نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اسمعیل دلیر ¹
• مراد نصیری مغانلو ²
• سامان ابی زاده ³
• معصومه عموزاده ¹

¹ مربی، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

² مربی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

³ استادیار، گروه هنر و معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

ایمنی و امنیت شهری به ‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های اساسی کیفیت زندگی شهروندان، نقش مهمی در پایداری اجتماعی و کالبدی شهرها دارد. امروزه افزایش جمعیت و پیچیدگی ساختار شهری، مدیریت و تحلیل آن را به چالش اساسی برای برنامه­ریزان و مدیران شهری تبدیل نموده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی و سنجش میزان ایمنی و امنیت در مناطق شهری اردبیل انجام گرفت. این مطالعه از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی و تحلیلی است. تعداد 15 متغیر در قالب30 سئوال پژوهشی با طیف لیکرت پنج گزینه­ای تدوین شد، از مجموع 529 هزار و374 نفر جامعه آماری، به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده طبقه­بندی شده، سئوالات به روش کوکران در اختیار 383 نفر از نمونه آماری در مناطق پنج گانه شهر اردبیل قرار گرفت. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از مدل تحلیلی وازپس و تاپسیس استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد که از میان متغیرهای مورد مطالعه، اعتماد اجتماعی بیشترین و استفاده از سامانه مدیریت ترافیک هوشمند کمترین نقش را ایفا نمودند. بدین ترتیب  مناطق شهری 3، 1، 2، 4 و 5 از بیشترین تا کمترین میزان امنیت و ایمنی محیط شهری برخوردار بودند و در مجموع شهر اردبیل با مقدار 5553/0 Qi در وضعیت اندکی بالاتر از حد متوسط قرار داشت. بدین ترتیب می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که امنیت و ایمنی شهری در اردبیل نه تنها محصول اقدامات انتظامی بلکه بازتابی از تعامل میان کیفیت محیط کالبدی، عوامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست محیطی و مدیریتی است و اتخاذ رویکردی جامع و تلفیقی در سیاست‌گذاری شهری می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز افزایش امنیت و ایمنی شهروندان گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• سنجش
• امنیت
• ایمنی
• اردبیل
• مدل وازپس
• مدل تاپسیس

موضوعات

• برنامه ریزی شهری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating and Measuring Security and Safety in the Urban Environment- Case Study of Ardabil City

نویسندگان [English]

• esmail Dalir ¹
• Morad Nasiri ²
• Saman Abizadeh ³
• Masoomeh Amoozadeh ¹

¹ Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payame noor, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of payame noor, Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Art and Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Payame noor, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Highlights

Significant spatial inequality in urban safety exists across Ardabil, with District 3 ranked highest and District 5 lowest.
Social trust, building quality, and sense of place are the strongest determinants of urban safety.
Physical and social factors exert greater influence than technological and managerial indicators.
An integrated, multi-dimensional policy approach is essential to address the interplay of physical, social, economic, environmental, and governance factors in urban safety.

 
Introduction
Urban safety and security are multidimensional and key phenomena in urban studies. A safe city is one that, while reducing physical and psychological threats, provides the basis for promoting the sustainable well-being and security of its citizens. In examining the relationship between safety and the urban environment, two basic dimensions can be considered: the social dimension, encompassing behavioral and institutional aspects, and the structural dimension, encompassing physical and spatial characteristics related to urban safety and security. From this perspective, urban safety requires the simultaneous analysis of physical, social, service-related, and perceptual indicators. Safety assessment in urban environments is also commonly conducted based on two categories of criteria: objective criteria, such as crime statistics, accident rates, and infrastructure quality, and subjective criteria, including citizens’ perceptions of safety, in which factors such as lighting, visibility, and social cohesion play important roles. In addition, indicators such as the quality of green spaces, air pollution, access to health services, employment opportunities, and the level of preparedness for natural disasters can also influence urban safety. Overall, the combination of these indicators and their comprehensive analysis provides a more accurate understanding of the state of urban safety and security.
Theoretical Framework
Studies in the field of urban social geography indicate that urban safety and the quality of the urban environment are directly related. Urban safety encompasses the reduction of violence, crime, corruption, natural disasters, and accidents. Urban safety indicators include physical-spatial dimensions (land-use mix, building quality, and street lighting), social dimensions (citizen participation and trust, and social cohesion), economic dimensions (wealth distribution and access to opportunities), environmental dimensions (green spaces, pollution, and flooding), and infrastructural and technological dimensions (CCTV cameras, digital security, and smart systems). Theories and approaches in this field address objective and subjective factors (fear of crime and the broken windows theory), environmental design (CPTED, defensible space, and crime prevention through urban design), social activities (everyday activities and participatory security), new and digital technologies (smart cities and digital security), environmental factors (risks and environmental quality), and comprehensive approaches (social order, spatial justice, third places, the right to the city, and human-centered safety). These theories emphasize that urban safety is a multidimensional phenomenon and that improving it requires the simultaneous integration of physical, social, economic, environmental, and technological indicators.
Methodology
This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to identify key urban safety variables across physical-spatial, social, economic, environmental-infrastructural, and technological-managerial dimensions. Primary data were collected through field surveys using a structured questionnaire administered to 383 residents of Ardabil aged 15–65 years, selected through stratified random sampling. Expert evaluations (n = 10) were conducted using the snowball sampling method to assign weights to the indicators. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and a combined WASPAS and TOPSIS approach was applied to rank the five urban districts based on their levels of safety and security, allowing for a nuanced assessment of the relative influence of each variable.
Results and Discussion
The findings of this study indicate significant variations in urban safety and security across the districts of Ardabil. According to the ranking, Districts 3, 1, 2, 4, and 5 showed descending levels of urban safety. TOPSIS analysis identified the key influencing factors in order of importance as follows: social trust, building quality, sense of place, street lighting, wealth distribution, access to employment, green space quality, CCTV coverage, flood safety, civic participation, land-use mix, access to healthcare, air and noise pollution, access to online urban services, and smart traffic management. Social factors (trust, participation, and sense of place) had the greatest influence, followed by physical-environmental factors, while managerial and technological factors had the least influence. Overall, urban safety in Ardabil reflects the interplay of social capital, built-environment quality, and urban governance, highlighting the need for an integrated, multi-dimensional planning approach.
Conclusion
The study revealed that urban safety in Ardabil is unevenly distributed across districts, with social factors such as trust, participation, and sense of place playing the most decisive roles, followed by physical-environmental conditions, while managerial and technological indicators showed weaker influence. These findings highlight that urban safety is not solely the outcome of policing but also results from the interaction among social capital, the built environment, and governance. Therefore, adopting an integrated and multi-dimensional approach is essential to improving urban safety and equity across the city.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Measurement
• Security
• Safety
• Ardabil
• WASPAS Model
• TOPSIS Model