نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سعیده دیوسالار ¹
• سید مسلم سیدالحسینی ²
• تکتم حنایی ³
• هادی سروری ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.

² استاد تمام، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.

³ دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه با توسعه فضاهای شهری، اهمیت و نقش هنر عمومی در شهر به طور قابل‌توجهی در حال تغییر است و فعالیت‌های هنری و فرهنگی نه‌تنها باعث پیشرفت‌های زیبایی‌شناسی می‌شوند بلکه در مناطق فرسوده، شکل مکان‌سازی خلاقانه را به خود می‌گیرند و این فضاها در حال تبدیل‌شدن به یک مکان کلیدی برای پاسخگویی به نگرانی‌های اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی پیرامون توسعه آینده شهر پایدار هستند. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل روش‌شناسی مطالعات انجام شده در حوزه هنر عمومی، مکان‌سازی خلاق و فضای شهری شاد و بررسی تنوع روش‌های تحلیل و آگاهی از نقاط ضعف روش‌شناسی موجود در نظام پژوهشی است. روش این پژوهش ترکیبی و از نوع کاربردی بوده و از فراروش مقاله‌های علمی‌پژوهشی موجود در"Google Scholar" به دلیل اعتبار بالا، دسترسی آسان به منابع علمی و تأثیرگذاری بین‌المللی، در بازه زمانی ۲۰۱۳- ۲۰۲۳ استفاده شده و با جست وجوی کلیدواژه‌های اصلی،۲۶ مقاله بعد از مراحل غربالگری انتخاب و بر اساس طبقه‌بندی لایه‌های پیاز پژوهش ساندرز به‌صورت جداگانه توسط نرم‌افزار Maxqda کدگذاری و یافته‌های این پژوهش مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. جریان اصلی روش‌شناختی فلسفه این پژوهش‌ها به مورد تفسیرگرایانه، جهت‌گیری این مطالعات از نوع کاربردی، ماهیت پژوهش توصیفی - تحلیلی روش تحقیق کیفی و راهبردها به نمونه موردی تعلق می‌گیرد که ارتباط قوی با اسناد آرشیوی دارد و بر رویکرد استقرایی استوارند. از سویی دیگر بیشترین فراوانی روش گردآوری اطلاعات، مصاحبه، روش تحلیل داده‌ها، تحلیل محتوا و ابزار تحلیل کمی Google Maps و کیفی نرم‌افزار Zoom است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که روش‌های تحقیق متفاوتی برای ارزیابی ادراک جامعه، تجربه و تعامل با هنر عمومی و تأثیر آن بر مکان‌سازی خلاق و فضای شهری شاد وجود دارد که گاهی تخصصی و علمی نیست و مستلزم یک بازنگری و طبقه‌بندی سیستماتیک است که می‌تواند پنجره‌ای تازه بر روی تحقیقات آینده بگشاید و نتایج آن بینش‌هایی را ارائه می‌دهد که ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فراروش
• هنر عمومی
• مکان‌سازی خلاق
• فضای شهری شاد

موضوعات

• طراحی شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

A meta-method for studying public art and its connection to creative placemaking and happy urban space

نویسندگان [English]

• saeideh divsalar ¹
• Seyed Moslem Seyedalhosseini ²
• toktam hanaee ³
• hadi sarvari ³

¹ Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

² Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

³ Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Highlights:

Public art is a key factor in improving the quality of life and enhancing the attractiveness of urban spaces.
Public art and creative placemaking contribute to increasing happiness and improving the quality of happy urban spaces.
Analyzing research methods in public art and creative placemaking identifies effective solutions for enhancing happy urban spaces.

Extended Abstract
1-Introduction
In today's world, metropolises face numerous environmental, social, and aesthetic challenges that directly affect the quality of life and happiness of their inhabitants. Consequently, creating favorable living conditions and improving the quality of urban spaces have become central concerns in the development of sustainable cities. Public art emerges as an effective tool for enhancing urban spaces and enriching the living experience of city dwellers. Through the creation of creative and aesthetically pleasing environments, public art can strengthen social interactions and increase overall citizen satisfaction. Despite this, existing studies exploring the impact of public art on creative placemaking and the development of happy urban spaces, especially from a methodological perspective, encounter significant challenges. This research focuses on analyzing the methodologies employed in studies on public art, creative placemaking, and happy urban spaces, identifying weaknesses in research methods, and providing recommendations for improvement. Special attention is paid to examining data collection and statistical analysis methods. The findings of this research are expected to improve the quality of studies in this field and serve as a foundation for future inquiries.

