جایگاه خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه های توسعه شهری اراک: واقعیت ها و ضرورت ها

مصطفوی, نجمه سادات; پرتوی, پروین; اسدالهی, زهرا

doi:10.22034/urbs.2023.62837

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ عضو گروه پژوهشی توسعه کالبدی شهر، جهاددانشگاهی، ایران؛ دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران.

² استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر تهران، ایران

³ استادیار، گروه شیلات و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22034/urbs.2023.62837

چکیده

مناطق شهری به عنوان سیستم‌های انسانی _ محیطی، برای پایداری و رفاه به اکوسیستم (بومنظام)‌های طبیعی متکی هستند. از این رو گنجاندن خدمات بومنظام در برنامهریزی برای ارتقای توسعه پایدار شهری ضروری است. اراک شهری صنعتی با تعدد بحرانهای محیطزیستی همچنان براساس سیستم برنامهریزی جامع در قالب طرحهای جامع و تفصیلی مدیریت میشود که نیازمند رویکردی مبتنی بر بومشناسی در زمینه توسعه شهری است. با وجود علاقه فزاینده به مفهوم خدمات بومنظام در تحقیقات، شکافهای دانش قابلتوجهی در مورد ادغام آن در برنامهریزی وجود دارد. این مقاله به دنبال پر کردن این شکاف از طریق بررسی کاربرد فعلی و بالقوه خدمات بومنظام در برنامههای توسعه شهری است. برای پاسخگویی به این هدف، از روش تحلیل محتوا با رویکرد جهتدار (روش قیاسی متکی بر نظریه) استفاده و میزان پرداختن به 19 خدمت بومنظام، در سه مؤلفه طرح (پایگاه اطلاعات، چشم انداز/اهداف و اقدامات) در طرح توسعه و عمران شهر اراک بررسی شد. نتایج حاکی از پذیرش مفهوم خدمات بومنظام در بخشهایی از سند توسعه مورد مطالعه بود. با این حال، سند گفته شده فاقد دیدگاه کلنگر در مورد بومشناسی شهری و مزایای آن است. در سه مؤلفه مورد بررسی، 607 بار به صورت ضمنی (312بار- 4/51درصد) و صریح (295بار- 6/48درصد) به این خدمات اشاره شده که بیشترین توجه در مؤلفه پایگاهداده (358بار- 59درصد) صورت گرفته است. اختلاف امتیاز خدمات فرهنگی (400) با خدمات تأمینی (274)، تنظیمی (198) و حمایتی (30) در این تحلیل میتواند بیانگر این مطلب باشد که خدمات فرهنگی از شمول بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر خدمات در طرح جامع کلانشهر اراک برخوردار است. عدم پیوستگی در پرداختن به هر یک از خدمات و یا مفاهیم بیان شده در سه مؤلفه نشان میدهد که ارتباط معناداری بین مطالعات در بخش شناخت و تحلیل، هدفگذاری و ترسیم چشمانداز و در آخر ارائه طرحهای پیشنهادی و نگارش ضوابط و مقررات وجود ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

محیط زیست شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecosystem services in Arak's urban development plans: facts and needs

نویسندگان [English]

