ارزیابی مراکز شهری مبتنی بر رویکرد پاسخ‌دهی محیطی (نمونه موردی: منطقه مرکزی شهر گنبدکاووس)

قره‌بگلو, مینو; نژاد ابراهیمی, احد; جاویدمهر, ملیحه

doi:10.34785/J011.2018.004

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

² گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

³ دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه بین‌الملل امام خمینی، قزوین

10.34785/J011.2018.004

چکیده

بخش مرکزی شهر به عنوان یکی از اجزای اصلی شهر، همواره در طول تاریخ حائز اهمیت بوده‌است. اقشار مختلف مردم با اهداف مختلف، نیاز به حضور و تردد در مراکز شهرها را دارند. این درحالی است که فضاهای شهری برای شکل‌گیری بسیاری از خاطرات اجتماعی و برقراری تعاملات نیز می‌توانند کمک‌کننده باشند. طراحی محیط شهری به‌عنوان بستر مناسب برای حضور گسترده شهروندان، می‌تواند بسیاری از نیازهای آنها را به نحو مطلوبی پاسخ دهد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی معیارهای تأثیرگذار بر ارتقای مفهوم پاسخ‌دهی به کاربران و ایجاد رضایت در آنهاست. در این پژوهش بافت تاریخی بخش مرکزی شهر گنبدکاووس به‌عنوان یکی از فضاهای عمومی مهم انتخاب شده‌ و به‌دنبال پاسخ بدین سئوال است که مؤلفه‌های پاسخ‌ده در بخش مرکزی شهر گنبدکاووس برای ارزیابی و راهکارهای بهبود آن کدام‌ها‌ هستند. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی بوده و با استفاده از روش تحقیق کیفی و راهبرد پیمایشی غیرمستقیم مبتنی بر نظر خبرگان برای تدوین مؤلفه‌ها استفاده شده‌است. خبرگان از میان اساتید دانشگاه در رشته معماری و مدیران شهری و دانشجویان رشته معماری، پیرامون موضوع تحقیق تعیین شده‌اند. شناخت متغیرهای پژوهش به واسطه تحلیل ادبیات موضوع، از طریق استدلال منطقی در راستای دستیابی به راهکارهای اجرایی بهینه در حوزه پاسخ‌دهی محیطی مراکز شهری انجام شده‌است. با مطالعه ادبیات موضوع معیارهایی همچون دسترسی، تنوع استفاده از زمین، خوانایی، نفوذپذیری، غنا (توانگری)، تمرکز و تراکم استفاده از فضای زمین، تناسبات بصری، انعطاف‌پذیری، خصوصی‌سازی و ساختار سازمان‌دهی استخراج به وسیله خبرگان اولویت‌بندی شده‌اند. مجموعه‌ای از استراتژی‌ها به منظور تقویت و بهبود وضعیت موجود همچون ایجاد تنوع استفاده از زمین، تقویت تناسبات بصری، حفظ و تقویت هویت و حس مکان، ایجاد یک ساختار سازمان‌دهی، ایجاد و تقویت انعطاف‌پذیری و تقویت نفوذپذیری نیز مبتنی بر تکنیک تاپسیس فازی به وسیله خبرگان ارزیابی و درنهایت برای اجرا اولویت‌بندی خواهند شد. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان‌ می‌دهد که از میان مؤلفه‌های مورد بررسی، اهمیت دسترسی به مجموعه با توجه به تسهیل در امکان رفت‌و‌آمد و حضور راحت به مجموعه در بالاترین اولویت قرار گرفته ‌است. سپس تنوع در کاربری‌های موجود برای پاسخگویی به نیازهای متفاوت کاربران و تنوع در ایجاد فرم‌ها، به ایجاد جذابیت بیشتر مجموعه کمک شایانی خواهد کرد. مؤلفه‌های خوانایی و نفوذپذیری نیز در یافتن هرچه بهتر مجموعه و فضاهای آن بسیار حائز اهمیت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

معماری شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Evaluation of Urban Centers based on Environmental Responsiveness (Case Study: Gonbad-e Kavus Urban Center, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

minou Gharehbaglou ¹
ahad nezhadebrahimi ²
maliheh javidmehr ³

¹ Department of architecture, faculty of architecture and urbanism, Tabriz islamic art university,Tabriz. Iran.

² Department of architecture, Faculty of architecture and urbanism, Tabriz islamic art university, Tabriz, Iran.

³ Ph.D Student in Architecture, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin

چکیده [English]

As key elements of cities, urban areas have always been an important issue in the history of urban studies. People of various social strata may need to visit and/or pass through urban areas with different goals on a regular basis. In this sense, urban spaces can play an important role in forming social interactions and shaping people’s memories. The optimal design of an urban environment as a suitable context for extensive social interactions can help to meet the needs of citizens in an effective way. Urban areas are considered as the core context for social and economic interactions in cities. Insofar as they facilitate the presence and mobility of people, urban areas act as the beating hearts of cities and have an important role in establishing communication among various members of the society. This study aims to investigate the historic textureof Gonbad-e Kavus urban area which is one of the most important public spaces in Gonbad-e Kavus and home to major economic and recreational centers. The main objective of this study is to comprehensively identify the factors that enhance the responsiveness of urban areas as well as the criteria that help to achieve user satisfaction. The main research question addresses the degree of importance of factors that influence the responsiveness of the studied urban area, which is why it is essential to identify them clearly. In addition, improving the responsiveness of urban areas via considering the importance of influencing factors is the idea behind the second research question. The present study is an applied research in terms of its objective and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its methodology. The process of identifying effective factors was based on a qualitative research strategy conducted through an indirect survey tactic based on expert opinions collected from a community of urban planners, professors and students of architecture. The sample size was determined by Cochran’s sample size formula and the participants were randomly selected via the snowball sampling method. The variables were identified based on theoretical studies through an extensive review of the related literature in order to achieve appropriate executive strategies for enhancing the environmental responsiveness of urban areas. Based on the literature review, a comprehensive set of responsiveness criteria was identified and prioritized by experts, including accessibility, land use diversity, legibility, permeability, richness, concentration or density of land use, visual proportions, flexibility, privatization and structure of organization. Considering the current condition of Gonbad-e Kavus urban area, a comprehensive set of effective strategies was evaluated and proposed for improving the current indices of environmental responsiveness. The results indicate that, among the evaluated strategies, the accessibility, diversity and legibility strategies have the highest levels of priority, in order of importance, for improving the responsiveness of Gonbad-e Kavus urban area. Given its role in facilitating commuting and convenient access to this area, accessibility is identified as the first priority. In addition, the diversity of existing land use patterns for meeting various user needs helps significantly to increase the appeal of this urban area for attracting a larger audience. Finally, the factors of legibility and permeability are also very important in creating a more responsive urban area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

urban areas
responsive environments
citizens’ needs
Gonbad-e Kavus

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