2- Theoretical Framework
2.1 Public Art:
Public art, as an essential tool in contemporary urban design, is used in public spaces to enhance social interactions and improve urban identity. From sculptures and murals to graffiti, public art actively shapes the visual and social experiences of citizens, influencing cultural identity, social relationships, and the overall quality of urban environments.
2.2 Creative Placemaking:
Creative placemaking refers to the innovative process of using art and culture to enhance the economic, social, and physical characteristics of a place. This approach promotes collaboration among various community sectors, aiming for economic revitalization and the strengthening of local identity through artistic and cultural initiatives. As a developmental strategy, creative placemaking necessitates the active participation of artists and cultural organizations to improve aesthetics and social cohesion.
2.3 Happy Urban Space:
A happy urban space is designed to promote the happiness and well-being of its citizens. By addressing emotional and social needs, such spaces foster a sense of belonging, increase life satisfaction, and provide positive experiences. The design of happy urban spaces should aim to enhance the quality of life and public welfare for all.
3- Methodology
This research employs a mixed-method approach with an applied nature. Utilizing a "Meta-Method" study framework, the research examines and analyzes existing literature in the fields of public art, creative placemaking, and happy urban spaces. For primary data collection, scholarly articles published on Google Scholar were reviewed using selected keywords. The study's statistical population consisted of articles published between 2013 and 2023. Initially, 331 relevant articles were identified, from which 26 were selected based on the research objectives and the quality of their content. Content analysis and open coding methods were employed with the help of Maxqda software to analyze the collected data. The aim of this study is to provide a structured and in-depth analysis of the relationships between public art, creative placemaking, and happy urban spaces, contributing to a deeper understanding of their role in enhancing urban quality of life and social interactions.
4-Results and Discussion
The findings of this research were analyzed using Saunders' "Research Onion" model, which organizes research processes into seven layers. The results indicate that most of the reviewed studies have employed an interpretative approach, utilizing various qualitative analyses to explore public art, creative placemaking, and happy urban spaces. Additionally, critical and positivist approaches were observed, albeit to a lesser extent. Many of the studies adopted inductive methods to investigate relationships and causal factors. The research is primarily descriptive-analytical, providing detailed descriptions and analyses of the issues. A significant portion of the studies focused on the role of public art in cultural and social regeneration, as well as the promotion of urban identity. While quantitative research in this area remains limited, the use of mixed methods can lead to more comprehensive analyses and facilitate the development of more effective urban spaces, enhancing the role of public art in improving the quality of life.
5-Conclusion
The present study's review of research in the fields of public art, creative placemaking, and happy urban spaces reveals a valuable interconnection between these concepts. While researchers have examined these topics independently, their intersections and combined effects have received less attention. Studies on happy urban spaces, in particular, are scarce. This research, through the use of Saunders' framework and a systematic review of articles published between 2013 and 2023, shows that approximately 80% of the research utilized qualitative methods, 12% employed quantitative methods, and 8% used mixed methods. The most common focus was on "the relationship between spatial patterns of public art and creative placemaking in community development," while the least explored area was "increasing happiness in urban spaces through public art." Furthermore, studies in this century have placed limited emphasis on the impact of public art on creative placemaking and happy urban spaces, with comparative and critical studies also being sparse. The lack of qualitative analytical tools is evident in these studies. Based on these findings and the identified limitations, it is recommended that future research prioritize broader comparative and critical studies, incorporating diverse research methods, both qualitative and quantitative. Focusing on the influence of public art in creative placemaking and promoting happy urban spaces, especially in developing countries, can significantly enhance urban environments and improve citizens' quality of life. The development of qualitative analytical tools, such as interpretive and inductive methods, will be essential in disentangling and understanding the relationships between public art, creative placemaking, and happy urban spaces, encouraging further research in this field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Meta-Method
• Public Art
• Creative Placemaking
• Happy Urban Space