نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

10.34785/J011.2018.010

چکیده

ساخت­وسازهای با برنامه و بدون برنامه، منجر به گسترش شهرها و نواحی پیرامونی آنها در اراضی کشاورزی استان مازندران شده‌ و این اراضی را دستخوش تغییرات و یا حتی تخریب گسترده قرار داده است. هدف مقاله حاضر سنخ­شناسی الگوهای فضایی پراکنده‌رویی در شهر_منطقه مرکزی مازندران( شامل شهرستان‌های ساری، بابل و قائمشهر)  است. روش­شناسی پژوهش کمی بوده و داده­های اصلی آن از طریق دو مؤلفه جمعیتی و کالبدی_فضایی به دست می­آید. داده­های جمعیتی از سالنامه‌های آماری استان مازندران و داده‌های کالبدی_فضایی شامل اراضی ساخته شده (براساس تصاویر لندست و نقشه 1:25000 توسعه استان مازندارن) و تراکم ساختمانی در طی سال‌های 1365 تا 1395 استفاده شد. سایر داده‌ها براساس پردازش آماری و ریاضی از داده‌های جمعیتی و کالبدی_فضایی با استفاده از نرم­افزارGIS ، ESRI و مدل فرم رشد شهری به دست آمدند. سپس برای سنخ‌شناسی الگوهای فضایی در مقیاس کلان از برآوردگر کریجینگ و برای الگوهای فضایی در مقیاس خرد از مدل فرم رشد شهری استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از این است که در مقیاس کلان، پراکنده­رویی در سال‌های مطالعاتی افزایش یافته است. به رغم این که الگوی فضایی در سال 1365 به واسطه پایین بودن متغیرهای مطالعاتی، تنها در سه مرکز اصلی شهری محدوده متمرکز بوده و در اراضی پیرامون آنها به خصوص در شهرستان ساری، پراکنده‌رویی وجود داشته است. اما در یک روند زمانی 30 ساله همزمان با تمرکز توسعه در اراضی شهری، اراضی پیراشهری و روستایی نیز توسعه یافته و پدیده پراکنده‌رویی با افزایش ارزش متغیرها شدت گرفته است. از طرف دیگر، در مقیاس خرد، الگوی فضایی پراکنده­رویی در سال‌های 1365 تا 1375 خطی بوده که به دلیل توسعه در پیرامون مرزهای سکونتگاه‌های شهری (اراضی پیراشهری) به وجود آمده است. اما در بازه 85-1375 توسعه پراکنده به الگوی میان­افزا گرایش بیشتری داشته و حاکی از شکل­گیری الگوی تلفیقی خطی_میان افزای پراکنده‌رویی دارد. در بازه 95-1385 نیز الگوی توسعه به صورت میان افزا شکل گرفته است. گفتنی است که در بررسی جداگانه سکونتگاه‌های شهری و روستایی شهر_منطقه مطالعاتی، نتایج متفاوتی در اراضی شهری مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Typology of spatial patterns of sprawl in city-regions (Case study: central city-region of Mazandaran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fardis Salarian 1
  • Hashem Dadashpoor 2

1 Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor in Tarbiat Modares University

چکیده [English]

Residential constructions with or even without plan have led to the expansion of cities and their peripheral areas into the agricultural lands of central city-region of Mazandaran province. The economic capacity of this region is based on the capacity of agricultural development. To preserve the national capital, a specific plan should be adopted to prevent the increasing destruction of the lands and the development of the buildings constructed on these lands. The current capacity has already been completely forgotten and undergone changes or even widespread degradation due to the development of the land and housing market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the typology of spatial patterns of sprawl in central city-region of Mazandaran province. The research method is quantitative and the main data is summarized in terms of demographic and physical-spatial components to achieve the research objectives.
The annual data on the population of rural and urban areas in the Statistical Yearbooks of Mazandaran Province from 1986 to 2016 was consulted to obtain demographic data. Physical-spatial data includes the data related to built-up lands during 1986-2016 (based on Landsat images and 1:25000 map of Mazandaran province development) and construction density in the study period. Other data was obtained from statistical and mathematical processing of demographic and physical-spatial data using GIS, ESRI, and the urban growth model. Then, the Kriging Estimator was used for the typology of macro-scale spatial models. Also, the urban growth form (UGF) was used for micro-scale spatial patterns. This model can identify 3 main types of sprawl, including linear, infill and leap-frog patterns, based on the development process perspective.
The results of the research indicate that urban sprawl has increased on the macro scale during the studied period. In this sense, the spatial pattern in 1986 was focused on only three main urban centers with a sprawl in their peripheral lands, especially in the city of Sari. However, in 1996, due to the transformation of some rural centers into urban areas and the trend of development in the lands around urban centers, concentration in Babol increased, but only some parts of the lands of Babol and Qaemshahr underwent the sprawl phenomenon. This was the case up to 2006, but in 2016, along with the concentration of development in urban, peri-urban and rural lands, the sprawl phenomenon intensified with increasing values of the related variables.
On the other hand, spatial patterns of sprawl from 1986 to 1996 (including intervals of 1986-1996 and 1996-2006) were linear on a micro scale, a line with an upward trend due to the development around the boundaries of urban settlements (peri-urban lands). However, in the period from 1986 to 1996, sprawled development tended to have an infill pattern, indicating the emergence of a combination of linear and infill patterns. In the period from 2006 to 2016, the spatial pattern of growth was also an infilled one. It should be noted that, in a separate study of urban and rural settlements of the studied city-region, different results were observed in urban lands. Thus, it can be concluded that the sprawl pattern in urban lands often follows a dispersed and linear pattern, while rural settlements have a linear and infill pattern. The sprawl pattern in the central city-region of Mazandaran has evolved as a result of the development of rural lands.
Residential constructions with or even without plan have led to the expansion of cities and their peripheral areas into the agricultural lands of central city-region of Mazandaran province. The economic capacity of this region is based on the capacity of agricultural development. To preserve the national capital, a specific plan should be adopted to prevent the increasing destruction of the lands and the development of the buildings constructed on these lands. The current capacity has already been completely forgotten and undergone changes or even widespread degradation due to the development of the land and housing market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the typology of spatial patterns of sprawl in central city-region of Mazandaran province. The research method is quantitative and the main data is summarized in terms of demographic and physical-spatial components to achieve the research objectives.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Typology
  • Sprawl
  • Spatial Pattern
  • City–Region
  • Mazandaran
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