نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
مدرس گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
چکیده
چارچوب فرایند پژوهش برنامهریزی برای به کارگیری روش نظریه مبنایی برساختگرا، پیوستار عناصر هستیشناسی، معرفتشناسی، روششناسی و روش را چگونه تعریف میکند؟ این مقاله با هدف تمهید پایه منطقی برای کاربرد روش نظریه مبنایی برساختگرا در مطالعات برنامهریزی شهری و منطقهای به نگارش درآمده است. نظریه مبنایی با قرار گرفتن در چارچوب رهیافت اِمیک در پژوهشهای برنامهریزی، آن را از نقطهنظر مشارکت کننده توصیف کرده و دیدگاهی از این که مشارکتکنندگان چگونه آن را به مثابه امری واقعی و معنادار درک و قبول میکنند، تولید میکند. با تشخیص اهمیت داستانها و روایتهای عاملان درگیر در فرایندهای برنامهریزی، رمزگشایی از ارزشهای زیرکار و ادراکات مشترک در کاربستهای برنامهریزی ممکن میشود. در این روش رویکرد پژوهشگر صراحتاً مبتنی بر این فرض است که هر گونه تفسیر نظری، یک تصویر تفسیری از جهان مورد مطالعه را پیشنهاد میدهد نه یک تصویر دقیق از آن. در همین راستا، کاربست این روش مطابق با فرایند پیشنهادی چارمز توصیف و تحلیل شده است. دادههای تحلیل عناصر ذهنی پژوهششوندگان به واسطه روش مصاحبههای عمیق نیمه_ساختار یافته فراهم شده و پس از انجام مراحل پیش کدگذاری اعم از گردآوری دادهها و پیادهسازی آنها، مرحله تحلیل دادهها و طیفهای سهگانه کدگذاری( کدگذاری اولیه، کدگذاری متمرکز و کدگذاری نظری) تشریح شدهاند. افزون بر آن، فرایندهای انگاشتپردازی نظریه مبنایی برساختگرا با به کار بردن یادداشتنگاری و اشباع نظری نیز مورد تأکید قرار گرفتهاند. شناخت این رویکرد در میان سایر رویکردهای نظریه مبنایی و فرایند متواتر قابل کاربرد آن در پژوهشهای برنامهریزی به واسطه روش توصیفی_تحلیلی برخاسته از مطالعات گسترده نظری و تجربه عملی به کارگیری این فرایند با روش پیمایشی بوده است.این مهم در انتظام برنامهریزی شهری و منطقهای در ردیابی درک برنامهریزان از برآمدهای برنامهریزی، محیط برنامهریزی و بستر اجتماعی و نیز با توجه به ماهیت مکانمند نظریه برنامهریزی، در عملآوری نظریه برنامهریزی محتوایی و میانی مرتبط با موقعیت خاص قابلیت کاربرد دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Constructivist Grounded Theory Method Application in Urban and Regional Planning Researches
نویسنده [English]
- pouya Joudi
. Lecturer, Architecture and Urbanism faculty, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]
How does the framework of the planning research process define the elements of the ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods continuum to employ a constructivist grounded theory method? This paper aimed to provide a rationale for use of such a method for urban and regional planning research. Embedded within the framework of the emic approach in planning research, the theory describes it from the participants’ points of view, generating a perspective on how they recognize it as a real, meaningful process. The underlying values and shared perceptions can be deciphered in urban and regional planning applications through recognition of the significance of stories and narratives on the factors involved in planning processes. In a constructivist grounded theory method, the researcher’s approach is explicitly based on the assumption that any theoretical interpretation suggests an interpretive image of the universe under investigation rather than a detailed image thereof. Constructivist inquiry begins with experience and how members construct it. In other words, constructivists recognize their interpretation of the studied phenomenon as a construction, a step forward in participants’ understanding of meaning. The application of the theory was described and analyzed in this research in accordance with the process proposed by Charmaz. The data for analysis of the participants’ mental elements were provided through semi-structured in-depth interviews. After the pre-coding steps, including data collection and implementation, were taken, the data analysis stage and the three phases of coding, i.e. initial coding, focused coding, and, finally, theoretical coding, were delineated.Furthermore, the conceptualization processes in constructivist grounded theory were highlighted using memo-writing and theoretical saturation. The recognition of this approach among those adopted to the theory and its successive process, which is applicable to planning research with a descriptive-analytic method, has resulted from extensive theoretical studies and the practical experience of applying the process as a survey. It can be concluded that the constructivist grounded theory method can be applied to arrangement of urban and regional planning, detection of planners’ understanding of the outcomes of planning, the planning environment, and the social context. Given the spatial nature of planning theories, middle-range content planning associated with a particular situation is applicable in their practice. In the present study, the scholar’s philosophical position was realized through adoption of constructivism. The ontological and epistemological bases of the research—the relativist ontological position and the subjectivist epistemological position—are consistent with the research purposes, plan, and methodology. The constructivist grounded theory was focused here on the measures, interactions, and social processes of planners.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- constructivist grounded theory
- urban and regional planning research
- qualitative research
- methodology
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