نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه خورزمی

2 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران

چکیده

تمرکزگرایی و فقدان رویکرد کارآمد آمایشی در ایران از دهه‌ 1330 ه.ش به بعد موجب قطبش فضایی توسعه در این پهنه‌ سرزمینی شده است. شهر تهران در این فرآیند به جهت جایگاه پایتختی و تنوع و تراکم کارکردیان قطبش بیشتری برخوردار گردیده است. این روند فاصله‌ روزافزون توسعه‌ مرکز-پیرامون و مهاجرت‌ از پیرامون به مراکز به‌ویژه منطقه و شهر تهران را در‌ی داشته است. این روند اغلب به‌واسطه‌ حومه و حاشیه‌نشینی فقر، موجب پراکنده‌گویی فضایی و شکل‌گیری سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی در این منطقه و این شهر شده است. این روند به‌گونه‌ای به وقوع پیوست که از سازمان‌دهی مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی ملی، منطقه‌ای و محلی پیشی گرفت و بر آن استیلا یافت. یکی از محدوده‌های مکانی شکل‌گیری این نوع سکونتگاه‌ها در منطقه‌ تهران، محدوده‌ شهری اسلامشهر-‌رباط کریم در حاشیه‌ جنوب غربی شهر تهران می‌باشد. منابع زیستی سرشار آب‌وخاک، قیمت پایین زمین و مسکن،سهولت خریدوفروش زمین، سهولت ساخت‌وسازهای مسکونی غیرمجاز، وجود جاده ساوه و فاصله کم و سهولت دسترسی به شهر تهران ازجمله‌ زمینه‌ها و عوامل محلی بودند که این روند در این محدوده را در قیاس با کل کشور و سایر مناطق تشدید و متمایز نموده است. هدف این تحقیق، آشکار‌سازی تغییرات فضایی کانون‌های شهری این محدوده از سال 1355 تا 1394 است. داده‌های موردنیاز این تحقیق به روش مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای‌، ‌ازجمله ‌تصاویر ‌ماهواره‌ای ‌لندست به‌دست‌آمده و با استفاده از‌ نرم‌افزارهای ENVI,ARCGIS,QGIS پردازش و تحلیل‌شده‌اند. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، کانون‌های شهری واقع در این محدوده است. ازاین‌رو این تحقیق ازنظر هدف؛ شناختی، ازنظر زمان؛ مقطعی، ازنظر داده؛ کیفی و ازنظر روش؛ توصیفی-تحلیلی است. طبق یافته‌های این تحقیق، بیشترین و کمترین میزان توسعه فیزیکی این کانون‌ها در طول این دوره، به ترتیب در اسلامشهر،‌ گلستان، نسیم شهر،رباط‌کریم،‌ صالحیه ‌و ‌نصیرشهر به وقوع پیوسته است. توسعه فیزیکی ‌شتابان این‌ کانون‌ها در این دوره، اراضی کشاورزی ‌را به‌شدت بلعیده و به شهرها الحاق و ادغام نموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial expansion process of settlements in the periphery of Tehran Metropolis (Case study: Urban area of Slamshahr-Robatkarim)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mousa Kamanroudi 1
  • taher parizadi 2
  • mohammad bigdeli 3

2 Assistant Professor of Urban Geography and planning Department,Faculty of Geographical Scince, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

3 tehran kharazmi universiti

چکیده [English]

