شناسایی اثرات گردشگری و نقش آن در توسعه شهری کاشان

کیانی سلمی, صدیقه; بسحاق, محمدرضا

doi:10.34785/J011.2018.022

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ عضو هیات علمی گروه جغرافیا و اکوتوریسم

² دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.34785/J011.2018.022

چکیده

صنعت گردشگری به عنوان یکی از صنایع برتر در حال توسعه، امروزه جایگاه خاصی در اقتصاد کشورها داشته و با اثرات خود نقش فعال و مؤثری بر بهبود ساختار اقتصادی، اجتماعی_فرهنگی و محیطی جوامع ایفا میکند. با توجه به اهمیت فزاینده گردشگری، تحلیل آثار آن بر سایر ابعاد ضرورتی ویژه خواهد داشت. شهر کاشان با برخورداری از توانها و فرصتهای ویژه گردشگری، در ابعاد متفاوت اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیستمحیطی و کالبدی از این پدیده متأثر شده است. در این راستا هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی آثار گردشگری و نقش آن در توسعه شهری کاشان است. پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی_تحلیلی است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به تعداد 200 نفر محاسبه گردید. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه محقق ساختهای با 65 متغیر است که روایی آن با استفاده از نظر متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 738/0 مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه‌ و تحلیل نتایج پرسشنامه از روشهای مختلف آماری و نرم‌افزارهایSPSS و AMOS استفاده ‌شده است. نتایج حاصل از کاربرد مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نشان میدهد، توسعه گردشگری اثر معناداری بر توسعه شهری در کاشان داشته است. این اثرگذاری دارای بار عاملی 29/0 و سطح معناداری 000/0 بوده که با استناد به آن میتوان گفت در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد گردشگری بر توسعه شهری کاشان اثرگذار بوده است. در شاخصهای تبیین کننده توسعه شهری رشد خدمات فرهنگی (کتابخانه، مساجد و ...) با بار عاملی 67/0 بیش از سایر ابعاد از توسعه گردشگری اثر پذیرفته است. بار عاملی 66/0 برای توسعه تسهیلات و خدمات زیربنایی و عمرانی (شبکه آب و فاضلاب، مخابرات و ...) این شاخص را در جایگاه دوم قرار داده است. همچنین معناداری اثر گردشگری بر بهبود معیشت ساکنان با بار عاملی 65/0 و سطح معناداری 000/0 مورد تأیید قرار میگیرد. کسب بار عاملی 52/0 برای افزایش خدمات عمومی (خدمات بهداشتی، جمعآوری زباله و...) متأثر از توسعه گردشگری این شاخص را در رتبه چهارم اثرپذیری از گردشگری در مجموعه متغیرهای تبیین کننده توسعه شهری قرار میدهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

برنامه ریزی شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of tourism impacts and its role in urban development of Kashan

نویسنده [English]

M B ²

چکیده [English]

Objectives
Tourism, on the one hand, is important from the point of view of economic values and, on the other hand, from cultural, political and social viewpoints. It is important to geographically analyze the power and sufficiency of tourism because it provides an active and dynamic field for development in every region. Accurate scientific studies are needed to recognize the high potential of tourism in different regions of Iran and its effect on social and economic life of residents these regions, and to realize the link between tourism growth and its role in economic and environmental development of host areas. One of the touristic regions of Iran which attracts large numbers of internal and foreign tourists is the historical city of Kashan. Kashan’s historical, cultural and social attractions, its sport attraction in the Maranjab desert, rose-water festival, waterfalls, etc. have attracted native and non-native tourists and developed the city. Hence, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: how much does tourism development influence urban development? In addition to the modeling, what are the effective factors on tourism development? What are the effects of tourism development on urban development?
Findings
In line with effective factors on tourism development and its role in urban development, a list of variables was identified and arranged according to theoretical basis of the study. Then, the variables’ validity was checked and confirmed. Afterwards, the variables were evaluated in the form of a structural model. The results of analyses indicate that tourism has been effective on environmental, framework, economic, and social factors of the region. The economic factor plays the most important role in specifying the effects of Kashan tourism development. Income growth is the most tangible indicator affected by tourism development in the region. Capital increase and job diversification are other important indices which are influenced by tourism development in Kashan. Social factor is another crucial factor affected by tourism in Kashan. Four indices are loaded in this factor, including decrease in residents’ peace, increase in local and family income, realization of value of the local culture and efforts for protecting it and increased quality of life. Environmental factor is another factor which is affected by tourism development. The factor has dedicated maximum number of variables to itself which shows that it is largely influenced by tourism development of the region. The last affected factor is framework. Unfortunately, tourism development of the region has been accompanied by many framework destructions.
Results
The results demonstrate that tourism development has an important role in urban development. This effectiveness was 0.29 at the significance level of 0.000. Therefore, with a confidence of 99%, tourism development influences urban development. Tourism development in Kashan accounts for 0.67% development in cultural services (library, mosque, etc.), 0.66% development in facilities and infrastructure services (water and sewage network, transmission, etc.), 0.65% improvement in residents’ living and 0.52% increase in common services (hygienic service, accumulation of garbage, etc.).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Tourism Development
Urban Development
Modeling
Structural Equations

