نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه تربت حیدریه
چکیده
یکی از اقدامات مهم پس از راه اندازی یک سیستم حمل ونقل نوین (همچون سامانه اتوبوسهای تندرو) (BRT)، ارزیابی آن جهت اطمینان از عملکرد مناسب سیستم میباشد. حملونقل، یکی از مهمترین دغدغههای مدیریت کلانشهر مشهد است. با وجود راهاندازی سامانه اتوبوسهای تندرو در این شهر، به اعتقاد کارشناسان حوزه حملونقل، معیارهای کنونی در ارزیابی عملکرد در این شهر کافی نبوده و دارای کاستیهایی میباشند. از اینرو، شناسایی و اولویتبندی معیارهای ارزیابی عملکرد این سامانه به ویژه با رویکرد توسعه پایدار ضرورت دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، توسعه یک چارچوب ارزیابی پس از اجرا (Ex-post) بر پایه استفاده از روشهای تصمیمگیری و محاسبه اوزان پارامترهای مؤثر در ارزیابی سامانه BRT در شهر مشهد است. در این راستا ضمن تعیین معیارهای مؤثر در ارزیابی کارایی این سامانه با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP)، به اولویتبندی شاخصهای هر معیار براساس تکمیل پرسشنامه و انجام مصاحبه با کارشناسان خبره در حوزه حملونقل و مدیریت شهری مشهد پرداخته شده است. براساس یافتههای تحقیق، در بین معیارهای مورد بررسی، معیار "منافع کاربران" با شاخصهای راحتی، صرفهجویی در هزینه، کاهش زمان سفر، کاهش استهلاک وسیله نقلیه شخصی، کاهش محرومیت اجتماعی و تنوع در گزینههای حملونقلی، بالاترین اولویت را در ارزیابی کارایی BRT کسب نموده و معیار " محیطی" (با وزن 377/0) در اولویت بعدی قرار گرفته است. در میان شاخصهای این معیار، سلامت و ایمنی (با وزن437/0) و آلودگی هوا (305/0) از عواملی تعیین شد که سبب ارزیابی بهتر از کارایی این سیستم در شهر مشهد خواهد شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effective quantitative and qualitative indicators in evaluating the performance of Bus Rapid Transit system (BRT) in a sustainable development view (the case of Mashhad city)
نویسندگان [English]
- Hamid Farhad
- Bahador Bazrafshan Moghadam
- Toktam Mohtashami
University of Torbath Heydarieh
چکیده [English]
Objectives
The rapid increase of motorized transport in cities, especially in metropolises, has caused severe environmental problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, time waste and accidents, and has affected sustainable development of urban transport. Mashhad city, with 3,218,000 inhabitants, hosts many pilgrims from different parts of Iran over the year. Transportation is one of the most important concerns for this metropolis. One of the solutions to this problem is development of Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) systems in this city to facilitate public transport. Given the importance of BRT projects in developing Mashhad and strategic importance of sustainability of future projects, the question is that what indices measure the economic, social and ecological aspects of BRT projects. This study seeks to answer this question from the perspective of urban transportation experts. The aim of this study is to develop an ex-post evaluation framework for Mashhad BRT system by using assessing methods and weighting effective factors in evaluating transport systems. This framework includes economic, social and environmental performance of the system and therefore involves all aspects of sustainable development that is expected to be considered in the future development of Mashhad transport system.
Method
Study indicators were selected by reviewing the literature on BRT system in recent years and based on sustainable development criteria. After determining effective factors in evaluating the performance of BRT system, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize criteria based on questionnaires and interviews with experts in the field of transportation and urban management.
Results
After creating a decision tree in EXPERT CHOICE software and entering information collected from the questionnaires, pair comparison of consistency rates was conducted for each matrix in order to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire. The inconsistency rate for all indices was found to be less than 0.1, a value that insures the consistency of selected criteria. Based on the findings, the User Benefits criterion – involving comfort, consumer saving, travel time saving, vehicle operating costs, reduction of social exclusion, and transport diversity indicators – has the highest priority of 0.426. The Externalities and Environmental criterion (weighted 0.377) ranked second. Among various indicators of these criteria, Safety (weighted 0.437) and Air Pollution (weighted 0.305) were determined to have the highest priority in evaluating the performance of BRT system in Mashhad. The sub-criteria of employment, including both direct and indirect employment in the construction process, has the highest relative weight (0.454) among different sub-criteria of the “indirect effects” due to the increasing the demand for stores, restaurants, etc. After determining the relative weights of the criteria and sub-criteria, the final weight of each of the different indices of BRT system assessment was calculated. The inconsistency rate was obtained to be 0.07, suggesting compatibility and reliability of answers. From the experts’ point of view, “cost savings” is the most important sub-criteria in evaluating the performance of BRT system. Accordingly, reduction of vehicle and fuel costs may reorient the related funds to other consumption areas that may contribute to the realization of sustainable urban development in the long term.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Bus Rapid Transit System
- AHP
- Transportation System
- Mashhad
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