Objectives: Centralization and lack of efficient spatial planning approach from the 1950s is causing polarization of spatial developments in Iran. Tehran as the capital of the country and due to its diverse and important functions has experienced more polarization in this process. This process widened the development gap between the core and periphery areas and caused migration to the core, particularly to the region and city of Tehran. The poverty and marginalization of the migrants in the periphery areas formed the unauthorized settlements in these regions. This process overcomes the local, regional and national planning and management efforts. The Slamshahr-Robatkarim region is one of the periphery settlement areas of Tehran located in the southwest of the city. In fact, this study was conducted in response to the fundamental question: how did the process of settlements’ spatial structure develop during the period 1976 to 2015 in Slamshahr-Robatkarim? The hypothesis of this study is that it seems that migration from outside and political fragmentation from inside created the periphery and fragmented spatial structure of the peripheral environment in the study area. The study employed a qualitative, descriptive and analytic approach using secondary data, particularly the Landsat satellite images. The ENVI, ARCGIS and QGIS software were used for analyzing the data. The sampling population was the urban settlements in this region.
Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the Slamshahr, Golestan, Nasimshahr, Robatkarim, Salehabad and Nasirshahr have experienced the highest to lowest physical development between 1976 and 2015, repectively.  Consequently, the agricultural areas were diminished rapidly in this period due to the expansion of population centers to the farmlands. Urban settlements studied in this research (Slamshahr, Golestan, Nasimshahr, Robatkarim, Salehabad, Nasirabad) have exhausted spatial-physical rapid growth trend and population from 1976 to 2015. This process caused swallowing and digestion of agricultural land and the formation and development of cities. Thus, the number of villages located in the study area (Slamshahr-Robatkarim) fell from 125 units in 1996 to 72 units in 2006 and 2011. In addition, the study area of ​​one town in 1976 grew to ten cities in 2011. In other words, about 53 villages became part of the integration process or developed into new urban areas from 1996 to 2011. This area was therefore faced with agricultural land changes turning them into to sprawl settlement between 1976 and 2015.
Results: This process involved numerous internal and external causes such as  favorable water and soil resources, communications road of Tehran-Saveh, proximity to Tehran, creation of jobs and manufacturing industries, plentiful and cheap labor, and regional and local divisions and weakness. However, immigration is the most important external factor in this process in this area. The process of centralization and polarization influenced the development of Tehran and its adjacent areas. In addition to migration as external factors, political fragmentation was the most important factor in spatial-physical process of change within the study area. This segregation or lack of structural integrity and functionality between Tehran state administration, Karaj Province, Ry province, Tehran provinces and the city of Tehran has been more severe in the decades 1961 to 1991. Land value of Slamshahr and Robatkarim was low during this period. Power and local political administration was poor in this area leading to provision of informal relations in the course of land-use in this area. However, after this period, the price of land and housing increased in Slamshahr and Robatkarim. During this period, immigrants moved to controlled remote locations from the city. Secondary settlements established immigrants (Nasimshahr, Golestan, Salehabad and Nasirabad) at this stage. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spatial development
  • Tehran Metropolis
  • Slamshahr
  • Robatkarim
- Asadi Iraj (2004), Metropolitan Management, strategy 'regionalism in metropolitan areas Governance, Journal of Urban Management, No17, page 32-35. [in Persian]
- Ahad neghad roshti, Mohsen & et al (2011), Assess and predict the spatial expansion of cities Using multi-temporal satellite images and geographical information system (case study: Ardabil city 1984-2011), Journal of Environmental Logistics,15-24. [in Persian]
- Akbari Elaheh, Shekari badi ali (2014), Processing and extracting information from satellite data Using ENVI software, Satellite Press. [in Persian]
- Amiran s (2005), The development of urban space in central Zagros Over the years 1956-1996, case: yasooj city, Master thesis Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modarres University in Tehran. [in Persian]
- Azizpour m(1996), Natural environmental capacities and Urban spatial development, case: Tabriz sity, Tarbiat Modarres University in Tehran. [in Persian]
-Aspinall, J.Richard & Hill,J.Michael, (2008), Land use change: Science, policy and management , CRC Press:Taylor and Francis Group , 185.
- bigdeli mohammad(2015), Investigation of the spatial- physical stracturation prosess outskirts settlements of theTehran metropolis,(Case Study: Urban areas of the eslamshar- robatkarim), Master thesis Geography and Urban Planning, kharazmi University, tehran. [in Persian]
-Bhatta , Basudeb, (2010), Analysis of urban growth and sprawl from remote sensing data , springer , Berlin Heidelberg , 172.
