan, Iran through correlation analysis. Five scenarios were designed, changes of land surface temperature (LST) in four seasons and one scenario to study the "LST differences when the Zayandehrood river is flowing,” The variables that have been assessed in each scenario are “green structures”, “water bodies”, “density of the built environment”, and “air pollution”. The data were analyzed based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. To generate LST maps for day and night, MODIS Aqua & Terra data from 2011 to 2021 were utilized. The green structure and water bodies maps were derived based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI), using Landsat 8 satellite images processed in Envi-met 5.3. The air pollution map was prepared based on Air Quality Index (AQI) in 2020. The results show that during the night in Isfahan, in all scenarios, heat islands, and during the day, cold islands appear. The main aggravating factor of heat islands in Isfahan is the density of the built environment; Air pollution also has little effect on increasing the LST during the day. Considering Isfahan's climate, it was found that vegetation cover has a more considerable mitigating impact on UHIs than other natural factors, even water bodies.
Urban Planning
Aliakbar Salaripour; Zahra Seif Reihani,; Narges Taleb vali alah
Abstract
Just as there are components that attachment to a place affects them, there are also components that affect attachment to a place. The current research tries to determine the positive and negative factors affecting attachment to a place. Using purposive sampling, 89 participants were selected. Each participant ...
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Just as there are components that attachment to a place affects them, there are also components that affect attachment to a place. The current research tries to determine the positive and negative factors affecting attachment to a place. Using purposive sampling, 89 participants were selected. Each participant was asked to prepare about 3 photos of the environments they are attached to. After receiving the photos, individual in-depth interview sessions were held. Thematic analysis has been used to achieve the purpose of the research. Also, the collected images were categorized based on the type of place and geographical scale. In this research, 23 positive factors (memories, similarity, symbol, positive feelings, peace, comfort, security, balance of city and nature, connection with nature, pleasant smell, taste, touch, hearing, aesthetic, unique identity, support from interests, location, type of housing, personal growth, preservation of past heritage, privacy, antiquity, social cohesion) and 7 negative factors (environmental damage, economic recession, urban management inefficiency, loneliness, ignorance and neglect of society, forgetfulness cultural activities, negative emotions) affecting place attachment were identified. The results of the research show that aesthetic, memories and positive feelings have the most positive effect on attachment to a place, and the inefficiency of urban management, negative emotions and economic stagnation have the most negative effect on attachment to a place. After examining the pictures taken by the interviewees, 7 categories of recreational space, object space, neighborhood, home, social place, commercial place and cultural-educational-administrative uses were obtained. Recreational space, home, neighborhood, commercial place, object space, cultural-educational-administrative uses and social place, respectively, obtained the highest frequency. Among the people whose place of attachment is recreational spaces, houses, commercial places or cultural-educational-office uses, the aesthetic factor has the highest percentage. Based on the interviews conducted, regarding social places, memories, positive emotions, aesthetic issues, age were identified as the most important factors affecting attachment to a place. Most of the interviewees who paid attention to the neighborhood admitted that the inefficiency of urban management can have a negative effect on attachment to the place. Regarding the space of the object, the symbol obtained the highest frequency among the factors affecting the attachment to the place. Ambient space was the most common type of location, which includes places such as multi-story house, seaside path, market, etc. The uncontrollable space was the second most common scale, and one of its examples is coffee shop. Controllable space, which comes in third place, includes objects such as chairs. Since most of the places were environmental spaces, most of the reported factors are also in this scale. In addition, aesthetics, inefficiency of urban management, memories, positive feelings, unique identity, economic recession, age and symbol are 8 factors in all three scales. All the factors mentioned in the scale of environmental space are more abundant compared to the other two types. The aesthetic factor has the highest percentage in the scale of environmental space and uncontrollable space. Also, city management can increase citizens' attachment to the city by paying attention to positive and negative factors.
