نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
عضو هیات علمی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه فرهنگیان تهران
چکیده
کنش مبتنی بر تعامل و تفاهم چندجانبه، الگویی است ریشه در نظریه کنشی یورگن هابرماس که اصول آن در مشارکت، مباحثه و تفاهم، تمرکز و انحصار خارج از قدرت تبیین می‌شود. مدیریت شهری نوین با این رویکرد توانسته است توسعه شهری را با نگاه جمعی و کارشناسی کثرت‌گرا به پایداری سوق دهد. این پژوهش باهدف تبیین رویکرد کنش ارتباطی هابرماس در مدیریت میانی در پیشبرد پروژه‌های توسعه شهری انجام‌گرفته است. روش تحقیق از نوع کیفی مبتنی بر رویکرد داده‌بنیاد است که به شیوه پدیدارشناسی (تفسیری استقرایی) شکل یافته است. واحد جغرافیایی و جامعه موردمطالعه، شهر زنجان و مدیریت‌های اثرگذار بر توسعه شهری می‌باشند. گردآوری داده‌ها حاصل مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختارمند و مشاهده‌های موردی است که در آن مدیران میانی سازمان‌های با اثرگذاری بیشتر در مدیریت شهری با حجم نمونه‌ای بالغ بر 45 نفر بوده‌اند. تحلیل داده بر اساس مدل داده‌بنیاد در فرایند کدگذاری باز انجام و با کدگذاری محوری و انتخابی مفاهیم و مقوله‌های کلیدی استخراج گردید. تبیین تفسیری مقوله‌ها و مفاهیم مستخرج در مدل پارادایمی مبتنی بر شرایط علّی، زمینه‌ای، میانجی، راهبردی انجام‌گرفته و شرایط پیامدی تبیین گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد مقوله‌های قدرت، ترس، مقاومت، اجبار، فردگرایی و انحصارگرایی، اطاعت و دستورپذیری، وابستگی و منافع سازمانی به‌عنوان عوامل غیر کنشی و تعامل، پذیرش و مقبولیت، نقدپذیری، تفاهم، مشارکت نهادی و ارتباط داده‌ای به‌عنوان عوامل کنشی فعال شناخته می‌شوند. پیامدی‌های حاصل از شرایط علّی، زمینه‌ای میانجی و راهبردی نشان می‌دهد یک‌جانبه‌نگری، فردگرایی، تفکر سیاسی و جناحی، تغییرات مداوم، رویه‌های اداری، کاهش سرمایه اجتماعی ناشی از انحصارطلبی، ناتوانی مدیریت شهری در پیشبرد کیفی و به هنگام پروژه‌های شهری و نارضایتی شهروندان پیامد مانع برای ایجاد کنش ارتباطی است. شرایط پیامدی تقویت حس تعلق، کنش مفاهمه‌ای، همیاری و همکاری نهادی، تخصص مبتنی بر مشورت، کثرت‌گرایی و هم‌افزایی نهادی را مؤثرترین شرایط پیامدی در پیشبرد کیفی مدیریت پروژه‌های شهری تبیین کرده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Communication action in the management of urban projects (case: Zanjan urban management)
نویسنده [English]
- Alireza daviran
Member of the Faculty of Geography and Urban Planning Department of Farhangian University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, urban management is facing a multitude of physical, economic, social, and environmental challenges that no matter how many planning policies are formulated to improve them, they face difficulties in implementing them due to inter-departmental (inter-organizational) functional challenges. One of the effective methods of urban management is to achieve the integration of thinking in the implementation and management of projects. The integration of thinking is the result of continuous communication and interaction of urban managers and experts in a transparent and practical network, the output of which is action planning. One of the approaches to achieving integration is communicative action, which is rooted in the thoughts of Jürgen Habermars. Communication action is a kind of social action aimed at achieving understanding. In this action, another type of rationality called relational rationality is proposed for governance, which combines knowledge and value and defines spatial planning as a social phenomenon. In this concept, communication is the source of discovering the truth and human wisdom is the product of interactions between people and not the result of political governance or the result of individual reflections. Communication is the source of truth discovery and human wisdom is the product of communication between people. This research, with the necessity that the main challenge of urban management today is in the formulation and writing of plans, but also in the weakness of the interdepartmental communication of different urban managements, has investigated the effect of the application of planning derived from communication action on the preparation and implementation of urban management plans in the case study of Zanjan city. Therefore, the main question of the research is that what is the main challenge of urban management in the internal and inter-organizational sectors in the preparation and implementation of urban projects? How is the action of urban management understood with each other and how can the effect of communication action be in the preparation and implementation of urban projects in different administrations?
Methodology
The current research is a phenomenological type of qualitative research based on an inductive interpretation method that uses the foundation context approach. According to the mobile and cyclical process of the contextual model, the main method of sampling in grounded theory is theoretical sampling, which has been considered throughout the process of data collection and conducting semi-structured interviews. In this method of sampling, the number of research subjects is not predetermined and sampling continues until a new concept is obtained through interviews and theoretical saturation is achieved. With these conditions, the sample size includes about 45 mid-level managers and experts from 10 executive institutions with continuous communication (roads and urban development, municipality and city council, governorate, water, electricity, gas, telecommunications, engineering system) of Zanjan, who were using a questionnaire. Descriptive and semi-structured interview, required data were obtained. Due to the limitations of the audio and video recording of the interview (mainly due to the reluctance of the interviewees to document the questions), it was tried to build the necessary trust and collect the data without mentioning the name and authority. The method of analyzing the data collected in the database model was such that first the data was open coded, then with axial coding, and finally, the selected category and main concepts were extracted. In such a process, the paradigm model resulting from causal, contextual, intervening, strategic and finally consequential conditions was drawn and explained. To ensure the validity of the research, the technical audit method was used. So that the work steps were confirmed by two experts and familiar with the process of qualitative database analysis.
Results and discussion
The resulting conditions resulting from the codes, concepts and categories obtained from the database model with paradigms based on causes, context, mediation and strategy in the urban management of Zanjan city show that managers at different middle and high levels depending on the organizational position, basically action and communication interaction They focus on dry administrative structures and prioritize organizational interests. This method of management is more complete with the feeling of fear of losing or demoting responsibility (post, position), the feeling of being reprimanded or being questioned, and it lowers the managerial position to the level of Habermas's instrumental action (that too incompletely). As a result, the consequence of this approach is the formation of the city based on individual thoughts or exclusivity and the formation of citizens' dissatisfaction. On the other hand, the result of the formation of effective communication between city managers can be seen in the qualitative development of some parts of the city, such as the Sabzeh Maidan complex, the sidewalk, the reopening of Zainbiye Street, the completion of the sewer network, the reduction of the time for examining requests for detailed plan changes, the active implementation of national housing plans, strengthening and reforming He saw the city electricity network.
Conclusion
The mentioned conditions of the evaluation of communication activism in the urban management of Zanjan show that the consequential effect of hindrance: one-sidedness, individualism, reduction of specialization, loss of sense of work belonging, loss of trust and confidence and as a result, reduction of social and organizational capital, moment-oriented management and conforming to temporary solutions and There has been dissatisfaction among citizens. On the other hand, the implementation of communicative activism in some administrations has led to the creation of a sense of belonging and increasing the social capital of managers and employees, and with the development of synergy and pluralism based on active understanding, it has reduced the challenges of managing and implementing urban projects.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Action
- Urban Management
- Data Foundation
- Zanjan
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