مراجع

-Ali Pour Taheri, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Ali (2009). «The Impacts of Commercial Tourism on Spatial Development of Urban Areas Case Study: Baneh City», Human Geography Research, No. 70, pp. 91-109. [In Persian]

-Ayhan Akis (2010). «The effects of mass tourism: A case study from Manavgat (Antalya – Turkey)», The 2^nd International Geography Symposium GEOMED, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 19 (2011) 289–296.

-Azizi, Mohammad Mehdi (2003). «The Position of Housing Indicators in the Housing Planning Process», Journal of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, pp. 31-42. [In Persian]

- Ali Husseini, Rahman (2010). Spatial Analysis of Banks Settlement Places Using GIS (Case Study, Bank Branches in District 3 of Isfahan) Graduate Master of Geography and Urban Planning, Isfahan University. [In Persian]

- Alawi, Mosa (2013). «Structural Equation Modeling in Health Sciences Education Researches», Iranian Journal of Medical Education, Vol. 6, pp. 519-530. [In Persian]

- Barbara, Bayan (2011). Application and Analysis of the Structural Equation Model in the Humanities Using the AMOS Software Translated by Ali Hosseinzadeh in collaboration with Hossein Erfani, Sajjad Shamsi Kushki, Seyed Mehdi Mohammadi, Shushtar Azad University, 500 p. [In Persian]

- Bashagh, Mohammad Reza (2015). Structural Equation Modeling in the Humanities. Amos 22, Tehran, Sociologists Publishing. [In Persian]

- Barker, Michael and page, Stephen J (2002). «Visitor safety in urban tourism environment: the case of Auckland, NewZealand», Cities, Vol.19, No.4.

- Behdost, Frank, Pourahmad, Ahmad (2015). «Investigating the Impacts of Urban Tourism on Development of Kermanshah City», Quarterly Tourism Space, Vol. 4, No. 14, pp. 115-132. [In Persian]

- Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Kashan (2016). [In Persian]

- Corbiere-Nicollier, T., Ferrari, Y., Jemelin, C., Jolliet, O (2003). «Assessing sustainability: An assessment framework to evaluate Agenda 21 actions at the local level», International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp 225-237 .

- Donald , E, Hawkins, shaun Mann (2007). «The world Banks Role in Tourism development», Annual of tourism,research, vol.34, No21, pp 348-36.

- Das, J. and Dirieno, Cassandra. E (2009). «Global tourism competitiveness & freedom of the press», Journal of Travel Research, 47(4), 470-479.

- Development Project (comprehensive) of Kashan City (2010). Consulting Engineers of Shah Jahan Pars. [In Persian]

- Etemadiinia, Amir Abbas and Mohsen Moslehi (2012). «Analysis and survey of tourism and its role on sustainable urban development (Case study: Isfahan city)», Journal of Geography and Urban Planning of Zagros landscape, 4th Year, No. 13, pp. 137-164. . [In Persian]

- Famil Noruzi, Hamed, Sharifi, Shahram, Sheidyai, Aileen (2015). «Evaluation of Urban Tourism with Emphasis on Development of Tourism Infrastructure and Urban Competitiveness; Case Study: Tehran Metropolis», Urban Management, No. 39, pp. 369-392. [In Persian]

- Faraji Rad, Abdolreza and Seyed Jhaleh Nasiri (2010). «Analytical Approaches to Sustainable Tourism Development of the City», Geographical Quarterly of the Territory, Scientific and Research, seventh year, No. 25, pp. 29-40. [In Persian]

