نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، فارابی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، فارابی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
امروزه بخشبندی بازار گردشکری یکی از پیش شرطهای موفقیت مقاصد گردشگری است. در این راستا، بخشبندی گردشگران براساس متغیرهای روان شناختی از مهمترین و پرکاربردترین شیوههای بخشبندی بازار گردشگری است. از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر بخشبندی بازار گردشگری شهر تهران با استفاده از شناسایی انگیزههای سفر و ویژگیهای سبک زندگی گردشگران خارجی بازدید کننده از بازار بزرگ این شهر است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی بوده و از نظر روش جمعآوری دادهها نیز توصیفی_پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل گردشگران خارجی است که در ماههای اسفند 1396 تا اردیبهشت 1397 به بازار بزرگ و قدیمی شهر تهران سفر کردهاند. از این جامعه، نمونهای به حجم 394 نفر به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی در دسترس انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوری دادهها در این پژوهش، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته شامل 67 سئوال بوده است. سنجش روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه به ترتیب از روایی محتوا و آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده است. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تحلیل خوشهای و آزمون کای اسکوئر در محیط نرمافزار SPSS انجام شده است. یافتههای پژوهش حاضر نشان داد، گردشگران خارجی بازدید کننده از بازار بزرگ شهر تهران را میتوان در چهار گروه بخشبندی کرد که شامل گردشگران ایدهآل پسند، گردشگران اصولگرای رفتاری، گردشگران میانهرو و گردشگران خاص گراست. همچنین نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد، بین متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی و خوشههای چهارگانه ارتباط مثبت و معنیداری برقرار است.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Typology of Foreign Tourists in Tehran’s Grand Bazaar Using Two-step Cluster Analysis: an Approach to Urban Planning
نویسندگان [English]
- mohammad ghaffari 1
- mohammad nematpour 2
1 Assistant Professor of Department of business management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD candidate, Department of business management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Market segmentation is a prerequisite of tourism planning success. Tourist segmentation based on psychological variables is in turn one of the most important, most operational methods in tourism market segmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical applied study was to segment the tourism market of Tehran, Iran through identification of the travel incentives and lifestyle characteristics of inbound tourists visiting the ancient Grand Bazaar of the city. The research population consisted of inbound tourists who visited Tehran Grand Bazaar from March 2017 to May 2018. A sample of 394 tourists was selected from the population through convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire composed of 67 questions. To assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, content validity and Cronbach’s alpha were used. Data analysis was made in SPSS using factor analysis, cluster analysis, and K-square. To specify the number of samples required for factor analysis, the model presented by Everrit was used. In this study, fifteen incentive and lifestyle factors were identified, and four segments of inbound visitors were demonstrated. Based on the results of the analysis, the four clusters appeared to be appropriate, significant, and interpretational. To interpret and name the clusters, mean values were used. In accordance with the employed five-point Likert scale, mean values above or below 3.00 indicated the significance and insignificance of tourist incentive and lifestyle. The results demonstrated that the 394 respondents could be classified into four clusters: ideal seekers, behavioral fundamentalists, moderators, and special seekers. The cluster analysis indicated that the mean values for the factors relationship orientation, accessibility, special-seeking, self-valuation, conservativeness, cultural heritage, and occupational attachment were higher than 3.00 in all the clusters. This demonstrated that visitors in all the four segments were highly interested in interaction with other people, exploration of the local culture and the way of life therein, and visit to sights that their friends had never seen when traveling abroad. Specifically, ideal seekers would like to visit cultural and historic sites, to socialize with people, to do interesting activities, or to go the movies, the theater, an amusement park, a common party, or a festival or to a restaurant to have local cuisines. Behavioral fundamentalists included sociable, optimistic people interested in healthy, safe routines when traveling. Moderators exhibited moderate tendency to everything, but were unmotivated, careless buyers in their selection of products and services and their shopping behavior. Special seekers, who made up the second largest cluster in this study, were highly motivated and interested in exploration of different culture-nations, exposing themselves to different situations and interacting with other people. The results also indicated a significant positive relationship between demographic variables and clusters.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Tourism marketing
- Market segmentation
- Travel incentive
- Tourist lifestyle
- Cluster analysis