Urban Management
Behnaz Aminzadeh; SeyedHadi Hosseini; Seyed Reza Mousavipour
Abstract
The facade of buildings, as one of the main components of the image and landscape of the city, has identity components. In recent years, the issue of the identity of Iranian cities and especially the impact of building facades on the identity of the city of Tehran has been in the focus of scientific ...
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The facade of buildings, as one of the main components of the image and landscape of the city, has identity components. In recent years, the issue of the identity of Iranian cities and especially the impact of building facades on the identity of the city of Tehran has been in the focus of scientific and executive centers, and various laws, regulations and executive instructions have been established to organize the chaotic state of the facades of buildings, but there is still considerable confusion, especially in the facades of new buildings in Tehran. The purpose of this research is to Critically Review the laws and regulations affecting the facade of new buildings through the comparative assessment of the main identity-building components of the facade in the research literature on the one hand and the laws and regulations (official documents) of the country on the other hand and how they work, so as to how and why Reach the current situation and analyze its reasons. Also, in order to measure the effectiveness and realization of the components extracted from the documents, Hakimieh neighborhood located in the 4th district of Tehran municipality, which has the highest number of license issuance and apartment construction in recent years, was selected. Documentary data analysis using the content analysis method, determining the study sample size based on the Cochran formula and analyzing the data obtained from field observations and the elements that make up the facade identity of about 300 buildings less than two years old, located in the Hakimiye neighborhood of Tehran, regarding the realization and or the non-fulfillment of the components, using statistical methods and analysis of the texts extracted from the interviews in an interpretative way. The degree of fulfillment of the requirements and recommendations of the official documents in the field of facade components of model buildings in Hakimiye neighborhood is 58% and there are three factors: 1. Content and structural weakness of documents, 2. Lack of sufficient executive authority and guarantee, and 3. Weakness in monitoring and deterrent policies. , in the order of the most to the least important, has been the reason for the non-compliance or reduction of the realization of the identity building components of the facade of the buildings from the point of view of official documents.
Regeneration and revival of historical context
maryam hematian dehkordi; Afsoon mahdavi; mohammad reza iravani
Abstract
Urban regeneration is a cross field of urban policies and an important strategic option in promoting urban development at the global level. Examining the evolution of urban regeneration experiences and their evaluation has shown that success in urban areas is not achieved only by physical improvement, ...
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Urban regeneration is a cross field of urban policies and an important strategic option in promoting urban development at the global level. Examining the evolution of urban regeneration experiences and their evaluation has shown that success in urban areas is not achieved only by physical improvement, but also benefits from a social aspect, based on which the resident people are actually included in the regeneration process. Transphysical components such as the social structure of tissues, quantity and the quality of residents' relationships and participation, which was previously ignored in front of the purely physical view of the plans, can be a tool and stimulus for a more desirable and acceptable renovation in the form of social capital from the residents in texture.Social capital is the basis of the stability and ability of society in self-improvement, and its absence is a factor in the decline of urban neighborhoods.Today, among the physical, financial, underground, informational, technological and human resources of a society, human power has been proposed as the most strategic resource in any organization, through which the fundamental changes of the organization are made. Unfortunately, in Iran, many urban regeneration approaches With the aim of organizing worn-out areas, a one-dimensional (physical) attitude and little attention to other human structures and the role of people in decision-making has provided the ground for exhaustion.In the city of Shahrekord, the lack of coordination between the organizations, trustees and implementers of the projects, and ignoring the opinions and needs of the residents and interested groups in the decisions, the central core of city has faced a wide range of physical, social, economic and environmental problems.This research on it that by examining the effective components on the development of local community.The approach of the conducted research is qualitative and ethnographic, and with the help of in-depth and semi-structured interviews and coding of concepts, the final categories have been obtained.The results of the research show that in order to successfully realize the approach of urban regeneration, the components effective on the development of local community culture, including the semantic, physical, functional and social components, play an important role in empowering the residents, gaining their trust, increasing belonging to the target neighborhoods and in general the feasibility of regeneration. They have a city in the central core of Shahrekord.