- Falahatabar, Nasrollah, Modiri, Mehdi (2011). «Tourism, especially religious tourism and pilgrimage of the most important pillar of sustainable development (Case study: Kashan City)», New Attitudes in Human Geography (Human Geography), Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 171-186. [In Persian]

- Habib, Farah and Mahdieh Hosseininei (2013). «An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Culture and Its Impact on the Recruitment of Cultural Tourism (A Study of Multiple Global Examples) », The Journal of Urban Identity, No. 14, Seventh Year. [In Persian] «»

- Hajinejad Ali., Pourtaheri, Mahdi, Ahmadi Ali (2009). «The Impacts of Commercial Tourism on the Development of Urban Space In Urban Areas Case Study: Baneh City», Human Geography Researches (Geographical Research) Volume 41, Issue 70 pp. 91-109. [In Persian]

- Ibrahim Nia Samakosh, Saeed, Khaksari, Ali, Latifi, Gholamreza, Damadi, Mohammad (2013). «Evaluation the role of urban tourism in the economic-environmental development of Babolsar», Quarterly journal of economics and urban management, No. 3, pp. 17-31. [In Persian]

- Ismail Zazadeh, Hasan, Sarrafy, Mozaffar and Jamile Tavakoliinia (2011). « An Analysis of the Tourism Approach in Local Communities», Journal of Environmental Science, Ninth Year, No. II, pp. 119-142. [In Persian]

- Inskeep, E. (1991). Tourism Planning: An integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, New York: Van Notrand Reinhold.

- Jahedi, Fatima (2007). Tourism Role in Regional Development of Gorgan, Master's Thesis, Tehran University. [In Persian]

- Jafari Samimi, Ahmad, Khebreh, Shima (2015). «The Effect of Religious Tourism on Economic Growth in Iran's Provinces», Quarterly Journal of Tourism Space, Vol. 4, No. 15, pp. 85-103. [In Persian]

- Hajinejad, Ali, Pourtaheri, Mehdi, Ahmadi Ali (2009). «The Impacts of Commercial Tourism on the Development of Urban Space In Urban Areas Case Study: Baneh City», Human Geographic Researches (Geographic Researches), Volume 41, Issue 70, pp. 91-109.

- Karami, Mehrdad, Modri, Mehdi (2010). «Identification of Tourism Potential Areas for Achieving Regional Development (A Case Study of Koolporgan) », Applied Geosciences Research, Vol. 10, No. 17, pp 65-84. [In Persian]

- Karimi, Ja'far and Mohammad Reza Mahbobfar (2012). Rural Tourism of Iran (Attractions, Wonderful Villages, Planning), Arkan Danesh Publication, Esfahan, First Edition. [In Persian]

- Kayani, Maryam (2014) Investigating the mental image of local residents on tourism development, Master thesis ecotourism, Kashan University. [In Persian]

- Leah, John (2008). Tourism and Development in the Third World, Translate by Rukn al-Din Eftekhari and Masoumeh Sadat Salehi Amini, Tehran: Bazargani publishing. [In Persian]

- Keshvarz, yousef (2014). Structural Equation Modeling Using Amos (AMOS), Book Publishing Institute of Mehrban Publishing. [In Persian]

- Kirschkamp, A (2007). A contingency based view of Chief executive officers early warning behavior, Gabler edition Wissenschaft.

- Kousis, M (2000). «Tourism and the environment; A social Movments prepectives»; Anals of Tourism Research; Vol. 27; No, 2.

- Mohammadi, Saadi (2005). The Role of Tourism in Rural Development, A Case Study: Zarybar Marivan Distric, Master's Thesis, University of Tehran. [In Persian]

- Mickaely, A. R (2000). Tourism Planning in accordance with Environmental Principles, Geographical Quarterly, No. 39, 32. [In Persian]

- Mousavi, Mirnejf (2014). «An Analysis of the Role of Religious Tourism in Urban Development (Study of Moody: Imamzadeh Jafar (AS)», Journal of Urban Research and Planning, No. eighteen, pp. 77-94. [In Persian]

- Movahed, Ali (2007). Urban Tourism, Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahwaz. [In Persian]

- Moradi, Maryam, Rahmani, Bijan (2010). «The Role of Tourism in Sustainable Urban Development, Case Study: Mashhad City», Geographical Quarterly of the Land, Scientific and Research, Seventh Year, No. 25, pp. 41-52. [In Persian]

- Miranda, J (1999): Evaluating sustainble agriculture utilizing multicriteria analysis: The case of Guaira. Sp, Brazil, Clark University, United State.

