نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری شهرسازی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یاسوج
2 دکتری معماری، عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده فنی و مهندسی دانشگاه یاسوج
3 پژوهشگر دکتری معماری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدیاسوج
چکیده
کیفیت کارکردی فضاهای تجمعی در طراحی محیطی و شهری دارای جایگاه ویژهای میباشد و در راستای ارتقای عملکرد مطلوب این دست از فضاهای شهری، لحاظ نمودن مؤلفههای امنیتی، اهمیتی خاص دارد. این مؤلفهها شامل شاخصهای عینی و ذهنی میشوند که عدم تعبیه آنها در فضاهایی با تعداد کاربران نامحدود، عملکرد کلی فضا را نیز تحتالشعاع قرار میدهد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی برخی از مؤلفههای عینی یا به عبارتی کالبدی در یکی از این فضاهای جمعی یعنی پارکهاست. به منظور تدقیق یافتههای حاصل و بررسی ترجیحات کاربران، به ارزیابی مؤلفههای ذهنی (ادراک کاربران از فضا) نیز پرداخته خواهد شد. در تحقیق حاضر کیفیت عینی فضا با توجه به ویژگیهای نظریه نحوفضا که به بررسی شاخصهای کالبدی فضا میپردازد، به وسیله شاخصهای نحوی ارزیابی میشود. ابزار دیگر پژوهش، روش تحقیق میدانی (برداشتهای میدانی و محیطی) و پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهدات عینی پژوهشگران خواهد بود. بنابراین ویژگیهای ذهنی و ادراکی کاربران از منظر "امنیت" بدین وسیله مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد. این پژوهش با طرح مسئله و معرفی روش چیدمان فضا در تحلیل محیط مورد نظر خود، سعی بر آن دارد که موضوع جرمخیزی (امنیت و یا عدم امنیت) یک محیط را فارغ از مسائل تأثیرگذار بر ادراک استفادهکنندگان مورد تحلیل قرار دهد (البته در گام نخست). با این حال پس از بررسی موضوع با این روش، برای اعتبارسنجی یافتههای به دست آمده، از راهبرد پیمایشی نیز به منظور تطبیق یافتهها با نقطه نظرات استفادهکنندگان از فضا نیز بهره برده است (در گام دوم). بر این اساس و به منظور دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، پس از معرفی ابزارهای مورد نظر تحقیق، ابتدا کل محوطه پارک به وسیله مؤلفههای نحوی مورد سنجش قرار خواهد گرفت و در کنار آن از فرایند پرسشنامه باز، مشاهدات میدانی و نقشههای شناختی نیز استفاده خواهد شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که جامعه آماری مورد نظر تحقیق، به دلایل ذهنی مختلف از حضور در برخی از نقاط پارک پرهیز میکنند. در برخی مواقع کیفیت محیط و در مواردی دیگر ویژگیهای ذهنی محیط بر ایجاد حس ناامنی فضا دامن میزند و به نظر میرسد که نهایتاً فاکتورهای ذهنی بر شاخصهای محیطی در انتخاب فضا در اولویت قرار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Analysis of Urban Park Space in Terms of Criminology through “Space Syntax” Technique (Case Study: Laleh Park in Tehran)
نویسندگان [English]
- y p 1
- A H 2
چکیده [English]
Functional quality of cumulative spaces is special to environmental and urban design. In line with improvement of functional quality of these urban places, it is important to take security elements into account. These elements include both objective and subjective indicators. The absence of these components in such spaces with unlimited users affects their overall performance. The aim of this study is to examine some visual or skeletal components in one of these communal spaces, i.e. parks. To validate research findings and user preferences, subjective factors (users’ perception of space) will also be evaluated. In this research, the objective quality of space will be assessed through space syntax indices following the characteristics of the space syntax theory which investigates the physical parameters of space. Other research tools include field research (environmental and field data), questionnaires, interviews and researchers’ observations. The subjective and perceptual characteristics of users in terms of “security” are hereby placed under investigation. After stating the problem and introducing Space Syntax theory in the environment analysis, this paper tries to analyze the issue of crime hotspots (security or lack of security) in the environment regardless of the effective factors on the users’ perceptions (first step).
After analyzing the issue by this method, the survey strategy was used to validate the obtained results and to adapt them to the views of space users (second step). To achieve the objectives of the research, after the introduction of research tools, the total area of the park was determined by syntax factors and then open questionnaires, field observations and cognitive maps were used. The results showed that the population of the research avoided some parts of the park due to different subjective reasons. In some cases, environmental quality and, in some other cases, subjective characteristics of the environment were effective on creating a sense of insecurity with the space. Ultimately, it seems that subjective factors have priority over environmental indicators in selecting a space. Other important results of the research are as follows:
- The central area of the park seems to be desirable. This is because of its shallow depth and lack of permeability as well as the low level of monitoring due to the structural and skeletal features of the environment.
- A favorable environment in urban parks in terms of security is a place which has relatively large terraces with few wide passageways without any deadlock.
- Safe spaces in parks have proper lighting. Accordingly, there should be no tall and broadleaf trees in the main communication areas, especially on the passageways, so that they would not block lighting in the night.
- When these spaces have innovative design features and create the subjective sense of belonging to the place in people, even in the absence of some objective characteristics of a safe environment, they will lead to increased usability of the environment, socialization of the space and thereby maintaining a desired level of security in the environment.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- parks
- environmental characteristics
- so space
- Security
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