نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بو علی سینا

2 عضو هئت علمی دانشگاه بو علی سینا

چکیده

شهرها با منظر خود در معرض قضاوت ناظران قرار می‌گیرند. اما مسئله مهم در این میان، نحوه درک و خوانش منظر شهری از سوی مردم و کاربران فضاست. در این پژوهش سعی شده، ابعاد و عوامل مؤثر در خوانش منظر خیابان، تبیین و اولویت هر یک از عوامل نسبت به مکان‌های مورد مطالعه از دیدگاه شهروندان در راستای ارتقای کیفی منظر فضاهای شهری همدان مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در این راستا در انجام این پژوهش، این نوشتار از روش تحقیق توصیفی_تحلیلی و شیوه‌های مرور متون، منابع و اسناد تصویری در بستر مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و از روش تحقیق موردی و شیوه تحقیق مشاهده و پیمایش در بستر مطالعات میدانی بهره گرفته است. همچنین به منظور تحلیل چارچوب مفهومی پژوهش و پاسخگویی به سئوال‌های تحقیق، از مدل فرآیند تحلیل شبکه و نرم‌افزار سوپر دسیژن استفاده شده است. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، مؤلفه‌های خوانش منظر خیابان را می‌توان در دو بعد عینی و ذهنی و سه مؤلفه، زیباشناختی (عینی_ذهنی)، معنایی_ادراکی، عملکردی_فعالیتی و پنجاه و نه شاخص طبقه‌بندی و ارائه نمود. همچنین بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند، ارزش کیفی منظر خیابان‌های مرکزی شهر همدان در سطح متوسطی قرار دارد که با استفاده از عواملی چون ارتقای نظم بصری خیابان، ساماندهی جداره‌ها و بناهای قدیمی، زمینه‌سازی حضور هنرهای خیابانی و گرافیکی، تعریف و تقویت نشانه‌ها در بعد معنایی و کالبدی می‌توان به منظور ارتقای سطح خوانش شهروندان و مطلوبیت منظر این فضاها اقدام نمود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conceptualizing the factors affecting of streetscape to promote the legibility of urban spaces (Case Studies: Hamedan inner city streets)

نویسنده [English]

  • salman vahdat 1

1 nezamm mohandesi

2

چکیده [English]