Urban Planning
Tohid Hatami Khanghahi; Sahar Fahimi Hamidabad; Vahid Vaziri
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionScientific forecasts indicate a great increase in the elderly population in the upcoming years and emphasize the attention to their diverse needs and social life. The lack of attention to the elderly's social needs limits their potential for social participation and reduces their ...
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AbstractIntroductionScientific forecasts indicate a great increase in the elderly population in the upcoming years and emphasize the attention to their diverse needs and social life. The lack of attention to the elderly's social needs limits their potential for social participation and reduces their quality of life. The existing studies often investigate the elderly's physical needs in public places but there are insufficient studies on their social needs, especially in urban public places. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental physical factors affecting the social well-being of the elderly in the body of urban public spaces in a case study.Theoretical FrameworkThe idea of active aging was first introduced with an emphasis on being active to maintain health and productivity. Active aging later supported personal decisions, independence, social status, and an increase in the quality of life of the elderly. The concept of "active aging" refers to the ability to participate in social, economic, and civic life, and maintenance of well-being by providing opportunities for the elderly to engage in meaningful and attractive activities to facilitate their independence. According to the World Health Organization, not only genes and personal characteristics, but also urban public places and social factors can play important roles in determining the health and well-being of individuals in their lives. Free, public, and green urban spaces provide opportunities for social interaction and cause the feeling of existence in society.MethodologyThis is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in Mosalla Park and Sheikh Safi sidewalk in Ardabil, Iran in two stages. To this end, 47 physical factors were first classified into 5 indices, and 50 architectural experts compared the effective physical needs in improving social well-being in two case study samples. In the second stage, 74 elderly people in the case samples answered the Keyes standard social well-being questionnaire with 5 indicators. Finally, the data obtained from the two steps were analyzed in SPSS 26 software. Results and DiscussionTherefore, the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was performed to compare physical factors between two case samples. Sheikh Safi walkway had more favorable physical factors than Mosalla Park. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH) was performed to obtain the affectability of social well-being of the elderly by physical factors in case samples. According to the results, the elderly on Sheikh Safi sidewalk have better social well-being. Findings showed that the quality of physical factors and the improvement of these factors in public open space leads to a positive effect on the social well-being of the elderly. In this study, "Footpaths with a slope of less than 5%" with the highest average value among the significant items, is the most effective factor that affects the social well-being of the elderly.ConclusionPlanners and designers must challenge their previous mindsets with a new look at physical criteria. Many factors affected the elderly's social well-being. An important part of these factors was related to the architecture, design, and physical characteristics of urban spaces; hence, social health advocates should cooperate with urban designers and architects in the field of determinants of promoting the elderly's social well-being, and adopt policies and strategies which consider their needs to involve them in social life with equality.
Slum Settlements
zahra shahihagh; Minoo Gharehbaglou; Hamed Beyti
Abstract
Housing is considered one of the most important human needs, and marginal settlements are the solution of the low-income sections of the society to the housing problem, and it has gradually led to various problems and has made these settlements face serious challenges. Of course, various approaches have ...
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Housing is considered one of the most important human needs, and marginal settlements are the solution of the low-income sections of the society to the housing problem, and it has gradually led to various problems and has made these settlements face serious challenges. Of course, various approaches have been presented to solve this problem, and empowerment is one of the most up-to-date and efficient of them; One of the most important axis of which is gaining the power to control and master the forces affecting human life.Therefore, the aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between the livability of low-income residential spaces and the empowerment of its residents, and it seeks to answer the question, which factors have the greatest impact on the livability of residential spaces and the empowerment of its residents? And how do each of these factors affect the formation of the relationship between the two, if any? Based on the existing literature, a model of the most effective dimensions and criteria was extracted for the livability of residential spaces and the empowerment of its residents. In order to evaluate the theoretical model, four residential neighborhoods in the four marginalized areas of Tabriz city (Silab, Abuzhar, Zamzam, and Akhmaghayeh neighborhoods) were selected and investigated using the questionnaire method in the context of field studies.The basic research method of this research is correlation, which was evaluated by explaining the pattern of structural equations, viability as an independent variable and empowerment as a dependent variable. Then, the factor loading of each criterion and the position of each variable of the theoretical model was determined. The findings of the research indicate the importance of dimensions of livability of residential spaces in empowering its residents and show that the criteria of livability of residential spaces are in line with the realization of empowering residents. Also, the most effective dimension in the livability of residential spaces is the perceptual-semantic dimension and the most effective dimension in empowering residents is the psychological (cognitive) dimension; that the perceptual-semantic criteria of livability have the greatest impact on the mental capacity of the residents. Among the marginalized areas of Tabriz city, the northern area has low viability and empowerment compared to other areas and needs special attention.