najme sadat mostafavi ¹
parvin partovi ²
Zhara Asadolahi ³

¹ Member of Urban Physical Development Department, ACECR, Iran; Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Urban Studies, Iran Art University, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Urban Planning, Iran Art University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Environment and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Highlight:
- Urban development plans offer numerous opportunities to incorporate the concept of ecosystem services into the urban planning process, yet their integration remains inconsistent.
- Scientific methods to evaluate the uptake and operationalization of ecosystem services in urban planning include stakeholder interviews and content analysis of plans.
- Analyzing these plans provides a broader understanding of the potential, gaps, and limitations regarding ecosystem services.
- Cultural ecosystem services, followed by provisioning and some regulating services, receive the most attention in these plans.
- The survey and analysis phase, influenced by the scale of service studies, is the primary focus.
Introduction:
Urban areas, as human-environment systems, depend heavily on natural ecosystems for sustainability and well-being. Therefore, integrating ecosystem services into urban planning is essential for promoting sustainable urban development. Among the various decision-making processes impacting ecosystem services in cities, urban planning is arguably the most critical. Despite the increasing academic interest in ecosystem services, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding their integration into urban planning. Incorporating ecosystem services into the management of urban land is crucial for the rational allocation of land and effective ecological management in urban areas.
However, several obstacles hinder this integration, including the inadequacies in the content and process of urban development plans, the limitations of current planning tools, the lack of knowledge about ecosystem services, the absence of relevant institutions and executive organizations, and the deficiency in the application of ecosystem services knowledge in practice and policy. Moreover, the necessary legal and regulatory frameworks are often lacking. This paper aims to examine both the current and potential utilization of ecosystem services in urban development plans, specifically focusing on the city of Arak.
Methods:
Two dominant scientific approaches are employed to evaluate the uptake and operationalization of ecosystem services in urban planning: interviewing stakeholders and analyzing the content of plans and policies. Content analysis of urban development plan documents provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential, gaps, and limitations related to the inclusion of ecosystem services in urban planning practices. To achieve this goal, a content analysis method with a directional approach (deductive method based on theory) was utilized. The study examined the extent to which 19 ecosystem services were addressed within three components of the Arak development and construction plan: the information base, vision/objectives, and actions.
A scoring protocol was developed to assess the quality of ecosystem services inclusion in urban plans. This protocol used a 3-point scale, with scores ranging from zero (no inclusion), one (implicit inclusion), to two (explicit inclusion).
Results:
Among the regulating services, air purification and local ventilation services were mentioned 109 times, with the highest frequency (34 times) in the analysis section (database). The content analysis revealed that healthy water production was referenced 99 times, while food production was mentioned 82 times. Regarding supporting services, soil quality was noted nine times in total, with the highest mention (four times) in the analysis section. Among cultural services, recreational services and mental experiences were mentioned 94 times, with the highest frequency (26 times) in the city survey and knowledge section.
The results indicate that the ecosystem services concept is partially integrated into the mentioned development document. However, the document lacks a holistic view of urban ecology and its benefits. In the three examined components, ecosystem services were mentioned 607 times, both implicitly (312 times - 51.4%) and explicitly (295 times - 48.6%), with the most attention given to the information base component (358 times - 59%). The significant difference in the score for cultural services (400) compared to provisioning (274), regulating (198), and supporting (30) services suggests that cultural services are more comprehensively included in the Arak metropolis plan.
Discussion:
The inconsistency in addressing each service or concept across the three components highlights a lack of significant correlation between data collection, analysis, goal formulation, vision development, plan preparation, and the establishment of rules and regulations. Another critical issue is the misalignment between the process and content of these plans with new concepts, as well as the weakness of the comprehensive rational process in integrating these concepts. To incorporate new ideas like ecosystem services into urban development plans, not only is there a need to strengthen content and process, but also to improve planning tools. Empirical studies suggest that tools such as Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) can help bridge this gap.

Conclusion:
Incorporating the concept of ecosystem services into new laws, guidelines, or revisions of existing plans and programs is a complex process that cannot be accomplished in the short term. The presence of informed stakeholders, public decision-makers, and experts is essential. Additionally, it is crucial to form interdisciplinary teams within both consulting engineering firms that prepare urban development plans and public institutions responsible for drafting and approving these plans. Tools such as Strategic Impact Assessment (SIA) are recommended to evaluate proposed alternatives and select the final options.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Ecosystem services
integration
urban development plans
content analysis
Arak

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فصلنامه مطالعات شهری

جایگاه خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه های توسعه شهری اراک: واقعیت ها و ضرورت ها

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 13، شماره 50 - شماره پیاپی 50
اردیبهشت 1403
صفحه 47-60

جایگاه خدمات اکوسیستم در برنامه های توسعه شهری اراک: واقعیت ها و ضرورت ها

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 13، شماره 50 - شماره پیاپی 50اردیبهشت 1403صفحه 47-60

دوره 13، شماره 50 - شماره پیاپی 50
اردیبهشت 1403
صفحه 47-60