Cities landscapes are exposed to observer judgments. However, the important thing point  the public perception and reading of urban landscapes by urban space users. Since there is a variety of comments and opinions regarding city issues and the urban landscape and its priorities, and decision making should  converge in order to cover all aspects of priorities, in this study an attempt has been made to explain the effective dimensions and factors of reading street landscapes. Furthermore, priorities of each of the sites were studied from the perspective of citizens in order to improve the quality of urban spaces in Hamadan. A qualitative research methodology was used; in terms of the study objectives applied research was used and in terms of the techniques employed, field observations and library study was usedto develop a conceptual model associated with reading the elements and aspects in terms of urban spaces.  Finally, to examine and analyze the conceptual framework, expert questionnaires using the software Super Decision and the Network Analysis Process Model was analysed to give suitable answers to the following questions of the study:
1-      What are the dimensions and components of reading street landscapes?
2-      How do priority indicators and criteria affect the landscape of urban streets components according to experts?
3-      According to what order are priorities and central streets of Hamedan organized based on parameters mentioned by?
Based on the research, reading components of street landscapes can be both objective and subjective and three dimensions are presented: aesthetic (objective - subjective), semantic (perception, functional)  and activity. In addition, 59  indicators were classified. Prioritizing landscape reading components in of Hamedan city streets based on citizens' viewpoints are shown below Bu-Ali Sina Street is first and has a weighting of (0.246) for quality readings of street landscape view and Shohada Street is last with a weight of (0.099). In this regard and in order to improve the urban landscape loci recommendations, such as improving street visual order, organization of walls and ancient buildings, paving the way for the presence of street art and graphics, defining and developing signs physically and semantically which isdesirable for  promoting citizens’ reading of the spaces provided, can be studied. Based on the analysis and findings of the research, design and urban landscape management officials need to act in such a way as to maintain the initial values of urban design issues when making changes and new developments. Changes and new developments in urban spaces should be based on the social values and culture of the society and the target audience’s perspectives (citizens) to promote the values of leadership and guide the quality and quantity of space.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Streetscape
  • reading the landscape
  • visual order
  • the urban environment
  • Hamedan
  •  Appleyard, D. (1979). The Environmental Social Symbol. Journal of American Planning Association, 45 (2), 143-153.
  • Alon-Mozes, T. (2006). From "Reading" the Landscape to "Writing" a Garden. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 1(1), 30-37.
  • Amin Zadeh, B., (2010). Evaluation the Beauty and Identity of the place. Hoviat shahr Journal, No. 7. [in Persian]
  • Amin Zadeh, B. Sharifi, S. & Forogifar, M., (2014). Compare urban landscape in terms of the perception of beauty experts and users of case studies; Khomeini Adl Square, Mashhad. Motaleat Shahri Journal. No. 10. [in Persian]
  • Afhami, R. & Alizadeh, M., (2011). Aesthetics flexible spaces, Mah Honar Book, No. 173. [in Persian]
  • Abdullah Khan, G., (2006). City Images: been abandoned urban policies in Iran, Abadi Journal, No. 53. [in Persian]
  • Atashinbar M., (2009). Continuity of identity in the urban landscape" Bagh e Nazar Journal, 8rd time, No. 12. [in Persian]
  • Ahmadi, M. Porahmad, A and Hataminegad, H., (2014). The survey of citizens' satisfaction and its influencing factors to improve the beautification of the urban landscape. Case Study 6 Tehran metropolitan region. Amaiesh goghrafyae faza Journal, No. 12. [in Persian]
  •  Behzadfar, M., (2008). Dictionary of urban design concepts. The Tehran research project conducted at the Center for Urban Research and architecture. [in Persian]
  • Carmona, Mattew; Heath.Tim; Oc.Taner; Tiestess. Stive; (2003) .Public place and urban space. Architectural press, London.
  • Crow, Thomas. Brown, Terry. De Young, Raymond; (2006). The Riverside and Berwyn experience: Contrasts in landscape structure, perceptions of the urban landscape, and their effects on people, Landscape and Urban Planning, 75 (3-4(: 282.
  • Carr. S, Francus. M, Rivlin, L.G. and Stone, A.M (2010), Public Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Cullen, G., (1961). Townscape. London: The Architectural Press.
  • Dougherty, Dana Lyn; (2006); .Embodying the city: Identity and use in urban public space. Virginia.
  • Faizi, M and Asadpour, A., (2013). Recreating the process landscape the squares of Tehran with the aim of promoting social interaction of citizens. Motaleat Shahri Journal. No. 7. [in Persian]
  • Farhoodi, R. and Timuri, I., (2010). Urban landscape, cultural identity or cultural industry. Proceedings of the National Conference of the urban landscape. Institute of Building and Housing Research Center academic jihad art culture. [in Persian]
  • Faraji, S. Badri, A. Moti Langroodi, S, H. & Sharafi, H., (2010). Assess stability of of rural areas based on network analysis, using the techniques Borda case study: city rural sciences. Journal of in Human Geographyaie Ensani. No. 18. [in Persian]
  • Gehl, Jan; (1987); Life between Buildings: Using Public Space; Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Gifford, R; (2002); Environmental Psychology: Principles andPractice, Canada: Optimal Books.
  • Golany G. S.) 2011 (.”Geo-Space Urban Design”, NewYork, John willey and sons.