Urban Ecology
najme sadat mostafavi; parvin partovi; Zhara Asadolahi
Abstract
As human-environmental systems, urban areas rely on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being, hence, it is necessary to include ecosystem services (ES) in planning to promote sustainable urban development. Arak as an industrial city with multiple environmental crises are still managed based ...
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As human-environmental systems, urban areas rely on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being, hence, it is necessary to include ecosystem services (ES) in planning to promote sustainable urban development. Arak as an industrial city with multiple environmental crises are still managed based on the comprehensive planning system in the form of master and detailed plans, which requires an ecological approach in urban development. Despite the growing interest in ES in research, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding its integration into urban planning. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining the current and potential use of ESs in urban development plans. In order to respond to this goal, content analysis method was used with a directional approach (deductive method based on theory) and the extent of addressing 19 ESs was investigated in three components of the plan (information base, vision/objectives and actions) in Arak development and construction plan. The results indicated the uptake of ESs concept in parts of the mentioned development document; however, this document lacks a holistic view of urban ecology and its benefits. In the three examined components, these services were mentioned 607 times implicitly (312 times - 51.4%) and explicitly (295 times - 48.6%), which received the most attention in the information base component (358 times - 59%). In this analysis, the difference in the score of cultural services (400) with provisioning (274), regulating (198) and supporting (30) services can indicate that cultural services are more inclusive compared to other services in Arak metropolis plan. The lack of consistency in dealing with each of the services or concepts mentioned in the three components shows that there is not a significant relationship between the studies in the collection data and information, analysis, formulation of goal and vision, and plan preparation, rules and regulations.
Urban Design
Nina Ghaslani; Azadeh Aghalatifi; Marjan NematiMehr; Hamid Nadimi
Abstract
Architecture and urbanism are related to the environment; The environment is the container of individual and collective experiences of people and forms the memory. Memory studies is a growing field of research that focuses on a wide range of disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, landscape ...
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Architecture and urbanism are related to the environment; The environment is the container of individual and collective experiences of people and forms the memory. Memory studies is a growing field of research that focuses on a wide range of disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, landscape studies, and architecture and urbanism. There have been researches in Iran and the world regarding memory in man-made environments and each of them has looked at the issue from a different perspective. This article aims to analyze and interpret what has been published so far in Iran, and to prevent repetition in this field and to find existing research gaps, it has analyzed the qualitative studies. This research is a systematic review of previous studies and 38 articles and 4 Ph.D theses in the country, where memory was their main topic, were selected and analyzed based on the shape of the Prisma. By studying their structure and content, it has been achieved to outline the current perspective of memory research. The results show the growing volume of memory studies focusing on collective memory. Repetition of the content of memory research, very little attention to special users of the environment such as children, elderly, etc., the focus of a large number of studies on the city of Tehran, the lack of examination of memory in different age periods of humans and the lack of attention to the individual memory of people from Special places such as childhood places are among the problems of studies in this field. Among the frequent categories combined with memory, we can mention identity, belonging to a place, attachment to a place, and revival and reconstruction. Also, the largest number of studies have focused on memory in urban public spaces and urban squares.
