نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه هنر تهران
2 عضو هیات علمی گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر تهران
3 عضو هیات علمی گروه معماری دانشگاه کردستان
چکیده
مخاطبان اصلی یک فضای شهری استفاده کنندگان از آن هستند و فضای شهری همراه با حضور مردم است که بار معنایی می یابد، بنابراین می توان گفت که توفیق هر فضای شهری را می باید در پاسخگویی آن به نیازهای کاربران و همخوانی طرح(کالبد) و محتوا(رفتار) با یکدیگر جست وجو نمود. لذا پژوهش بر روی استفاده کنندگان از یک فضای شهری می تواند بعنوان منبعی ارزشمند در برنامه ریزی، طراحی و مدیریت فضاهای شهری به کار گرفته شود. بدین ترتیب جهت سنجش میزان پاسخدهی یک فضای شهری، نخستین گام توجه به رفتارهای جاری در آن و بهره گیری از انواع روش های رفتارنگاری خواهد بود تا تصویری واضح از وضعیت موجود فضای شهری و میزان هماهنگی طرح و محتوا بدست آید. مهمترین فضای شهری فراغتی شهرستان مریوان و یکی از جذابترین مقصدهای استان کردستان برای گردشگران، فضای فراغتی کناره ی دریاچه ی زریبار است. در این پژوهش فضای مذکور با انجام رفتارنگاری طی36 روز و در طول فصول بهار، تابستان و پاییز سال 1394 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مقاله ی حاضر ضمن مروری کوتاه بر نظریات و روش های صاحب نظران در زمینه ی رفتارنگاری، با دسته بندی این روشها و در نظر گرفتن امکانات در دسترس، انواع روش های رفتارنگاری همخوان با شرایط را مورد استفاده قرار داده است. بنابراین پژوهش پیش رو یک تحقیق میدانی با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی است که جهت سنجش میزان پاسخگویی فضای شهری ذکر شده به رفتارهای جاری در آن انجام شده است. روش ارزیابی به صورت مشاهده ی مستقیم و حضور در فضا بوده، تحلیل داده های آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و تحلیل داده های مکانی با بهره گیری از نرم افزار GIS صورت گرفته است. نتایج این پژوهش به وضوح ناخرسندی کاربران از وضع موجود محیط فراغتی کناره ی آب دریاچه ی زریبار را نشان می دهد. نبود فضاهای نشستن با کیفیت و کمبود فضاهای نشستن از لحاظ کمی، مدت زمان سپری شده ی اندک مردم در محیط و عدم وجود شرایط آسایش محیطی جهت حمایت از رفتارهای مورد علاقه ی افراد حاضر در محیط، نمونه هایی از نارضایتی های کاربران نسبت به طرح وضع موجود بوده و نشان از آن دارد که شرایط وضع موجود به شیوه ی مناسبی پاسخده نیازهای کاربران نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Behavior Mapping, an approach to assessment of Urban spaces responsiveness. Case study: Recreational space of Zrêbar lake Waterfront, Marivan, Kurdistan.
نویسندگان [English]
- Soran Mansournia 1
- Fariba Gharaei 2
- Bakhtiar Bahrami 3
1
2 Associate Professor of Urban Design, University Of Art- Tehran
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, University Of Kurdistan.
چکیده [English]
The primary audience of an urban space is its users; urban spaces are given meaning and can be considered a place by people. Therefore, success of every urban space is related to its responsiveness to users' behavior, user demand and the compatibility of the ‘Environment’ with the ‘Behavior’ which lead to friendly urban spaces, maintain its number of users and encourage their presence in that urban space. Thus, a survey of the users of an urban space can be considered a valuable source in planning, management and designing of urban spaces. In order to analyse a public space’s responsiveness, it is considered a useful source to concentrate on user’s behavior which is a first step in this process of Behavior mapping. Behavior mapping utilizes a variety of behavior mapping types in different seasons, different months, different days and different hours of the day so as to obtain a clear vision of the current situation of urban spaces, diverse uses of urban space and measure the coordination of layout (Environment) and content (Behavior). Zrêbar lake Waterfront ambiance, which has a virgin nature, is the most remarkable recreational urban space for the inhabitants in Marivan. Furthermore, it is one of the most attractive destinations in Kurdistan Province for holidaymakers. In this article, behavior mapping was carried out in 36 days, in three seasons of 2015 (Spring, Summer and Autumn) and on all the days of the week in the aforementioned environment. This article briefly reviews the theories and methods of experts in environmental psychology and behavior mapping and categorizes these methods by taking the available facilities into account. Finally, consistent with existing conditions, various types of behavior mapping was applied including Stationary Behavior Mapping, Tracking, Tracing and Territorialization. Therefore, this research stems from fieldwork with a cross-sectional approach that was undertaken to measure responsiveness of the mention environment regarding activities and behaviors that occurred. Evaluation method used consisted of direct observation and presence in the environment. The data and quantitative indicators were analyzed by SPSS and the spatial data was analyzed by GIS. The results obviously indicate that users of Zrêbar lake waterfront are not satisfied with the current situation. Shortage of quality seating and sitting areas, the lack of time spent in the environment by users and also a lack of suitable conditions to support interesting activities and behaviors, ignoring needs of different ages in design (especially children and teenager age groups), lack of opportunity for users to touch the water and do water fights are examples of users dissatisfaction of the present condition and demonstrates that the current situation does not address users’ needs properly.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Behavior mapping
- Tracking
- Responsive space
- Tracing
- Zrêbar Lake
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