نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران.(مسئول مکاتبات)
2 کارشناس ارشد شهرسازی-برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس هنرهای زیبا
چکیده
مجتمع‌های تجاری از جمله پدیده‌های نوین در توسعه شهری دهه های اخیر هستند که در سطح شهر تهران نیز مورد توجه جدی قرار گرفته اند. چنین پدیده هایی در شهر، دارای اثرات قابل توجه بوده و برای شناسایی اثرات و برنامه‌ریزی برای آنان ضروری است ماهیت پدیده و انواع گونه های آن مورد تحلیل قرار گیرند. پژوهش حاضر درصدد پاسخ به این سوال است که معیارهای دسته‌بندی مجتمع‌های تجاری در ادبیات جهانی چیست و معیارهای مطرح شده در خصوص گونه‌بندی مجتمع های تجاری تا چه اندازه منطبق بر مجتمع‌های تجاری در شهر تهران بوده است. بدین منظور مجتمع تجاری کوروش واقع در منطقه 5 شهرداری تهران به عنوان نمونه موردی این پژوهش انتخاب گردیده‌است. این مجتمع تجاری دارای ویژگی هایی نظیر کالای تخصصی، فضای تفریحی و ... است که مجموعه ویژگی‌های مجتمع‌های تجاری را همزمان دارد. در قالب فرایند و روش تحقیق این پژوهش، ابتدا معیارهای ریخت‌شناسی براساس ادبیات موضوع تدوین و تبیین شدند. باتوجه به معیارهای مطرح شده در مبانی نظری و ادبیات موضوع، از طریق پرسشنامه و برداشت محلی اقدام به جمع‌آوری و تحلیل اطلاعات گردید. تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که ریخت‌شناسی مجتمع تجاری کوروش، شامل ویژگی‌های چندگونه از مجتمع های تجاری است. وجود کالای تخصصی، حوزه زمانی موثر 40 دقیقه ، اولویت استفاده از فضای تفریحی به جای خرید و ساختار ترکیب صنوف، متفاوت از نمونه‌های جهانی است. بر این اساس، آنچه امکان ساخت مجتمع‌های تجاری با شرایط متفاوت از نمونه‌های جهانی را ممکن می‌سازد، ضوابط ساخت و ساز پیش‌بینی شده در طرح تفصیلی تهران و فقدان قوانین و ضوابط مختص مجتمع‌های تجاری است. با ارائه چند شاخص محدود، نظیر تراکم ساختمانی و ارتفاع ساختمان، نمی توان نسبت به احداث مجتمع های تجاری اقدام کرد. متغیرهایی نظیر حوزه کشش، تاثیرات و معیارهای فضایی موثر بر پیرامون مجتمع تجاری می‌توانند در ریخت‌شناسی مجتمع‌های تجاری اثرگذار باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
An Analysis of Shopping Centers' Morphology: A Case Study in Tehran (Korush Shopping Center)
نویسندگان [English]
- mohammad mehdi Azizi 1
- Reza Asadi 2
چکیده [English]
Large shopping malls have been a popular phenomenon in recent urban development plans and projects in many developed and developing countries. In Tehran, the capital of Iran, these projects have been largely noted and developed in recent years. This phenomenon can have major effects in various aspects that need to be recognized, analyzed and evaluated. One of the aspects of these projects is their morphology in terms of their scale, position and role in urban development (community or regional shopping malls). This paper aims to find the criteria and indicators for classifying these shopping malls. The main questions of the research for Tehran shopping malls are: “Which variables are appropriate to classify shopping malls in Tehran?” “How suitable are these variables to be used in shopping malls of the city?” “If shopping malls in Tehran cannot be classified in any global categories, what are the reasons? One of the well-known shopping malls constructed recently in Tehran is “Korush Shopping Mall”, located in the western part of the city, District 5, which was selected as the case study of this research. The related literature and experiences were reviewed to analyze physical, economic, management, and ownership aspects as well as the limitations of the project. Various criteria, variables and indicators were used for evaluation of data collected using questionnaire and field research. Among these are travel time and distance, shopping mall site and land area, types of commodities, employment opportunities for local residents, shops’ ownership, aims of shopping for consumers, and the extent of entertainment facilities. Classification of the case study was done according to indexes and variables. Two data sources were used to analyze the variables: first, data collected from the site and features of the shopping mall; second, data collected from 380 surveys filled out by consumers. The results showed that Korush Shopping Mall could not be classified into any specific type of shopping mall in the literature review and the global categories. It has various features from each type so it could not belong to any type of shopping malls, especially community or regional shopping malls. Specialized goods, the number of retail shops, tenants, and limited site area are the main factors in categorizing shopping malls, but Korush Shopping Mall lacks these features. One of the major results of the research was that most people visiting this shopping center aim for entertainment rather that shopping. The main reason for this is that most items in the shops are products of famous brands and their prices are much higher than what low and middle class people can afford. Furthermore, based on the results, the law and guidelines related to the construction of retail markets in the Master and Detailed Plan of Tehran are among the main reasons. There are not any special rules for shopping malls, an issue which allows for lots of mixed variable in any shopping center in Tehran. Although the area of regional shopping malls should be at least 4ha, the regulations in the Master Plan of Tehran clearly mention that 1 ha site area is suitable for retail centers on the city scale. As a final note, it can be claimed that shopping centers, such as Korush Shopping Mall in Tehran must be planned and constructed based on their roles, sizes and locations. It is thus recommended to conduct feasibility studies for their aims and effects in advance.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Shopping Malls
- Morphology
- Tehran
- Korush Shopping Mall
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