  • Golkar, k., (2008). Conceptual Evolution of Urban Visual Environment; From Cosmetic Approach through to Sustainable Approach. Olom e Mohiti Journal. No. 4. [in Persian]
  • Golkar, k., (2006). Conceptual the Uurban Landscape. Abadi Journal. No. 53. [in Persian]
  • Gulnar et al., (2012). Locate suitable areas for development of tourism in the city of Hamadan. Geographye Mohiti Journal. No. 2. [in Persian]
  • Galenoi M, and Tadaion, B. (2010). Providing a comprehensive color plan, trying to manage color in the case study of Sepah Street. Modiriat Shahri Journal. No. 26. [in Persian]
  • Jabalamoli, Mohmmad Said, AyatRezaifar& Ali ChaeiBghashLangroodi;)2008(; Ranking in Project Risk, by Using of Prose’s Multi Decision- Making, Faculty of Taconic, Version 41, N. 7, Tehran.
  • Kaplan. R. and Kaplan. S. (1991), the experience of nature: A psychological perspective, Cambridge University Cambridge, UK.
  • Kaplan. S. (1987), Aesthetics, affect and cognition: envi ronmental preferences from an evolutionary perspective, Environment and Behavior 19.
  • Karimimoshaver, M. Mansouri, A, S & Adibi, A. A., (2010). Relationship between the Uurban Landscape and Position of tall Building in The City, Bagh e Nazar Journal, 7rd time, No. 13. [in Persian]
  • Kiani, A. and Salari Sardari, F., (2011). Studying Priorities for Designing Urban Landscape of Public Spaces in Assalouyeh Using ANP Model, Bagh e Nazar Journal, 8rd time, No. 18. [in Persian]
  • Khak Zand, M. Mohammadi, M. Jam, F, and Aga Bozorgi, K., (2014). Designed to identify factors affecting urban body with emphasis on the aesthetic and environmental aspects, case study: (Vali Asr Avenue), (City Qeshm", Motaleat Shahri Journal. No. 10. [in Persian]
  • Lynch, K. and Hack, G; (1985); Site Planning; MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Lokaitou-Sideris, A. and Banerjee, T; (2006); Urban DesignDowntown: Poetics and Politics of Form; University of California Press.
  • Lennard, S.H.C., and Lennard, H.L; (1993); Urban Space Design andSocial Life, In Farmer, Ben and Louw, H. Eds., Companion toContemporary Architectural Thought;New York; Routledge Inc.
  • Lindholm, G. (2011). Visible gestures: on urban landscape perspectives in planning. Planning Theory, 11 (1): 1-15.
  • Lang, J. (1987) .Creating architectural theory: The role of the behavioral sciences in environmental design. Van Nostrand reinhold, New York.
  • Montgomery, J. (2003) Cultural Quarters as Mechanisms for Urban Regeneration. Part 1: Conceptualislng Cultural Quarters, planning Practice & Research, 18:4, pp 293-306.
  • Mccarthy, J. (2006) Regeneration of Cultural Quarters: Public Art for Place Image or Place Identity? , Journal of Urban Design, 11:2, 243-262.
  • Milligan, M.J; (1998); Interactional Past and Potential: The SocialConstruction of Place Attachment; Symbolic Interaction; 21; (1).
  • Mahmoudi, S, A., (2006). Urban landscape overview of several theory, Abadi Journal, No. 53. [in Persian]
  • MirMoqtdaie, M., (2003). Criteria Cognition and Assessment physical identity cities, Honarhaye ziba. No. 19. [in Persian]
  • Modiri, A and Noorollahi Oskoee, N, (2014). Evaluation of visual-spatial perception Imam Hosein (as) case study; Odlajan Tehran neighborhood. Motaleat Shahri Journal. No. 11. [in Persian]
  • Mansouri, A, S., (2009). Urban landscape comprehensive narrative city. Manzar Journal. No. 3. [in Persian]
  • Nasar, Jack L; (1994); Uurban Design Aesthetics the EvaluativeQualities of Building Exteriors, Environment and Behavior; 26.
  • Nohl, Werner (2008), Sustainable landscape use and aesthetic perception preliminary reflections on future landscape  aesthetics, landscape and urban planning journal, No. 54, pp. 223-237.
  • Naghizadeh, M., (2002). Aesthetics, form and space, architecture and city. Proceedings of the meeting of aesthetic, functional, Art Research Center of the Ministry of Islamic Guidance, Tehran. [in Persian]
  • Proshansky, H.M. Fabin, A.K. &Kaminoff, R; (1983); Place-Identity: physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environment psychology; (3).
  • Pakzad, J., (2008). Theoretical and urban design process, Tehran: Shahidi publication. [in Persian]
  • Pakzad, J, (2005), "Design Guidelines of urban spaces in Iran. Tehran, Tarh Nashr Piam sima. [in Persian]
  • Rossi, A., (1984). The Architecture of the City. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. London: Pion.
  • Riley, R; (1992); Attachment to the Ordinary Landscape, In I. Altman and S.M. Low Eds., Place Attachment; New York; Plenum Press.
  • Rezazadeh, R., (2007). Principles and Criteria bookkeeping requirements and Regulations urban Image, Research project conducted at the Studies Center Architecture, Urbanism investigations. [in Persian]
  • Swaffield, S. (2005). Landscape as A Way of Knowing the World. In: HARVEY, S., FIELDHOUSE, KEN, HOPKINS, JOHN (Ed.) The Cultured Landscape; Designing The Environment In The 21st Century. Routledge.
  • Sajadzadeh, H. Pirbabaie, M., (2012). Concepts of urban space in Islamic city, Motaleat Shahe Irani Eslami Journal, No. 10. [in Persian]
  • Sharifian thani, M, (2001). Citizen participation in urban governance and urban management. Modiriat Shahri Journal. . No. 2. [in Persian]
  • Tavasoli, M., (2007), urban space design of urban spaces and their position in life and Image city. Shahidi Publication. [in Persian]
  • Williams, D.R. &Vaske, J. J; (2003); the measurement of place Attachment: validity and generalizability of physical world psychometric approach. Forest Science, 49 (6): 830.
  • Yuen, Belinda; (2005); Searching for place identity in Singapore; Habitat International, Vol. 29.
  • Yokr Lai L & Said I & Kubota A. (2013) The Roles of Cultural Spaces in Malaysia Historic Towns: The Case of Kuala Dungun and Taiping, procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 85, pp 602- 625.
  • Youssefian, J., (2000). A look at the concept of aesthetics. Journal of Literature and Human Sciences of Allameh Tabatabai University. [in Persian]