سنجش پراکنده رویی شهری با استفاده از داده های فضایی- زمانی، نمونه موردی: شهر ارومیه

عابدینی, اصغر; خلیلی, امین

doi:10.34785/J011.2018.024

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

² دانشجو

10.34785/J011.2018.024

چکیده

رشد روزافزون جمعیت و افزایش شهرنشینی، باعث ایجاد پدیدهای به نام پراکنده‌رویی شهری در عمده شهرهای جهان گردیده است. این امر پیامدهای اقتصادی و زیستمحیطی فراوانی را به شهرها تحمیل نموده؛ بنابراین بررسی، سنجش و شناخت این پدیده ضروری می‌نماید. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و سنجش شدت پراکندهرویی شهری در شهر ارومیه به عنوان مطالعه موردی میباشد تا برنامهریزان و مدیران شهری بتوانند با آگاهی و شناخت بیشتری به منظور رشد آتی شهر ارومیه و رسیدن به توسعه پایدار شهری برنامهریزی نمایند. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف پژوهشی، نظری_کاربردی است و از نظر ماهیت پژوهشی، توصیفی_تحلیلی است. به منظور سنجش و بررسی پراکنده‌رویی شهری روشهای متعددی به کار گرفته شده است. امروزه متریک‌های چشمانداز و داده_‌های فضایی به دلیل این که پراکندهرویی را با جزئیات بالا و در یک سطح دقیق شناسایی میکنند، در سرتاسر جهان به ‌طور وسیعی به کار گرفته می ‌شوند. در تحقیق پیشِ رو برای سنجش پراکنده‌رویی ‌شهری در شهر ارومیه از داده‌های فضایی_ماهواره‌ای و تلفیق این دادهها با متریک‌های چشم_‌انداز (برای نخستین بار در ایران) در راستای سنجش پراکنده ‌رویی بهره گرفته ‌شده است. در این راستا ابتدا تصاویر ماهواره‌ای مربوط به سال‌های 1375، 1385، 1390 و 1394 به کمک ماهواره Landsatگردآوری گردیده و با‌ استفاده از شبکه عصبی_‌مصنوعی در دو کلاس اراضی ساخته‌ شده و اراضی ساختهنشده طبقه‌بندی گردیده و سپس آشکارسازی تغییرات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار‌ENVI4.8 صورت گرفته و با کاربست متریک‌های چشمانداز(شاخص بعد فراکتال، شاخص بزرگترین قطعه، شاخص مجاورت، شاخص تعداد قطعه و شاخص شکل) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار‌Fragstats 4.2، پراکنده‌رویی شهری در شهر ‌ارومیه سنجیده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد پراکنده‌رویی شهری در شهر ارومیه در بازه‌ زمانی 1370 تا 1390 روندی کاهشی داشته و از این دوره تا به امروز روند افزایشی را پیموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

برنامه ریزی شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measurement of Urban Sprawl Using Spatial-temporal Data (Case Study: City of Urmia)

نویسنده [English]

asghar abedini ¹

¹ University of Urmia

چکیده [English]

The growing population and increasing urbanization have caused a phenomenon known as urban sprawl in major cities of the world. This issue has imposed much economic and environmental consequences on cities. According to this review, it is necessary to recognize and assess this phenomenon. This study is a theoretical-practical research in terms of objectives and a descriptive-analytical one in nature. Today, landscape metrics and spatial data are used widely throughout the world to measure and evaluate urban sprawl. In the present study, to measure urban sprawl in Urmia, the spatial-temporal data and landscape metrics are used for the first time to measure urban sprawl in Iran. In this regard, satellite images related to the years 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2015 were collected. Then, the data was classified into two categories of constructed and unconstructed lands using artificial neural network. Afterwards, changes were detected by ENVI4.8 software program and the urban sprawl in Urmia was assessed applying landscape metrics (shape index, fractal dimension index, contiguity index, number of patch index, largest patch index) using the Fragstats4.2 software program.
Investigation of shape index indicates the sprawl trend in Urmia. During 1991-2011, this index continuously declined, indicating the reduction of sprawl trend in the Urmia during this period. From 2011 onward, the trend has taken an uptrend that shows the increase of sprawl trend in the city. This points to the irregularly made patches that lead to random growth and unplanned development of urban areas.
Fractal dimension describes the complexity and fragmentation of each patch by perimeter to area ratio. Increased complexity and fragmentation causes increased perimeter and thus increased fractal dimension. Therefore, increased fractal dimension shows an increase in the urban sprawl intensity. During 1991-2011 in Urmia, the intensity of sprawl was declining partially. However, during 2011-2015, the phenomenon of sprawl and developments in suburb areas intensified in the city.
The high value of Contiguity Index means more compaction. This index had a balanced trend during 1991-2011 and maintained its existing compaction. However, during 2011-2015, this index transformed and went through a significant downtrend, showing the tendency for sprawl in the city.
Number of Patches Index intensifies when the extent of sprawl increases. The investigation of this index in the study area indicates the reduction of sprawl area during 1991-2011, so the intensity of sprawl reduced to some extent. But, after this interval, i.e. from 2011-2015, sprawl intensified in Urmia.
The investigation of this index in the study area shows an oscillating trend in a way that the trend reduced during 1991-2001 and, thus, the sprawl intensity in the region reduced. During 2011-2011, the value of this index increased and the studied area tended more intensely toward urban sprawl. Finally, sprawl intensity in Urmia increased significantly during 2011-2015.
The results of the present study show that urban sprawl in Urmia has followed a descending trend during 1991-2011 and an ascending trend ever since.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Urban Sprawl
The City of Urmia
Change Detection of Land Cover
Remote Sensing

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فصلنامه مطالعات شهری

سنجش پراکنده رویی شهری با استفاده از داده های فضایی- زمانی، نمونه موردی: شهر ارومیه

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 7، شماره 25 - شماره پیاپی 25
اسفند 1396
صفحه 63-76

سنجش پراکنده رویی شهری با استفاده از داده های فضایی- زمانی، نمونه موردی: شهر ارومیه

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 7، شماره 25 - شماره پیاپی 25اسفند 1396صفحه 63-76

دوره 7، شماره 25 - شماره پیاپی 25
اسفند 1396
صفحه 63-76