نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مهندسی معماری اسلامی دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
2 استادیار معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
چکیده
این نوشتار بر پایه تحلیل و بررسی هندسه ادراکی، قصدِ بر توضیح، تحلیل و نمایش نظامِ هندسه شکل‌گیریِ شهر با توجه به ادوار گوناگون و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن را دارد. هندسه‌ای که فراتر از ابعاد و مقیاس، عوامل و آثاری را که در نظامی کاملاً منظم در ذات و نامنظم در ظاهر است را در جهتِ تَحقُق و تکامُل موضوع، تحتِ سیطره خود به‌کار می‌بندد. در این جایگاه موضوع شهر و ارتباطِ ادراکی آن با چَمَن (مرکز محله در همدان) و نحوه شکل‌گیری و نوع تداوم آن مدنظر می‌باشد. شهر‌همدان با سابقه تاریخی و با توجه به نوع بافتِ شهرسازی آن و همچنین وجود مرکز محله‌های خاص مربوط به خود، به عنوان نمونه موردی در خصوص مطالعه و بررسی در حوزه هندسه شکل‌گیری می‌باشد. در این نگارش با توجه به جمع‌آوری اطلاعات میدانی و کتابخانه‌ایِ وسیع و همچنین تحلیل و بررسی اسناد، مدارک و مُستندات باقی مانده از روشِ تحقیقات پژوهشی_بنیادی و براساس تحلیل و تفسیر اطلاعات پژوهشی به دست آمده به شرح و تفضیل چگونگی و نحوه شکل‌گیری هندسه شهرِ همدان و ارتباط آن با چَمَن‌ها با توجه به نمایش گرافیکی ادوار گوناگون این موضوع تا زمان معاصر پرداخت شده است. رهاوردِ این نگارش به دست آمدنِ عوامل اساسی در شکل‌گیری و توسعه شهر و نوع ارتباط آن با چَمَن‌ها با توجه به هندسه‌ایاست که در واقع تحتِ سیطره نیاز و دیگر عوامل وابسته به سکونت بشر، ارتباطاتِ معنایی نظامِ شهری را ایجاد و گسترش می‌دهد. یافته‌های اساسی تحقیق در خصوص شناسایی این هندسه و نحوه به‌کارگیری آن با توجه به اصلاح نظام شهرسازی شامل چنین مواردی می‌باشد: نمایش فرآیند تغییرات بر طبق هندسه رُشد، شناسایی و بررسی دلایل سامان‌بخشِ هندسی در نظام شهرسازی، نحوه و چگونگی تَطابُق‌دِهی هندسه ادراکیِ اساسی با هندسه حاضر به همراهِ مؤلفه‌های کنونی روز شهرسازی. براین اساس گُنجاندن نوع هندسه ادراکی جاری مطلوب در نظام شهرسازی، مؤلفه‌ای است که با ایراد آن در خُردترین قسمت شهر چون مراکز محلات تا کَلان‌ترین آن، می‌تواند بهبود دهنده روند شهرسازی حال و آینده گردد. این پژوهش به دلیل بررسی شهرسازیِ شهر از نقطه نظری خاص که به دنبال اصلی ادراکی در شکل‌گیری و تداوم روابط علّت‌و‌معلولیِ موضوعیتِ تحتِ عُنوانِ خود، هندسه است، گامی نوین به همراه اصولِ خودشناسی در جهتِ شهرسازی مطلوب می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Manifestation of perceptual geometry in the development of Iranian cities in history (case study: the city of Hamadan)
نویسندگان [English]
- Amir Hossein Farshchian 1
- Azita Balali Oskuei 2
1 Master student in Islamic Architecture in Architecture and urbanism faculty- Tabriz Islamic Art University-Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The present study is based on the analysis of perceiving geometry aiming at explaining, analyzing and displaying the geometry system of urban development according to different periods and the factors affecting it. Cities are formed from the crowds gathered along rivers and caves based on perceived relationships, including the requirements of human survival, and are developed according to the needs of people living in them. The most important issue in this system is the type of organization that bonds these parts to urbanism issues and controls them.
The main background and hidden relationship in urbanism system is perceiving geometry. It is a factor that systematizes the principles associated with subjectivities in relation to itself beyond visual perception and identifiable mathematical relations. The main research hypothesis and question presented is how cities are developed based on its perceiving geometry and if this type of geometry is effective in other general and specific subjects such as area and area centers.
This paper is based on survey-based research, phases of which include 1. defining this system and its performance; 2. studying perceiving geometry and its effects on the formation of Hamadan as a case study; 3. research literature and analysis of information and documents; 4. detailed description of the main periods and parts of the city; 5. analyzing and displaying graphics, images, and factors affecting the formation and geometry of the city and green areas (centers of districts in Hamadan); 6. identifying how the physical structure of the city is achieved, consolidated and continued based on perceived geometry 7. research results 8. strategies to maintain and renovate the geometry according to time and place; and 9. summary and description of the formation and development of the original geometry.
Hamadan has ten main periods of the city development based on the most significant changes in the urbanism system: 1. geometry and basic needs; 2. geometry and security vacuum; 3. geometry and government rule; 4. geometry and Islam; 5. geometry and wars 6. geometry and the notable presence of Shiites 7. geometry and machine 8. geometry and urbanism without geometry; 9. geometry and the increase of urban territory, 10. geometry and machinist. Since the early period, six main factors overshadowed this geometry from the smallest urban cell (house) to green spaces and the whole of the city: accessing water, food, green spaces, being with others, security and livelihood. At present, the remaining green spaces of this perceiving geometry system is that it apparently has no causality and order, but internally it has the most precise causal relationship so that the semantic adaptability of these issues will be manifested by analyzing this issue in the different periods of the city’s development.
The basic strategies that result from this research include: 1. detection of the type of process of change according to the geometry of growth and factors affecting it and how to respond in any successful period; 2. examination of the stoppage time and sidelining its correct and appropriate procedure along with the reasons regulating this issue; 3. identification of the type of geometry which, after stoppage period, has taken the procedure and managed the changes; 4. Finally, the adaptation of the type of the main perceiving geometry with the present geometry and entering the modern components in achieving a geometry in accordance with all aspects of present life. This geometry can be the most desirable turning point in this regard with a reforming view to the future of desirable architecture and urban development that can be turned to optimizing and renovating green space according to this type of recognized perceiving geometry.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Perceiving Geometry
- Iranian City
- Urbanism
- Hamadan
- Semantic Relations
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