- Miraj, Farahnaz (2007). «The Effect of Tourism Attractions of Semnan Province on Employment Dynamics», Journal of Geographic Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 39-58. [In Persian]

- Malekian, Mahmoud (2013). «Explaining the Role of Public spaces in Urban Tourism Development», Urban Research, No. 5, Second Year, Pages 55-63. [In Persian]

- Movahed, Ali and Sedigheh Dowlatshah (2011). «Study of Tourism Capacity for Urban Tourism Development in Khorramabad», Geography and Land Resources (Location), First Year, No. 1, pp. 87-102. [In Persian]

- Nejhad Hosseini, Seyyed Mohammad (2000). «New Urban Management Paradigms», Urban Management Quarterly, First Year, No. 10, pp. 1-10. [In Persian]

- Pourahmad, Ahmad, Bahdost, Frank, Farhoudi, Rahmatullah (2015). «Investigating the Role of Tourism in Urban Development of Kermanshah», Journal of Geography and Urban- Regional Development, No. 15, pp. 86-100. [In Persian]

- Pourmohammadi, Mohammad (2003). Land Use Planning, Samt Organization Publications, Tehran. [In Persian]

- Patrick, R (2002). Developing sustainbility indicators for rural residential areas:The public transit connection,Simon Fraser University, United State.

- Salehi, Reza, Nemati, Morteza, Amanpour, Saeed (2014). «A study on the mechanism of influencing social capital indicators in a desirable urban governance using Amos», Case study: Nasim Shahr City, Journal of Spatial Planning (Geography), Year Fourth, No. First, (12), p. 1- 24. [In Persian]

- Sharplei .j and Richard‚ (1997). Rural Tourism: An introduction.

- Shahmoradi, Safora (2016). Analysis of the spatial effects of Zayandehrud Tourism Development Complex on Chadegan city, Master's thesis, Geography and Ecotourism Department, Kashan University. [In Persian]

- Sharifi Renani, Hossein, Safai Shakib, Maryam, Emadzadeh, Mostafa (2009). «The Effect of Tourism on Iran's Economic Growth (1989-2008)», Journal of Financial Economics (Financial and Development Economics), Volume 2, Issue 6, PP 9 -25. [In Persian]

- Chuang ShuTzu (2013). «Residents' Attitudes Toward Rural Tourism in Taiwan: a Comparative Viewpoint», International Journal of Tourism Research, Volume 15, Issue 2, pp 152–170.

- Tahmasebi J. and Majidi, R (2005). «Tourism Landscape South Coast of the Caspian Sea and Its Effects on the Development of Towns and Villages in Area (Case Study: City Tonekabon)», Proceedings of the First National Conference on the Role of Tourism Development in Mazandaran Province, Tehran: Resanesh Publication.

- Timothy, Dallen J. and Geoffrey wall (1995): «Tourist Accommodation in an Asian Historic city», The Journal of Tourism Studies, Vo1. 6, No. 2.

- Toloui, Mohammad Ibrahim (2005). «The Role of Tourism in Employment», Quarterly of Work and Society, (6 and 7) 65, pp. 90-99. [In Persian]

- United Nations (2007). Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies, Third Edition, New York.

- Ullman, J. B (2006). « Structural Equation Modeling: Reviewing the Basics and moving Forward», Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 35-50.

- Zali, Nader and Ismael-zadeh, Yaghoub (2015). «Possibility of Development of Tourism with Sustainable Development Approach in Urmia Border Town», Geography and Urban-Regional Development, Vol. 5, No. 14, pp. 89-104. [In Persian]

- Zandieh, Mehdi and Shervin Goodarzian (2014). « Landscape Approach, Urban Tourism Success Factor», Journal of Bagh Nazar, No. 30, 11-11, pp. 59-66. [In Persian]

فصلنامه مطالعات شهری

شناسایی اثرات گردشگری و نقش آن در توسعه شهری کاشان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 7، شماره 25 - شماره پیاپی 25
اسفند 1396
صفحه 31-44

شناسایی اثرات گردشگری و نقش آن در توسعه شهری کاشان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 7، شماره 25 - شماره پیاپی 25اسفند 1396صفحه 31-44

دوره 7، شماره 25 - شماره پیاپی 25
اسفند 1396
صفحه 31-44