- Babayi Aghdam, fereydoon & et al(2012), Modeling land use changes  and arid Than Made levels, In urban areas Ardabil Using the model CLUE-S, Journal of Geography and Development, 26-34. [in Persian]
- consultant engineers aban(2011), Nasimshahr master plan, Nasimshaht Municipality. [in Persian]
- consultant engineers aban(2011), Strategic Plan Eslamshahr-robatkarim area, Nasimshaht Municipality. [in Persian]
- Dewan, M.Ashraf & Yamaguchi, Yasushi, (2009), Land use and land cover change in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh: using remote sensing to promote sustainable urbanization, applied geography, NO 29.
- Fatemi nasrabadi S(2006), ENVI software training(Satellite image processing software), National mapping agency, Research Center surveys, Tehran. [in Persian]
-Hester, D.B. (2008), Land Cover mapping and change detection in urban watersheds using Quickbird high spatial resolution satellite imagery», Ph. D. dissertation, North Carolina State University. North Carolina.
-H. Emre Bagce (2002) THE Role of Political Institutionc in Tacking Political Fragmentation and Polarization: Presidentialism VERSUS, C. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi.
-Hung, C.C., Coleman, T.L. and Long, O. (2004), «Supervised and unsupervised neural models for multispectral image classification. »ISPRS Congress, Istanbul.
- Kamanroodi kajoori mosa & et al(2014), City sprawl and Changes in economic, social and spatial villages around, case: Gooyam Village, Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, third year, No3. [in Persian]
- Khoshgoftar M & et al(2010), Spatiotemporal modeling urban growth: The method is based on combining Cellular Automata and Markov chain, Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS Association of Iran, second year, no17, 6-34. [in Persian]
- Kalantari m(2006), Planning Sustainable Urban Development With an emphasis on spatial development, case: Master thesis urbanity field, Tarbiat Modarres University in Tehran. [in Persian]
-Koomen, Eric; Stillwell, John; Bakema,Aldrik ; Scholten,J.Henk, (2007), Modelling land-use change: Progress and applications , Springer , 392.
-Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizio, E. and Moran, e. (2004), «Change detection techniques». Int.J. Remote Sens., Vol.25, No 12, PP.2365-2401.
- Mohammadi ali  Abbas & et al(2010), Anticipated landuse changes And ground cover Using satellite images and Markov chain model, Planning Journal and Logistics Space, 14 period, 117-130. [in Persian]
- Masoomi s(1991), Principles of Regional Planning, Plan and Budget Organization of Gilan. [in Persian]
-Myron Orfield and Baris Gumus-Dawes (2009) MPO Rreform: A Nationlal Agenda For Reforming Metropolitan Governance, Institute on Race and Poverty at the University of Minnesota.   
- Mashhadizadeh n(1994), An analysis of the characteristics of urban planning in Iran, University of elm o sanat press, Tehran. [in Persian]
- masoomi s(1991), Principles of Regional Planning, Plan and Budget Organization of Gilan. [in Persian]
-Myron Orfield and Baris Gumus-Dawes (2009) MPO Rreform: A Nationlal Agenda For Reforming Metropolitan Governance, Institute on Race and Poverty at the University of Minnesota.                                                                            
- Pirnazar, Mojtaba(2015), ENVI software application guide And satellite image processing ENVI 5.1,Nghoos press, tehran. [in Persian]
-Pillsung Byun & Adrian X. Esparza (2005) A Revisionist Model of Suburbanization and Sprawl (The Role of Political Fragmentation, Growth Control, and Spillovers, Journal of Planning Education and Research.
- Rasooli a, Mahmoodzadeh h(2010), Basics of Remote Sensing, elmiran press, tabriz.
- Rasooli A(2008), Basics of Remote Sensing Applications: With emphasis on satellite image processing, Tabriz University Press, Tabriz. [in Persian]
-Robert W. Burchell, Anthony Downs, Barbara Mc Cann, Sahan Mukherji, Washington (2005) Sprawl Costs Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development, Island Press. Washington.  Covelo.  London.
- Statistical Center of Iran(1966), A general census of poulation and housing. [in Persian]
- Statistical Center of Iran(1976), A general census of poulation and housing. [in Persian]
- Statistical Center of Iran(1986), A general census of poulation and housing. [in Persian]
- Statistical Center of Iran(1996), A general census of poulation and housing. [in Persian]
- Statistical Center of Iran(2006), A general census of poulation and housing. [in Persian]
- Statistical Center of Iran(2011), A general census of poulation and housing. [in Persian]
- Salehi, Kodayi(2011), Marginalization and informal settlements: Challenges and Implications, Ghoghnoos press, Tehran. [in Persian]
- Sheykhi M(2001), Explain the process of formation and spontaneous settlements transformation in around of tehran metropolis, case: Soltanabad, Akbarabad, golestan, University of Tehran. [in Persian]
-Walker, Robert, (2004), Theorizing land-cover and land-use change: the case of tropical deforestation , International regional science review , NO 27
- Yazdani chaharborj rasool(2012), Analysis of urban growth and land use change In medium-sized cities, case:Miandoab city, Master thesis Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz University, tabriz. [in Persian]
-Yogesh Uppalyz Thushyanthan Baskaran (2014) Political Fragmentation, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Indian States, yuppal.people.ysu.edu/paper_polfrag.